Jamus MG-34. A na'ura gun yakin duniya na II

Bayan yakin duniya na (1914-1918) yarjejeniyar da Versailles haramta Jamusawa wajen samar ko samar da wani makamai, ciki har da tankunan yaki, submarines da atomatik makamai. Amma tare da zuwa ga ikon da Nazis a cikin 1930s kuma Tarurrukan na Jamus sojojin mafi yawan hani karkashin Yarjejeniyar da hukumomin kare, domin sake fara wani sabon yakin duniya. By wannan lokaci da Jamus soja strategists ɓullo da manufar hur šaukuwa Multi-manufa na'ura gun.

Air maimakon ruwa

Wasu lokaci da wannan shawarar ne MG-13. Gabatar a 1930, ya zama wani sake tunani na'ura gun daga yakin duniya na tare da wani ruwa-sanyaya Dreyse Model 1918 modified da iska. Ya rayu a kan wani 25-zagaye mujalla ko 75-zagaye drum, kuma aka soma da Jamus sojojin a matsayin misali na'ura gun. A karshen, da na'ura gun aka saka a kan tankuna da jirgin sama na Luftwaffe, amma a general, tabbatar da m zuwa tsirar da iya wuta a gudun 600 akai-akai da minti. Saboda haka, wannan samfurin da aka soke zama a farkon 1934 da kuma sayar ko sanya shi a cikin ajiya.

A Swiss version

Dangi gazawar cewa al'adar MG-13, bukatar ƙarin gwaji. Kamfanin Rheinmetall-Borsig, tsunduma a samar da makamai tun 1889 da su domin kubuta da hane-hane hõre ta Versailles yarjejeniyar, shirya kafa a kasashen Switzerland inuwar "Solothurn" da kuma ci gaba da aiki a kan wani sabon iska-sanyaya. A lokacin farko World bindigogi suna kullum sanyaya da ruwa, wanda ya dagula su kula da sufuri. Da gwaje-gwaje ya faru daga farkon 1930, kuma nan da nan kammala halittar inganta model.

Sai ya zama, "Solothurn MG-30", halitta a 1930. A na'ura gun aka yi amfani da makwabtaka da Austria da kuma Hungary kazalika a Jamus, amma Jamus hukuma so don samun karin dadi da kuma šaukuwa makamai, ƙarfafa kara ci gaba da na line. Ba da da ewa, shi da aka samar da MG-15, wanda ya tabbatar da zama da amfani sosai a matsayin tsaron gida jirgin sama da makamai da kuma samu manyan umarni bayan da hukuma tallafi na Luftwaffe.

Maschinengewehr 34

Bugu da ari juyin halitta daga wannan layi haifar da almara MG-34 - da wata na'ura gun, kuma aka sani da Maschinengewehr 34, kawo tare da mafi kyau halaye na baya model, ciki har da MG-30 da kuma MG-15. A sakamakon haka shi saboda haka juyin juya halin Musulunci da cewa shi ne na farko gaskiya janar-manufa na'ura gun - multipurpose hari da makamai, iya yin dama ayyuka ba tare da canza ta asali tsarin. Its mahaliccin aka mai suna m armorer Vollmer.

A Jamus sojojin da sauri soma sabuwar na'ura gun, kuma ya aka soma a lokacin 1936. Da farko, ya samar da kamfanin tsunduma Mauserwerke AG, amma nan da nan shi garwaya da Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG kuma Waffenwerke Brunn. A cikin duka, 577.120 raka'a aka samar daga 1935 zuwa 1945.

key Features

A tushe girma na MG-34 na'ura gun sosai ban sha'awa: tsawon - 1219 mm tare da wani misali akwati 627 mm da kuma nauyi ne 12,1 kg. Yana amfani da musamman short bugun jini tare da juyawa daga cikin nunin ƙofar bugun jini recoil muzzle rollback amfilifa. MG-34 - da wata na'ura gun, ya zamo kamar wanda aka zaba musamman domin bokan 7,92x57 Mauser bindiga harsashi. Rate wadannan farkon model aka 600-1000 akai-akai da minti daya, da wani zabi na guda ko atomatik harbe-harben yanayin. A farko gudun ya 762 m / s, sa shi yiwuwa a buga manufa a nisa har zuwa 1200 m. Wannan nesa za a iya karu da yin amfani da wani musamman tsara na'ura domin yin amfani da makamai a matsayin nauyi na'ura gun. A wurin ne misali, tare da wani farar na 100 m zuwa 2000 m.

ergonomic zane

MG-na'ura gun 34 yana da wani mikakke zane a cikin abin da taimakon hannu da akwati ne a kan wannan kirkirarren line. Wannan ne yake aikata domin samar da more barga da harbe-harben ba, amma ba kawai. A butt ne ergonomic tsawo zuwa ga raya akwatin panel yayin da akwatin kanta kadan "hunchback", tare da wani siriri profile. Wadata da kuma ejection takware ne sauƙin rarrabe gaban da fata tsallake al'ada iri. A gaban da bututu ne perforated casing rufe da akwati ciki da shi. Located a kan ganga conical harshen arrester. Lokacin amfani da dakaru goyon bayan da makamai a karkashin murfin ne a haɗe nadawa bipod, yada a jamsin. Na'ura gun irin wannan tsawon bukatar da gaba da goyon baya, musamman a lokacin da kibiya ne a cikin supine matsayi.

iska sanyaya

Makamai da irin wannan yana daya drawback - da aminci a kan halitta sanyaya iska circulating a kusa da ganga a lokacin da harbe-harben. Saboda haka, da ganga aka sanya a cikin wani perforated casing cewa irin wannan sanyaya ya faru, amma wannan bayani ba da damar gudanar da dogon-wuta, wanda yana da muhimmanci ga makami da goyon baya ko danniya. Short-sarrafawa queues sun mulkin ga irin bindigogi. Kowane 250 Shots ganga da za a canja, da kuma sauran sabis rai na 6,000 Shots. Don yin shi sauki don canja Jamus injiniyoyi sun sanya shi yiwuwa a buše da mai karɓar kuma "eversion" shi daga casing. Maharbin tsiwirwirinsu damar yin amfani da akwati ciki da gidaje ta hanyar bude raya na naúra da kuma iya cire shi don maye gurbin. Sa'an nan saka wani sabon sanyi ganga, da kuma wuta koma kamar yadda al'ada.

harbi halaye

Wuta ya buɗe lokacin da ka latsa jawo, wanda kunshi sassa biyu. A babba sashe ne alama da harafin E (Einzelfeuer) da kuma ne ke da alhakin guda Shots, da kuma kasa da aka alama tare da wasika D (Dauerfeuer) da aka tsara don atomatik wuta. Saboda haka, wani jirgin saman soja iya sarrafa samar da harsasai da kuma dumama ganga.

Ammonium wadata

MG-34 da samar da lantarki ya ma aka bai kulawa ta musamman. A tsit jihar makami yawanci powered caja 50 zagaye na drum 75 ko drum caji dual poppet bawul (MG-15 zane gado). Don sauƙaƙe loading lokacin da yin amfani da 50-harsashi tef aka yi amfani a matsayin mai ɗaukuwa support makamai. Idan dole, shi za a iya haɗa zuwa wasu qwarai har da cikakken cajin 250 harsashi. Duk da haka, da yin amfani da tef kaya inji da kuma rage kudi na wuta.

inji-gun ƙungiya

Bayan MG-34 da aka gwada a yi, suna dauke da makamai daban-daban sassa na Jamus sojojin - daga da dakaru na musamman domin dakaru. Daya na'ura gun bauta lissafi, kunsha na akalla mutane biyu. Daya kiyaye harbi da kuma dauki makami a cikin yaƙin, da kuma wasu da aka alhakin harsasai, ya taimaka tare da qwarai da kuma tsunduma a kawar da jinkiri. Idan dole, su iya taimaka more mambobi daga cikin tawagar - don gudanar da karin bindigogi, inji kayayyakin aiki, ko karin harsashi.

Jack dukkan cinikai

Fasali, da MG-34 - da wata na'ura gun matsayin da dabarun da m, ya sauri tsince duk yiwu fama ayyuka. Amma ta babban manufar da aka dakaru goyon baya. Domin wannan gun da aka sanye take da wani bipod, da kuma sojoji sun yi amfani da 50-caja tef. A kudi na wuta ya kasance wani karfi batu na makami, amma da kibiya fĩfĩta guda Shots ko sosai short bursts ga mafi daidaito.

A high kudi ya zama dole, a lokacin da MG-34 na'ura gun (ya photo ne a review) yi da aiki na anti-jirgin sama ya hallaka low-tashi, maƙiyi jirgin sama. Don wannan karshen da aka haɗe da anti-aircraft inji tara, gaba da raya anti-aircraft gani viewfinders.

Tã na'ura gun MG-34 (ga photo. A cikin labarin) da za su gudanar da ci gaba da wuta aka haɗe zuwa inji Lafette 34. Wannan taro ya hada da ginannen buffer inji don daidaita shi a lokacin da harbi. Bugu da kari, da mai karɓar buga wani Tantancewar gani ga mafi alhẽri tracking da kuma bugawa da manufa a nesa.

MG-34 - da wata na'ura gun, wani na'urar wanda damar ta sauri disassembly a filin, da sa shi a tsaftace, lubricated da kuma gyara a cikin wani gajeren lokaci. Daidaici makanikai da na'urorin zai iya lalata wani tarkace a fagen yaƙi, don haka shi ne muhimmanci a bi tsananin zuwa tabbatarwa yanayin share makamai daga wani abu da zai iya yiwuwar kai wa ga wata tasha a mafi inopportune lokacin.

m perfectionism

Wani hasara na MG-34 ya na kowa matsala a duk pre-yaki bindigogi: samar da high quality nagartacce, wanda ya bukatar lokaci mai yawa, kokarin da kudin. Wannan ya kai ga gaskiya cewa fama na'ura gun MG-34 ya ko da yaushe a takaice wadata a lokacin yaki, kamar yadda ya zama dole ga duk Jamus ayyuka a duk fronts. A karshen, su yi an tilasta magance biyar shuke-shuke, da kuma ƙarin albarkatun, lokaci da makamashi da aka kashe a kan halittar add-kan yin ta daban-daban ayyuka. Good makami ya ma m da mutuncin soja yanayi da ya kai ga ci gaban da a Saukake version - daidai da almara MG-42 al'amurran da suka shafi a 1942.

gyare-gyare

MG-34 - da wata na'ura gun, a kan wanda aikin da aka za'ayi da kuma kyautata a lokacin yaki. MG-34m daban-daban nauyi jacket, domin shi aka zaci ta yin amfani da matsayin anti-ma'aikata makamai, saka a kan wani sa na Jamus sulke da motocin. Samfur MG-34s da karshe version na MH-34/41 sun samu wani taqaitaccen ganga (560 mm) ga kudi na karuwa a cikin rawar da anti-aircraft inji bindigogi , kuma sun kasance kawai atomatik wuta. MG-34/41 ya maye gurbin MG-34, amma wannan bai faru ba saboda zargin tasiri jerin MG-42. MG-34/41 da aka taba hukumance soma da, albeit samar a wasu yawa.

MG-34 Panzerlauf aka bauta a matsayin wani tanki gun. A cikin wadannan model amfani a yi wa mutum gidaje tare da nisa m ramukan. A butt an cire ga mafi m profile a cikin iyaka sarari a ciki da Jamusanci sulke da motocin. Duk da haka, a kan jirgin hawa hira kit ba ka damar da sauri juya Panzerlauf a cikin ƙasa da wani haske na'ura gun a cikin al'amarin, idan na yi watsi da abin hawa. A sa ya hada da bipod, butt da kuma gani.

Daya daga cikin latest gyare-gyare na MG-34 - MG-81 na'ura gun, anti-jirgin sama tsaron gida makami don maye gurbin wanda aka rabu amfani MG-15. MG-81Z (Zwilling) ya zama wani reshe na line ma a haɗa biyu MG-34s kowa jawo. A zane da aka canja a cikin irin wannan hanya kamar yadda ya ba da damar da ikon inji bindigogi a garesu. Its kudi kai mai ban sha'awa 2800-3200 akai-akai da minti. Production daga cikin jerin da aka iyakance, kamar yadda MG-34s aka fi bukata a wasu yankunan.

Duk da cewa a cikin 1942 akwai wata na'ura gun MG-34/42, da samar da MG-34 da aka ba katse har karshen yaki a Turai a watan Mayu 1945. Ko da yake MG-42 da aka tsara don maye gurbin MG-34 a matsayin frontline makami ya kuma ba zan iya isa shi fairly high matakan da, kyakkyawan, taka rawar da dace da na gargajiya zane 1930 ta.

karbuwa a kasashen duniya

MG-34 German na'ura gun aka yi amfani ba kawai Jamus da kuma ba kawai a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Its analogs suna hanzari yada a duniya. A wadannan kasashe, sojojin wanda ya dauki shi a kan jirgin, - Algeria, Angola, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Finland, Guinea-Bissau, da Hungary, da Isra'ila, Korea, North Vietnam, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan da kuma Turkey. A na'ura gun aka yi amfani a lokacin yakin basasa a kasar Sin (1946-1950), da Larabawa da Isra'ila rikici (1948), da Korean War (1950-1953), Vietnam (1955-1975). Har yanzu, ana iya gano a cikin m yankunan inda shi ne almara makami har yanzu ya shagaltar da su da yaƙi.