Jaropolk Svyatoslavich - Grand Prince of Kiev (945-980)

Daya daga cikin mafi rigima da kuma rigima Figures tsakanin shugabanni na zamanin d Rasha shi ne Prince of Kiev Jaropolk Svyatoslavich. Tarihinsa yana cike da wani iri-iri na wasanin gwada ilimi da kuma tambayoyi, ko da yake ya mulki kasar a gwada gajeren lokaci. Wane ne wanda yake - mai tanƙwasawa da fratricide ko kushe wani barrantacce aka azabtar da mãkirci na ƙanensa?

farkon shekaru

Translation madadin Jaropolk da Old Slavonic masana ilimin harsuna ya fassara a matsayin "haskakawa cikin mutane." A daidai ranar haihuwa da kuma mahaifiyarsa ta sunan ne ba a sani ba zuwa ga tarihi. Wasu masana kimiyya imani Jaropolk ranar haihuwa 945 shekara. Amma su abokan adawar ce cewa wannan version ne gaba daya ƙarancin cancantar, tun a lokacin da kullum yarda view of ubansa bai kasance ba fãce shekaru uku. Wasu masana sun nuna cewa, ya kasance dan Princess Ugric Predslava, kamar ɗan'uwansa, Oleg.

Jaropolk mahaifinsa shi Grand Prince of Kievskiy Svyatoslav Igorevich, shahara ga da yawa nasarori a kan abokan gābansu. A musamman, babban kwamandan ci iko Khazar Khanate da Bulgarian Empire a kan Danube.

A karo na farko a cikin tarihin Jaropolk sunan bayyana a cikin 968. Shi ne in babu Prince Svyatoslav zo hari Pechenegs zuwa Kiev, a lokacin da matasa prince aka kulle a cikin fadar da kakarsa Olga da kuma 'yan'uwa.

A 970, mahaifinsa ya bar shi a matsayin babban dan, sarrafa Kiev, da kuma mayar da su cikin gaba yaƙin neman zaɓe a hayin Danube. Wannan lokaci ya na da damar zo Grips tare da kansa romeyskoy Sarkin sarakuna John Tzimiskes. Grand Prince Kievskiy Svyatoslav aka tilasta koma baya. Amma a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa gida ne aka kashe ta Rumawa bribed Pecheneg Khan Qurei. Rasha ƙasa ya fara sarauta 'ya'yansa uku, Vladimir, Oleg, Jaropolk, da karshen na wanda ya zama Grand Duke.

ya taɓa Jaropolk

Jaropolk Svyatoslavich zama Grand Prince of Kiev a 972, bayan rasuwar tsohonsa. 'Yan'uwansa - Oleg da Vladimir ci sarauta, bi da bi, a Drevlyane da Novgorod asashe. Amma da mazan su ne karo na farko gane Jaropolk.

Sahaban ĩmãni Jaropolk wajen jarumi warrior fiye da mutum mai hikima mai mulki. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, har yanzu yana kokarin bi wani aiki duka biyu na ciki da kuma na waje manufofin.

Kwatance na kasashen waje da manufofin

Jaropolk kasashen waje da manufofin da ya fi mayar da an mayar da hankali kan kasashe na yammacin Turai. Evidence wannan ne ofishin jakadancin aika a 973 zuwa Jamus, zuwa kotu na Ruhu Mai Roman Sarkin sarakuna Otto II Rufus. A cewar daya daga version, Jaropolk aka tsunduma wa dan uwan Cunegonde. Tare da wani isasshen mataki na yiwuwa ana iya bayar da hujjar cewa rapprochement tare da Jamus da aka nufin samar da wani ƙawance da Jamhuriyar Czech da kuma Poland.

Amma Rum matasa Prince yi girman fiye da hankali, tunawa da wata yaudara daga Romawa zuwa ga mahaifinsa.

Jaropolk da Kristanci

Sa mai yawa tattaunawa ne tambaya na da rawar da Kristanci a cikin rãyuwar sarkin Jaropolk. Wasu masu tarihi sun yi imani da cewa ya aka yi masa baftisma a asirce ko a bayyane professed da bangaskiyar Kirista. Amma abu daya ne bayyananne: Jaropolk Svyatoslavich quite masu biyayya ga Kiristoci ba fafare su, sabanin sauran arna shugabanni na kasashen yarda ka yi tasbĩhi game da sadaukarwa cewa gamsarwa yawan masu ce da bangaskiya na kakanninsu. An yi imani da cewa wani ofishin jakadancin zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna Otto II daya daga burinta yana sanya gaba na baftismar Rus.

Hakika, muhimmiyar rawa dangane da Kiristanci taka leda Jaropolk kiwon kakarsa Olga, wanda ya dauki romeyskoy addini a Konstantinoful.

Duk da haka, a lokacin da reburial Jaropolk da ɗan'uwansa Oleg, Prince Yaroslav Mudry umurni da baftismar da ya rage. Wannan al'amari ya nuna ko dai zauna a kafirci Jaropolk har mutuwa, ko da Yaroslav san kome ba game da baftisma da kawunsa.

kafa Jaropolk

A mafi shahararren adadi a cikin yanayi Jaropolk ne haƙĩƙa gwamnan Sveneld. Mai masana tarihi yarda ya Scandinavian asalin. Shahararren rawa, ya fara wasa mafi at Jaropolk kakan - Prince Igor Rurik. Lokacin da Svyatoslav Sveneld ya zama daya daga cikin mafi iko maza a Rasha, yana da nasa tawagar, tattara haraji, ya tafi tare da sarki a cikin yin yawo a fadin Danube. An yi imani da cewa a lokacin da Yaropolk ya ya zahiri gudu da harkokin jihar. Sveneld da 'ya'ya biyu - Lute da fansa.

Fasikanci - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci gwamnan da yake ƙarƙashin Prince Yaropolk. Wata ila ya bayyana rawar bayan Sveneld mutuwa. Daga baya wannan mutumin ya ci amanar Jaropolk.

Varyazhko - VFB Jaropolk tare da shi za a iya ce da shi cemented shaidu na aminci. Ya aka musamman masu biyayya ga yarima.

iyali

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a cewar daya version, an yi imani da cewa Jaropolk Svyatoslavich aka tsunduma ga 'yar Count Kuno von Enengena Cunegonde, amma saboda wasu dalilai, da bikin aure ba ya faru. Ya kuma courted 'yarsa Polotsk prince Rogvolod - Rogneda, amma bayan kama Polotsk da kuma kashe mahaifinta, Vladimir cewa ya kan tilas ya dauki gimbiya matarsa.

Amma sarkin Jaropolk Svyatoslavich har yanzu aure to wasu Greek mace, sunanta tarihi ne shiru. Mafi m, ta aka kama a matsayin ganima mahaifinsa a lokacin Transdanubian yakin. Annals ya ce a lokacin da mijinta mutuwa, ta aka yi tsammani yaro da aka dauka a matsayin wani ƙwarƙwarar da ɗan'uwansa Vladimir. A wannan yanayin, shi dai itace cewa danta, nan gaba Duke na Kiev Svyatopolk da Sunã la'anannu, shi ne wani yaro Jaropolk. Duk da wannan, ya aka soma da Vladimir. Duk da haka, bisa ga wani version, ya dauke iyalinsa Scion.

Oleg Kisa

A halin yanzu m gaba tsakanin Yaropolk da ɗan'uwansa Oleg, wanda ya yi mulki a Ovruch. A farkon da rikici da kisan danta Prince Drevlyansky mahukunta Sveneld - Lute. A dalilin shi ya yi imani da cewa ya aka farauta ba tare da izni a cikin ni'imar Oleg, cewa bisa ga na da matsayin da aka dauke quite wani tsanani laifi.

Sveneld halitta gudanar fushi da kullum bukaci Jaropolk je yaki tare da ɗan'uwansa, domin kira zuwa asusu. A karshe, Prince of Kiev, ba hanyar. A 977, da yakin da aka shirya, a lokacin da tawagar Oleg aka ci, da kuma shi kansa ne aka kashe a rikice na yaƙi.

Jaropolk Svyatoslavich game da shi sosai baƙin ciki. Amma wannan kiwata tambaya na da rawar a cikin wannan taron. A cewar daya daga version, ya kasance ne kawai a yar tsana a hannun Mai Iko Dukka mahukunta, da kuma a kan sauran - ya masterminded da kama Drevlyansky ƙasar. A kan tushe na biyu version na nuna nassoshi kansu Yaropolk a lokacin makoki domin Oleg, ya aika da ɗan'uwansa farautar a Ljuta ƙasar. Manufar irin wannan aiki zai zama daya - don su tsokane a fratricidal yaki. Duk da haka, da Naira Miliyan Xari da duk sauran shaida da shawara cewa, mafi m Jaropolk shi ne plaything na ayarinsa.

Jawabin da Vladimir da Jaropolk

Bayan koyo na mutuwa na Oleg a cikin yaki a kan Yaropolk, Prince of Novgorod, Vladimir yanke shawarar cewa na gaba duka zai sa mazan wa dukiyarsa. Yana da aka haka ya yanke shawarar ya tsere zuwa Scandinavia. Akwai, Vladimir Mai girma sami wani karfi Varangian masu gadi, da kuma koma da shi zuwa ga ɗan'uwansa.

A halin yanzu Jaropolk gudanar ya kafa ikonta a kan Novgorod. Amma Vladimir an sauƙi kõma birnin kanta. A kan hanyar zuwa Kiev, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ya kafa sansani ally Jaropolk - Polotsk prince Rogvolod, ya ƙone shi babban birnin, da kuma 'yar Rogneda baya a tashinta to yayansa, aure. Daga wannan aure da aka haife ta baya nan gaba Grand Duke na Kiev Yaroslav Mudry.

Next Vladimir tare da sojojinsa suka zo Kiev. Voivod Fasikanci, wanda ya faru mafi kusantar matattu da lokaci Sveneld, aminci ya tafi a kan baki da Prince of Novgorod kuma rinjayi Jaropolk bar babban birnin kasar. Ya dauki tsari a wata rijiya kare karamin gari da 'yan qasar, a kan kogin Ros.

mutuwa Jaropolk

Vladimir kewaye Jaropolk. A birnin fara yunwa mai tsanani,. Ta hanyar shiga tsakani na Fasikanci Novgorod prince rinjayi dan'uwansa shiga cikin tattaunawar da shi. Ko da yake druzhinnik Varyazhko sharply tsayayya da wannan, tuhumar cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne. Lokacin da Jaropolk isa wurin da na tattaunawar, ya yaudari aka kashe mutane biyu Scandinavians na Novgorod sojojin. Haka ya faru a shekara ta 978.

Har yanzu je shawara game da rawar da Vladimir a cikin kashewar ɗan'uwansa. Wasu masu tarihi na kokarin idealize siffar nan gaba Baptist na Rasha da kuma sa da laifi a kan arbitrariness na Vikings. Amma, mafi m, da kisan wani tsari da aka bai wa sunan Vladimir. A cikin wani hali, ya biography yana cike da da dama sauran abubuwan ce cewa Baptist Rasha zai iya sauƙi yi da shi.

Jaropolk rawa a tarihin

Tsakanin masana tarihi har yanzu tsanani da muhawara game da wanda ya Jaropolk: na farko instigator na internecine rikici, ko wani wanda aka azabtar da manufofin da predatory da mulki mahukunta 'yan'uwa? Dokokin shi ne da yawa karami fiye da sauran Kievan sarakuna. Table Chronology na Board sarrafa mulkinsa, kawai shekara shida. Duk da yake Oleg gudu suka mallaka da shekaru 30, Igor - 33, Sviatoslav - 27 years, kuma Vladimir - kamar yadda mutane da yawa kamar shekaru 37.

Yana kuma rage m abin da zai faru tallafi na Krista a Rasha, damu da wani irin Prince Jaropolk Svyatoslavovych nasara a kan ɗan'uwansa,? Kuma duk dã sun ci gaba da rabo daga cikin Rasha jihar a wannan harka? Amma tarihi bai sani ba, da subjunctive yanayi. Abu daya ne bayyananne: ainihi da kuma rawar da Grand Duke na Kiev Jaropolk Svyatoslavich har yanzu jiran su dace da kimantawa a nan gaba.