Kafa cikin "Beech": photos, da harbe-harben kewayo. A yi halaye na Sam "Buk"

Yau za mu mayar da hankali a kan irin wadannan makamai a matsayin a matsayin makami mai linzami tsarin "Buk". Wannan labarin yana da kõme ba yi da siyasa, don haka za mu tattauna da zalla fasaha gefen batun. Bari mu yi kokarin fahimtar kadan na abin da ya ƙunshi na kai-propelled Army makami mai linzami anti-aircraft tsarin, samun Masana ta dabara da kuma fasaha halaye, da harbe-harben da iyaka, a takaice, da dukan da damar iya yin komai. Saboda haka, za mu dasa "Buk".

A tarihin

Da farko kana bukatar ka yanke shawara a kan manufa da kafuwa. Shi ne halakar da nata irin hari tashi a matsakaici da kuma low altitudes a gudu zuwa 830 m / sec, maneuvering da 12 guda overloads kuma a nesa na da nisan kilomita 30. A daidai da shawarwari na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma cikin CPSU kwamitin tsakiya a kan Janairu 13, 1972 da kuma fara sabon ci gaba. Da hannu a wannan na gama na developers da kuma masana'antun, da suka halarci a cikin halittar baya Sam "Cube". A daidai wannan lokaci da muke da aka nada don ci gaba da hadaddun M-22, da ake kira "Hurricane" ga Navy, ta amfani da roka, cikakken jituwa tare da "Buk".

Developers

Kamar yadda developers da aka gano: Research Institute of Instrumentation da Bincike, kuma Design Association, wanda yana da sunan "Fazotron". Rastov A. A. An nada shugaban zanen na hadaddun. Pre-loading shigarwa da aka halitta a cikin aikin injiniya KB "Fara", inda shugaban ya Yaskin A. I. crawler, kenan ga hadaddun inji, ɓullo da Mytishchi na'ura-gini shuka, wanda aka jagorancin Astrov N. A. 9M38 da makamai masu linzami a kallafa wajen samar da Sverdlovsk ICD "bidi'a". ganewa tashar kuma, ba shakka, niyya "Dome" an halitta a Cibiyar aunawa da daidaici kida na ma'aikatar Radio. Domin ga "Buk" zai iya zama fara aiki, shi ya ɓullo da wani kunshin da wurare da kuma goyon bayan sana'a a kan shasi. A ƙarshe na shiri lokaci da aka shirya a karo na biyu da kwata na 1975.

canji na da tsare-tsaren

Resolution na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma CPSU kwamitin tsakiya na 22 May 1974, a cikin ra'ayi na bukatar wani speedy karfafa iska tsaro sulke rarrabu da ƙara shiryayye "Cube", wanda wani bangare ne na ƙungiyar, da umarnin don ƙirƙirar wani hadadden "Beech" a matakai biyu. Da farko ya wajaba a hanzari ci gaba a sarrafawa anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami da kuma wuta kai-propelled hadaddun, wanda zai iya gudu 9M38 makamai masu linzami, kazalika da 3M9M3 data kasance hadaddun "Kub-M3". Sa'an nan a wannan hasashe ne mun kasance, to ƙirƙirar "Buk" - makami mai linzami tsarin na wani sabon zamani. Kuma a watan Satumba na shekarar 1974 domin tabbatar da sa hannu a cikin hadin gwiwa gwaji. Amma ko da wannan, a baya nada lokaci ya yi sosai complied tare.

Wuta kai-propelled gun 9A38

Yana da aka saka a kan shasi na GM-569, da kuma shi ne a cikin wata guda naúrar hadawa da ayyuka na kai-propelled PU na Surnov amfani a cikin "Kub-M3". Created shigarwa 9A38 samar da ingancin search a ba kansu, ya yi aikin ganewa da kuma m kama daga hari ga atomatik tracking. shi ma solves matsalar kafin a fara, fara da uku abin da ya ƙunsa makamai masu linzami, wanda aka located a kan shi, da kuma sauran uku 3M9M3-shiryar da makamai masu linzami daga dabbar ta hanyar canjin da ta 2P25M3 PU. Wuta inji za a iya amfani da ko dai Surnov da autonomously. Its nauyi - 34 ton. Yana kunshi Sam "Buk" na: Radar 9s35. Digital sarrafa kwamfuta tsarin. optically talabijin reticle. Starter da ikon servo tafiyarwa. radar ƙasa interrogator, wanda ke aiki a cikin "Password". kayan aiki da SPU da Surnov. a gas injin turbin janareta. kayan aiki fuskantarwa, topographical anga kuma kewayawa. rai goyon bayan tsarin.

Aiki radar 9S35

Don bayyana lokacin babba ci gaba a cikin halittar ma'adini da kuma inji tace an kai, obin na lantarki na'urorin, dijital sarrafa kwamfuta inji, wanda a yarda a radar 9S35, wani ɓangare na hadaddun "Beech", hada da ayyuka na haske tashoshin, ganewa da kuma manufa tracking. Yana amfani da biyu riwayar - bugun jini da kuma ci gaba da kalaman, ta kanta aiki a cikin santimita zango zangon. Daya watsawa don gane da waƙa da manufa, da sauran - backlit a raga da kuma sarrafawa da anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami. Eriya tsarin fayyace sassa electromechanical sakonni samu ta hanyar sarrafa yi tsakiyar kwamfuta. 9S35 mika mulki lokaci, wani ɓangare na Sam "Buk" daga yanayin jiran aiki a fama kasa da ashirin seconds. dalilai gudu da aka ƙaddara da wani daidaito na 10 -20 m / s, haka tabbatar da su zabi a wani motsi jihar. .. Error: RMS kamar yadda aka auna kusurwa tsara ya 0.5 g a kalla a cikin kewayon - 175 mita. A tashar da aka kare daga duk aiki, hada da hayaniya.

Anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami 9M38

Wannan roka, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Sam "Buck" da aka amfani da m-dual-yanayin engine. Saboda haduwar hakar ma'adinai watsi da yin amfani da rago. Bugu da kari, shi yana da babban juriya ga wasu, yafi m sassa na yanayin da a high kwana na harin da aka m a aiki. Domin wadannan dalilai, halittar rayuwa aka lalace Sam "Cube". makami mai linzami makirci ne na al'ada, misali, X-dimbin yawa, da ciwon low al'amari rabo reshe. A duban farko ta bayyanar kama da wani jirgin yaki da jiragen sama da makamai masu linzami iyalai "tartar" da "Standard" kerarre a Amurka a full yarda da haddi a cikin size ga Soviet Navy. A gaban 9M38 sanya kayan autopilot, semiactive GMN, warhead da abinci mai gina jiki. Babu wani roka sassa, raba a jirgin, ta tsawon - 5.5 mita, diamita - 400 mm, tuƙi shafa - 860 millimeters. Yana da aka sanye take da wani abin da ya ƙunsa kai, wanda ya gudanar da tsarin a hade tare da yin amfani da gwargwado kewayawa. "Beech" - makami mai linzami tsarin da ciwon da irin wannan roka - iya buga hari tashi a altitudes daga 25 zuwa 20 mita 000 da kuma wani kewayon uku da rabi zuwa 32 km, ta gudun - 1000 m / sec. Da makami mai linzami da wani nauyi na 685 kg, ciki har da 70 kg warhead.

shigarwa gwajin "Beech"

Kafa cikin "Buk" daga Agusta 1975 zuwa karshen Oktoba na gaba, a 1976, ya wuce na jihar gwaje-gwaje. Ya kai su Bimbash PS, kuma suka da aka za'ayi a kan ƙasa na Emba polygon. Kamar yadda ka gani, da shigarwa na "Buk" (photo na ta wakilta a cikin binciken) kunshi: Surnov 1S91M3, wuta shigarwa 9A38, surface-to-air makami mai linzami 3M9M3 da 9M38, kai-propelled PU 2P25M3 da kiyaye kayan. A sakamakon haka, wasu gyara da aka yi: kewayon jirage masu saukar ungulu ganewa ya 21-35 kilomita a low altitudes, da jirgin sama - 32-41 km. Lokaci makami mai linzami jefa daga lokacin manufa ganewa ya 24-27 seconds. Cajin lokaci da dakatar da - minti tara. Kaye jirgin sama da makami mai linzami 9M38 aka bayar: a nesa na 3,5-20,5 km - a tsawon kan 3000 mita, 5-15,5 km - a wata tsawo na mita 30. The shafa yankin a kan hanya siga da aka 18,5 km tsawo - daga 30 m zuwa 14.5 km. Yiwuwar wuta lalacewa - 0,70-0,93 a lokacin da suka fara a abin hawa. A shekarar 1978, da shuka "Buk-1" ( "Cube-M4") da aka sa a cikin sabis.

Features "Buck" a, umurnin post

Mu a halin yanzu sani dalla-dalla game da dauke da makamai. Yana da lokaci zuwa kungiyar fi na asali a wuri guda. Saboda haka, muna da wani hadadden "Beech". Halaye na ta fama dukiya wadannan. 9S470 - umurnin post saka a kan GM-579 - samar da wani nuni, liyafar da kuma aiki na duk data daga tashoshin niyya da kuma ganewa, kazalika da shida 9A310 - wuta kai-propelled raka'a. Ya samar da wani zabin da ya dace m hari da su dace da rarraba a manual da kuma atomatik halaye tsakanin harbe-harben kai-propelled raka'a, za'ayi da aiki su ne ke da alhakin sassa da dama sauran muhimmanci ayyuka. Complex "Beech", godiya ga manual, aiki lafiya a lokacin da yin amfani da makamai masu linzami da kan radar da kuma tsangwama. Team abu 46 na iya aiwatar da hari a tsawon 20,000 mita a wani yankin da ciwon radius na 100 000 m. Don shida manufa alamomi bayar da zagayowar review tashar. 28 ton - nauyi na KP, ba wani ƙungiya daga shida.

niyya da kuma ganewa tashar "Dome"

Muna ci gaba da magana game da abin da shuka "Buk". Features "Dome" - na gaba mataki na ta shawara. Wannan tashar yana da wani lantarki katako scanning a tadawa na 30-40 digiri kansu da wani inji juyawa daga cikin eriya na bai azimuth. Nufa 9S18 - ganewa da kuma ganewa na hari a cikin iska a tsawon mita 30 zuwa 45.5 km, a nesa na 120 kilomita. Sa'an nan kuma, a kan halin da ake ciki a cikin iska bayanai da aka ruwaito da gearbox 9S470. Dangane da sa-kansu tsangwama da kuma samuwar Viewing kudi daidai 5-18 seconds a circumferential review, kuma 2.5-4.5 seconds a lokacin da bangaren nazari na 30 digiri. Aika da da samu bayanai telecode layi a lokacin review, shi ne 4.5 seconds, a cikin adadin 75 da alãmarsu. Yana da aka tsara da kuma kariya na tasiri, mayar da martani, asynchronous bugun jini tsangwama. Har ila yau, ko da kuwa da kasancewar m amo da cewa tana gano ayi a tsawon 5000 mita saman soja. "Dome", wani ɓangare na anti-aircraft hadaddun "Beech", a juya, kunshi wani rotator, eriya tashar, eriya tracking na'ura, a na'urar karɓa, da watsarwa na'urar da sauran tsarin. A tura matsayi da tashar a minti biyar shige daga tafiya daga wajibi - a 20 seconds.

Bambance-bambance da harbe-harben shigarwa 9A310 da 9A38

Harufan shigarwa na biyu ( "Beech-1"), halin a cewa sadarwa ta telecode Lines ne ba kai-propelled da PU 2P25M3 Surnov 1S91M3, kuma tare da ROM 9A39 da umurnin post 9S470. 9A310 kuma yana da hudu 9M38 sarrafawa anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami a cikin farawa na'urar, maimakon uku. Its caji da aka za'ayi domin 12 da rabi minti daga ROM, kuma a minti na 16 - daga mota kai dabaru. Weight - 32.4 ton, ciki har da mutane hudu yaki da ƙungiya. Da nisa daga cikin wuta kai-propelled - 3,25 mita, tsawon - 9.3 m, tsawo - 3.8 mita. Bari mu ga mafi daga abin da ya ƙunshi wani hadadden "Beech". A wannan hoto, mun so, kamar yadda ko da yaushe.

9A39 - fara-loading kafuwa

Wannan ROM da aka shigar a kan shasi na GM-577. Its manufa - ajiya da kuma harkokin sufuri na sarrafawa anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami - takwas guda, hudu daga wanda su a kan gyarawa housings, hudu - a kan farawa na'urar. shi ne ma aka yi nufi ga kaddamar da hudu makamai masu linzami, da kara kai-loading su tare da lodgements, m kai-caje guda takwas roka daga mota kai arziki. Saboda haka, "Beech" - makami mai linzami tsarin, wanda hadawa da ayyuka na wani ROM kai-propelled PU baya hadaddun "Cube" da kuma TPM. Yana hada da: triggering na'urar da tracking actuator, lodgements, tap dijital sarrafa kwamfuta inji telecode da na'urorin sadarwa, kewayawa, dauri topography, makamashi raka'a da kuma samar da wutar lantarki. Unit nauyi - 35.5 ton, ciki har da lissafi na uku, girma: nisa - 3.316 mita, tsawon - 9,96 mita, kuma tsawo - 3.8 mita.

Opportunities Sam "Buk"

Wannan hadadden ya fi fama, na waje da kuma yi idan aka kwatanta da "shigen sukari-M4" da "Cube-M3" gidaje. Idan ma kawai ya dubi abin da yake cikin shigarwa na "Buck" photo na ta makamai, kowa zai fahimta duk da iko, wanda bayar:

1. Good AMINCI manufa ganewa saboda gaskiyar cewa shirya wani hadin gwiwa review na sarari da shida kai-propelled da harbe-harben da niyya da kuma ganewa tashar.
2. Lokaci daya da shida a raga, da harbe-harben bataliya, da kuma, idan ya cancanta, da kuma amfani da kansa daga wuta kai-propelled raka'a - yi har zuwa shida m fama manufa.
3. Strong kariya da tsangwama ta hanyar amfani da jirgin kwamfuta abin da ya ƙunsa kai da kuma musamman irin haske sigina.
4. Saboda da ƙara yawan ikon Sam (ta warhead) - sosai high dace na lalata tashi hari.

ƙarshe

By tallan kayan kawa da kuma gwajin sakamakon, shi aka ƙaddara cewa da iyaka da saitin harbi "Buck" - daga 3 zuwa 25 kilomita a wata tsawo na har zuwa 18 kilomita kuma bugun har zuwa 800 m / s. A wannan yanayin da shi na samar da wani qualitatively hari hari cewa ba su maneuvering. Yiwuwar samun kashi ya 0.7-0.8 lokacin da harbe-harben a shiryar da makami mai linzami da kuma ba shakka saitin zuwa 18 kilomita. Idan manufar maneuvering, da farauto yiwuwa ne 0.6. A makamai iska rundunar sojojin tsaron kasar hadaddun "Beech" soma a 1980. Tun daga nan, sau da yawa da za'ayi ta zamani, don bunkasa fama damar da tsaro.