Kamenetz-Podolsk kagara: photo, tarihi

Kamenetz-Podolsk sansanin soja, kuma aka sani da outposts Kristanci, aka gina da manufar kare da ake kira Turkish gada cewa ya yi aikin dangane aiki tsakanin babban yankin da kuma tsohon garin.

game abu

Archaeologists a hankali gudanar da bincike da wannan wuri. A matsayinsu, da gida castle gina a wani yanki inda a IX-XII karni ya Detinets da shaft na duniya, kazalika da wani bango na itace. Godiya a gare su, da shi aka kare ta a shiri na wa mazaunan sun jama'a na Galicia-Volyn sarauta.

A wuri inda yanzu tsaye da Kamenetz-Podolsk sansanin soja da aka kewaye da garun na dutse a XII-XIII ƙarni. Amma a 1240 sun bayyana rundunar Batu, wanda za ya yanke ganuwar, da birnin da yawan jama'a.

Fiye da shekara ɗari nan ya ci sarauta a Mongol-Tatars. A 1362 wani yaƙi ya faru a kan Blue Waters, a sakamakon wanda da invaders suka ci. Sun hambarar da gwamnatin sojojin na Algirdas, da umarnin a kasa don haka da cewa Kamenetz-Podolsk kagara (Khmelnytsky yankin) zo karkashin iko da ya dan'uwa.

ci gaba

Lokacin da wannan yanki ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin na Lithuanian shugabanni a 1363-1430-ies, akwai m canje-canje a cikin rayuwar sansanin soja - suna aiki don mayar da shi. Kasuwanci da kuma manya kwashe kyaututtuka, saboda wanda shi yiwuwa a tattara da zama dole Naira Miliyan Xari ga al'adar da sansanin soja na ta ƙwarai bayyanar. Bugu da kari ga kudade da hannu popes, darivshie "sadaka daga St. Bitrus."

Lokacin da Vytautas mutu, infighting barke tsakanin magada. Kamar yadda tare da m ba sarrafa domin sanin ƙasar inda sansanin soja Kamenetz-Podolsk yakan a wannan sa'a, ya zo a ƙarƙashin mulkin na Commonwealth na tsawon daga 1434 har 1793rd shekaru.

Kuma a cikin shekaru 1672-1699. Ga mulkin Ottoman Empire. An sa'an nan kuma sanya wa wannan sakin layi hõre muhimmanci dabarun aiki, domin shi ne cibiyar da Polish lardin, kazalika da birni tare da sarauta da matsayi.

canje-canje

A karkashin mulkin na Yaren mutanen Poland tsohon sansanin soja da-castle Kamenetz-Podolsk an dan kadan modified. Akwai yi maimaitawa - daya daga cikin mafi girma ya auku a 1621 shi ne ya jagoranci T. Schomberg, wanda ya yi aiki tukuru don daidaita da mai suna batu na manyan bindigogi defenses.

Kuma a cikin tsakiyar yakin, wanda dade tsakanin jama'ar {asar Poland da Turks daga 1672 a 1676 shekaru, daya daga cikin hare-haren ƙare a sallama da mazauna yankunan. Kamar wancan ne aka halakar da kuma biyu hasumiyarki.

Amma a kwata na karni daga baya, Kamenetz-Podolsk sansanin soja wanda tarihi da aka gabatar a cikin labarin da aka mayar da su zuwa Poland. Wannan shi ne saboda cikar yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya Karlovitskogo.

Yanzu, wannan batu ya ba irin wannan karfi da muhimmanci ga Kiristoci, kamar yadda ya baya. Fiye da hankali da aka biya don ta fama iyawa da kuma yiwuwar gudanar da wani na tsaron gida. Facilities a kan rekonstruirovali kasafin gwamnatin kudi.

The canji na ikon

An fara daga 1793 ƙasar tana karkashin mulkin na Rasha Empire daga 1795 ne tsakiya batu na Podolia. Lokacin da Rasha-Turkish yaki ya kan a 1812, jihar iyakokin su sãduwa zuwa gare ta kudu. Sa'an nan sansanin soja Kamenetz-Podolsk ya riga ya zama ba a matsayin muhimmin for soja dalilai, da kuma shi da aka yi amfani da matsayin correctional ma'aikata irin.

A lokacin farko World sake mu yi tunani game da tsaro - a nan ne hedkwatar Front a kudu maso yammacin Rasha. A 1917-1923 gg., Lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke, gwamnatin a wannan lokaci da yawa sau canza. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin nan da nationalists a Ukraine, da kuma Bolsheviks, da kuma Austro-German sojojin. A 1919-1920. Akwai wani lokaci a lokacin da wannan birni ko kaddamarda da babban birnin kasar na Ukraine bayan da sallama na Gwamnatin UNR da Directory na Kiev.

muhimmancin

A 1928, Kamenetz-Podolsk sansanin soja samu matsayi na al'adu da tarihi da ajiye na kasa muhimmancin. Amma a lokacin yakin duniya na II wannan wuri da aka mugun lalace, saboda akwai hare-haren da gwabza kazamin fada.

Yanzu shi ne gine-gine da kuma tarihi ajiye na kasa muhimmancin, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin Monuments na duniya da al'adun, a hada a cikin sansanonin da Hukumar UNESCO. Wannan tsarin za a iya bayyana a matsayin m, saboda da kokarin da constructors, kuma m hali halitta da yanayi. Saboda haka cewa mutanen da ke rayuwa a tsakiyar zamanai, har ya ce da cewa sosai hannun Allah gina wadannan kufaifan.

Akwai m gangara na high tsawo, zurfin ravines da kuma m hanya Smotrych River, kai 250 m a fadin. Sama da duka wannan hau ganuwar yi wa ado da loopholes. Saboda haka kora bindigogi na girma da iko - duk a kagara da 10 cannons da tarasnitsa.

Tsohon Castle - da zuciya, wanda Korug girma iko da kuma impregnable sansanin soja Kamenetz-Podolsk. Photo za ka iya gani a cikin labarin ne kawai zuwa kananan har iyar da yawa daga cikin gida gine-gine. castle quadrangular form. Located cikin rufaffiyar yankin, wanda yana da wani yanki na 1.5 kadada. Its kewaye da aka yi wa ado da 11 hasumiyarki.

muhimmanci gine-gine

Daya daga cikin m Tsarin zuwa kudu ne Tower Papal. Ta aka bred mafi kusa ga gefen hagu na ƙofar. Its gina a lokacin tsakanin 1505 da 1515 da shekaru. Don a tabbatar da aikin kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da, samu daga Paparoma.

A cikin XIX karni nan uku sau ƙangin bautar Karmelyuka Amurka, wanda ya jagoranci kungiyar 'yan tawayen na manoma. Akwai biyar tiers, kallon wanda za a iya lura da cewa, na farko guda biyu da sashe a cikin siffar wani square, na gaba biyu - da octahedron, kuma na karshe - daga cikin Silinda.

Bayan da sansanin soja da akwai hasumiya a cikin wani nau'i na tafiya. Yana da aka kafa a cikin XIV karni. A ganuwar suna gina domin su samar da wata Silinda, da hasumiyar ne mazugi. A 1544 ta gudanar da modernization - karfafa tushe plaster rufe facades, da ciki nassi cire da kuma gina da waje, daga arewa. Lokacin da yaki ya barke tsakanin Turks da Dogayen sanda a 1672-1676 gg., The hasumiya da aka mai tsanani lalace. A baya can, shi ne yafi hakan, amma yau ba za mu iya ganin kawai 22 m na rufinta.

ban sha'awa gine-gine

An muhimmiyar rawa aka buga da hasumiyar gidan tęczyński, wanda aka gina a farkon XV karni, a tare da tare da ta bude ga isowa daga gidan tęczyński J. Krakow, wadda ke da alhakin da dace aiki na kufaifan, kazalika ga jami'an tsaro na kasancewa a cikin shi.

Yana da wani ban sha'awa wuri na wannan gini - shi ne kashi uku ke bayan iyakoki na Old Castle. Saboda haka, yi da aminci shi ne mafi girma a cikin XVIII karni, da hasumiya barci a kan na huɗu bene. Yanzu ta fito zuwa 21 mita.

A karo na hudu matsayi na ƙofar aka located rungumi hasumiyar da hudu-Silinda engine, wanda aka gina a cikin farkon XV karni. Yana Stores tamanin da bishops. Kwanciya fari. Akwai Latin rubutu, wanda ke cewa a gaskiya aboki ne mafi wuya ga sami fiye da ganin Phoenix. The biyu bene na tsarin canja a 1544 Saboda wannan akwai wani bene cikin bangon, wanda aka rufe da farar ƙasa. A karo na hudu matakin aka yi amfani da soja dalilai. A halin yanzu hasumiya tsawo na 22.5 m.

Cikin tsofaffin gine-gine

A wajen yamma, akwai hasumiya Day, kusa da ƙofar ginin. Ta ke girmi dukan sauran mutane, kamar yadda aka kafa a cikin XII-XVI ƙarni. Yana yana da wani rectangular siffar da kuma da yawa daga loopholes. Saboda haka sanya idanu domin dabarun dalilai. A saman superstructure shi aka yi da itace, wanda kuma zama a matsayin springboard ta hanyar abin da makamai da aka tsĩrar zuwa babba matakin da sabon hasumiya. An ban sha'awa, daki-daki ne cewa ginin yana da wani rufin.

Babbar Hasumiya da aka kafa a 1544, kuma shi ne mafi girma a kagara. Its kewaye yana da biyar fuskoki. Manufar kare - a lokacin fadan nan da aka kafa da makami. A 1672, da Turks da za'ayi wani fashewa, saboda wanda ginin sha wahala da tsanani lalacewa, da kuma castle da mika wuya.

Duk abin da aka bayyana - shi ne kawai mafi muhimmanci da maki. A gaskiya ma, Kamenetz-Podolsk sansanin soja grandiose, kuma akwai wasu karin ban sha'awa abubuwa.