Kankare - menene wannan? Mene ne kankare azuzuwan suna can?

Kankare - wani wucin gadi dutse abu domin ginin da aka samu ta hanyar gyare-gyaren da solidifying yadda ya kamata a zabi cakuda hada da sumunti, ruwa, da kuma lafiya da kuma m fillers. Duk wannan yana jurewa da wani m hatimi. A wasu lokuta, musamman Additives aka yi amfani, da kuma lõkacin da ta je Kwalta kankare, da ruwa da ba a amfani.

aka gyara

Inherently kankare - cakuda ciminti da ruwa, a sakamakon dauki tsakanin ciminti dutse wanda aka kafa, hade guda monolith hatsi fillers amfani. Tsari da kuma kaddarorin kankare dogara ne a kan wadannan abubuwa. Sun canja ta digiri na porosity, da mayar da martani ga tasirin danniya, da magance lokaci da kuma muhimmanci rage da nakasawa na kankare a kan aiwatar da solidification. Kankare ya zama babban gini kayan amfani a dukkan fannoni saboda gaskiyar cewa samar da isasshe damar domin samar garwayayye tare da daban-daban Properties da Bugu da kari daban-daban fillers. Yana da wadannan halaye, da kuma shi ya bude haka m applicability.

Kankare - wani m kaya tare da wani babban mataki na wuta juriya, ta yawa, karko da kuma sauran halaye za a iya canza ta wajen ba shi da wani takamaiman Properties. Tare da ta dace da aiki da cakuda iya samar da ake so siffar tsarin da gine-gine da kayayyakin da kuma tsarin makanikai.

A kadan tarihi

Kamar yadda wani wucin gadi gini abu, kunsha ruwa, fillers da ciminti kankare aka sani daga tsufa. Fiye da dubu bakwai da suka wuce da shi da aka yi amfani da don gina mazaunan ƙasar Bagadaza gona da gine-gine da gidaje. Mun yi amfani da shi, kuma da magina na Great Pyramids. Romawa kankare yi da aka tura zuwa wani sabon matakin - suka bar ba kawai harsãshin gine-gine, amma kuma ya duka tubalan na kankare gine-gine. Design fasali na Roman hanyoyi, domes, arches da benaye da wannan abu da kuma a yanzu ba a rasa su muhimmanci. Duk da haka, a tsakiyar zamanai, Roman kankare masana'antu da fasaha da aka irretrievably rasa.

Hakika, da haihuwa kankare - ba abu guda kamar yadda na zamani. Its Babban bambancin shi ne, a cikin abun da ke ciki, a lokacin akwai wani sumunti. Kamar yadda m amfani gypsum, lemun tsami ko lãka.

halaye na

da ƙarfin kankare - shi ne mafi muhimmanci halayyar cewa yana da tasiri kai tsaye a kan yi sigogi na kayan. A karkashin wannan ra'ayi dauka don nufi da kankare ikon yin tsayayya m kafofin watsa labarai da kuma na waje inji sojojin. Wannan darajar da aka ƙaddara da kula da hanyoyin: ultrasonic kuma inji. A Gost 18105-86 kayyade dokoki gwajin kankare ƙarfi a lankwasawa, tashin hankali da kuma matsawa. Daya halayyar ne coefficient na bambancin, nuna uniformity daga cikin cakuda.

A daidai da Gost 10180-67 tabbatar da dalilin da tensile ƙarfin kankare aka samar a matsawa iko shigen sukari, da karankarman ƙirji ciwon size of 200 mm a kwanaki 28. Wannan irin aka kira shigen sukari ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari GOSTs amfani domin sanin da ƙarfi, kuma har yanzu SNiPy. Alal misali, m yanã fizge tufarsu ƙarfin kankare Tsarin karkashin unloaded kwance span tsawon 6 mita kamata a kalla 70% na zane ƙarfi, kuma da tsawon fiye da 6 mita - 80% na zane ƙarfi. A wannan yanayin, yana da muhimmanci karfin dukiya. Kamar yadda da halitta dutse, wannan abu ne mafi resistant zuwa matsawa, maimakon tashin hankali, saboda haka yana da matuƙar ƙarfin wannan nuna alama an zaba a matsayin babban rarrabẽwa.

Properties

Kankare - wani abu wanda ƙarfi ne halayyar, girma a sakamakon physico-sunadarai matakai na hulda tsakanin ciminti da ruwa, wanda gudanar da kyau a gumi da dumi yanayi. Yana da haka ya faru da cewa abu ne daskarewa ko bushe, wannan tsari da aka kammala. A baya can, bushewa ko misãlin tasiri barnatar a karshe halaye na kayan.

uniformity

A tare da tare da duk sauran abubuwan da uniformity ƙarfi dogara a kan inganci da abun ciki na amfani aggregates, musamman idan wasu daga cikin kaddarorin da karshen kada samar da ake bukata ƙarfin da kankare. Saboda haka, wannan wani zaɓi yana da nasaba da baya daya, ko da yake gwaji data nuna cewa wannan dangantaka shi ne ba ko da yaushe haka al'amarin. By kara homogeneity na kankare bayyana karin dama ga ta tasiri aikace-aikace.

uniformity index aka ƙaddara a sakamakon gwaje-gwaje da iko samfurori sanya daga kankare aiki tare da wasu da ake so Properties. Alal misali, a kan aiwatar da kirga da nuna alama gwajin sakamakon da aka rubuta a kan wannan size da kuma yanayi na ajiya na samfurori ravnovozrastnyh abu. Uniformity a waterproofness ne m da gwajin samfurori da kauri daya a karkashin yanayi na yin amfani da wannan hanyoyin.

yawa

Wannan kankare alama ne fairly rikitarwa, tun da shi dabam dangane da gyara an kara zuwa cakuda. Don ƙara da yawa daga cikin kankare za a iya amfani da pozzolan Portland sumunti, wanda yana faɗaɗa ko aluminous sumunti, ba kafa voids a lokacin solidification. Tasiri a kan wannan siga da kuma Additives, plasticisers, wanda sau da yawa inganta halaye na gama cakuda. Idan ciminti abun da ke ciki yayi dace STATE, sa'an nan da darajar ne a san yawa.

azuzuwan

A lokacin, akwai da dama iri. Hur kankare - wani abu yawa wanda shi ne 500-1800 kg / m ^3. Wannan aji hada da: kumfa kankare, kumbura lãka hur kankare, aerated kankare, salula, arbolit, perlite kuma vermiculite kankare. A irin wannan cakuda da hali iya aiki bayan magance ne quite kananan. Al'ada ko nauyi kankare, halin da yawa daga 1800-2500 kg / m ^3. A matsayin filler amfani a nan chippings, tsakuwa. Wannan irin da ake amfani a yi masana'antu, shi ne tabbatar da cewa an kara jure sa. Musamman nauyi kankare aji - wani abu da ciwon yawa fiye da 2500 kg / m ^3. Irin wannan cakuda da aka yi amfani da shiri na nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke, domin su suna da kaddarorin kariya da ionizing radiation.

sa na kankare

Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin halayyar da kayan. Nuna alama na compressive ƙarfi nuna juriya ga axial matsawa. Mark kankare game da tsawo nuna juriya ga axial tashin hankali iko samfurori. A nuna alama ya nuna yawan sanyi m thawing da daskarewa hawan keke. Brand kankare waterproofing nuna a da unilateral matsa lamba na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kankare ba zai zuba a cikin shakka daga na yau da kullum gwaji.

binciken

A lokacin da gina wani dalili dama bayani ne saya a shirye-gauraye kankare, kerarre a full yarda da jihar matsayin, saboda yana da wuya a cimma da ake so sakamakon a samar da kansa, kuma ba tare da musamman kayan aiki.