Kimiyya da bincike da kuma gudunmawar da adabi na Lomonosov

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov har abada tafi a tarihi a matsayin mai girma kawo canji na Rasha harshen da kuma shayari. Rasha adabi a cikin XVIII karni aka rinjayi da gagarumin canje-canje da suka zo da al'adu da kuma zamantakewa rai na kasar bayan da ya gyara aikinsa, Bitrus. MV Lomonosov bayyana a haihuwar sabon Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Ya - ba kawai mai girma masanin ya lokaci, amma kuma mafi kyau mawãƙi na zamanin. To, abin da yake da taimako na University a adabi? Ya rubuta ayyukan ƙwarai daban-daban nau'o'i: da labari, epigram, lyric shayari, satire, odes, bala'in. Amma shi ne ba kawai abin yabo a wannan.

A gyara daga cikin Rasha harshen

Sunan da muka yi na shirki University da kuma gyara daga cikin Rasha harshe. Ya halitta na farko kimiyya nahawu na Rasha. Aikinsa a kan uku styles, jigon wanda shi ne cewa coci-littafi shi ne m, kuma shi ne wani nau'i ne na birki, ya juyin juya halin Musulunci a lokacin. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa gudunmawar University a ci gaban wallafe-wallafe ba za a iya overestimated. Ya farko kira a samar da wani fili da kuma m harshe. Kuma ga cewa a aro mafi kyau na jama'a magana, kuma gabatar da wadannan abubuwa a cikin kayan zane. A cikin "Letter a kan dokoki na Rasha versification" (1739) ya ce da harshen kamata ci gaba a kan tushen da na halitta Properties, kuma ba aro abubuwa na maganar juna. Amma wannan kallo da matukar muhimmanci a cikin kwanaki, lokacin da Rasha harshen cika English sharuddan, Americanisms cewa kau da da mutuniyarsu harshen.

M. V. Lomonosov: wani taimako ga Rasha da harshen da kuma wallafe-wallafen

Harsuna, da kuma wallafe-wallafen - Science multifaceted. A cikin shakka daga karatunsu, da kuma shi ke mayar da hankali a kan style. Kuma a sa'an nan a gaske invaluable taimako ga wallafe-wallafen na Lomonosov. Ya nuna da yin amfani da low, matsakaici da kuma high style. Mene ne wannan? High style ya za a yi amfani da rubutu odes, kasidu, festive jawabai. Matsakaici - domin sada zumunci da haruffa. A low style aka shawarar a bayyana saba labaru, composing comedies, epigrams, songs. A wannan hanya da amfani jiyar da kuma prostonarechy. Saboda haka Mikhail daidaituwa a hade da haihuwa da kuma sabon cikin daya.

A jumlar da cewa Lomonosov sanya wani babban taimako ga ci gaban Rasha harshen da kuma adabi - shi ne ba kawai pathetic. Ya mallaki wani zurfin ilimi a fannin kimiyyar daidai, ya saba da yammacin Turai harsuna, Latin kuma Helenanci. Halitta talanti yarda Lomonosov don kafa harsashin ginin da Rasha kimiyya da fasaha terminology. Da shawara a cikin wannan yanki ne na bayar da muhimmanci a halin yanzu. Mun sau da yawa ba su ma lura da cewa da yawa daga cikin sharuddan kõma sama a kan ta shawarwari, ana amfani da shi yau. Alal misali, musamman nauyi, Duniya ta axis ... Yana da aka Michael V. gabatar da wani yawan kimiyya terminology kalmomi tare da talakawa yau da kullum ma'anar: da motsi na da barbashi, gwaje-gwajen. A hankali, wadannan sababbin abubuwa sun share tsohuwar terminology. Saboda haka babban sanannen Rasha masanin kimiyya aza harsashin ginin kimiyya harshe, ba tare da wanda zai zama da wuya ga sarrafa da kuma na zamani pundits, da kuma sauki townsfolk.

Aukuwa a fagen adabi halittar

Kuma yanzu bari mu koma zuwa ga babban batu na mu tattaunawar, da kuma tuna (da wasu iya kawai sani) abin da ya kasance da taimako na Jami'ar zuwa adabi ... Ba dole ne a ce cewa ya kammala yin gyare-gyare na versification da kuma goyon baya har ta da kansa ayyukan poetic salo.

Bugu da kari, da Lomonosov gudummawar da fitowan na classicism a Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Ya odes sai ya girmama Rasha nasara bisa abokan gabansu ( "Ode a kan shan na Khotin"). Amma su ma gabatar da kimiyya da kuma addini jigogi ( "Morning tunani a kan Divine girman"). Lomonosov ya by yanayi wani mawãƙi-jama'a. A cikin ayyukansu, ya nuna a fili kansa hali ga shayari. Michael V. waka Empress Elizabeth kamar yadda wani mai goyon bayan ilimi, maraba da natsuwa a matsayin garanti na ci gaban kimiyyar. Ya yabi da sake fasalin da Bitrus.

Kuma kamar yadda mawãƙi bayyana expanses of Mother Rasha, tekuna, da kõguna da gandun daji! Duk wadannan arziki dole ne Master da kuma sa su a cikin sabis na Power da mutane koya maza. Lomonosov yi ĩmãni da zurfi a cikin Rasha mutane. A cewar shi, da ikon da amfani da iko karya a cikin ci gaban da ainihin kimiyyar.

Multi-faceted hali

University gudunmawar da adabi - yana da wani sabon ayar size, da kuma sauran jawabin da abun ciki. A gaskiya ma, tare da wannan sabon zamanin ya fara a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Ya kamata a lura da cewa yayin da darajar Lomonosov ta aiki a wannan yanki, sun kasance ne kawai a gefen shi. Its main specialization ya kimiyya. A wannan yankin, da baiwa da wannan mutumin ya haifar da mafi girma da karfi. Kuma a kan wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu, ya duba kamar yadda mafi kyau nau'i na magana na neman sauyi ideas. Clematis amfani da irin siffofin shayari kamar yadda epigrams satirical, m ayar play. Lokacin da rashin nishaɗi adabi na lokaci ya play sa iskar da kuma wani lokacin mutuncin zargi.

Works mai girma masanin kimiyya

Gargajiya ka'idar Lomonosov gabatar a cikin nascent Rasha adabi, inda shi mamaye dukan karni na sha takwas. Mikhailo Vasilyevich muhimmanci aiki a filin na Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen da kuma shayari ne: "Rasha Grammar" (1755-1757), "Maganganu a littafin coci amfani a Rasha harshen" (1757), "Letter a kan dokoki na Rasha versification" (1739). Don tantance da taimako na University a adabi da harshe, shi wajibi ne don fahimtar halin da ake ciki a wadda Rasha ya harshen a wannan lokaci. A zamanin d harafin farko ya kafa wani kaifi sãɓãwar tsakãninsu da wallafe-wallafen magana, harshe da kuma rai "littattafai." Wannan hali ya ci gaba bakwai ƙarni. Amma tare da Petra Velikogo sake fasalin bayyana tabas cakuda sabon abubuwa. Kawai Lomonosov, tare da baiwa, ya iya gina daga cikin hargitsi na siririn darajõji daga cikin sabon wallafe-wallafen harshen. A cikin nazarin Rasha nahawu Mikhail Vasilyevich farko tsara m kimiyya dokoki daidai fassara bambanci tsakanin adabi da kuma ecclesiastical harshe.

Summing up

Menene M. V. Lomonosov domin mu? Taimako ga Rasha da harshen da kuma wallafe-wallafen na pundit ne da gaske babbar, duk da haka, a matsayin nasarori a fagen daidai kimiyyar. Ya kumbura gab tsananin kayyade classicism poetics, ya nuna m hanyoyi na ci gaban Rasha shayari. Romantic kasida zai yi amfani da hanyoyin da a farkon karni na sha tara. Mikhail Vasilievich ya kafa na Ode, ɓullo da wani musamman poetic form ake bukata domin gabatar da babban m ideas.

Wannan abin da ya da taimako na University a Rasha wallafe-wallafe.