Kunstkamera a Saint Petersburg: Museum

Kunstkamera a St. Petersburg (full name -. Museum of Anthropology da Ethnography mai suna bayan Petra Velikogo, Rasha Academy of Sciences) da aka kafa da Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus da Great a St. Petersburg. Yana bude a 1714.

Fiye da miliyan kayayyakin gargajiya da aka tattara a cikin Kunstkammer a wannan lokacin, amma 'yan dubun ko daruruwan gidan kayan gargajiya na curiosities da suke kunshe a cikin nuni, aka kawo ta Peter girma daga tafiyarka a Ingila da kuma Holland, wanda da sarki aikata a 1698. Tafiya kasashen waje sarki ziyarci gidajen tarihi, ganin darajarsa "ƙwarai m" tarin rarities kuma a karshen, na yanke shawarar tabbatar a Rasha kama da Rasha mutane. Kore ta wannan ra'ayin, Bitrus, suka fara sayen rare abubuwa, tsohon littattafai, da makamai, kayan aiki, kayan aiki - duk abin da zai iya zama abin mamaki. Babbar tarin aka kawo Moscow, a fadar sarki. Saboda haka akwai curiosities - na farko Rasha gidan kayan gargajiya.

labarin

Dabam tattara likita ilimin Halittar Jiki rarities kiyaye su a cikin barasa freaks jariri, wasu shaida na halitta anomalies, abubuwa na zamanin d rai da rai na zamanin d mutane. Daruruwan musamman farfado kafa tushen "curiosities hukuma" na Rasha Tsar. Majami'un na Moscow mazaunin Peter yanzu ba a housed farfado daga ko'ina cikin duniya wanda ya aika da manzanni, ya aiko fitar don bincika da kuma sayan ban mamaki abubuwa. A sa'an nan ya yanke shawarar gudanar da taskarsu, "da sarki ofishin" a St. Petersburg da kuma gina wani gini na musamman ga Kunstkammer. The tafi da aka sanya a cikin 1714, duk da farfado an dan lokaci a sanya a cikin Summer Palace. Kuma a lokacin da a fādar da aka cika cunkus, mafi yawansu ba su sanya shi a cikin gidan Boyar Kikin - abin da ake kira kikinskie majalisar. An sa'an nan kuma ya yanke shawarar gina nasa gidan kayan gargajiya gini, da wuri zaba domin ta yi a tip na Vasilyevsky Island, a gaban Winter Palace, wanda aka located a cikin hermitage.

Fara na yi

Peter Construction na gidan kayan gargajiya da aka fara a 1718, kuma tsawon game da shekara ashirin. By lokacin da mutuwa na sarki - a 1725 - muna da ya gina wani bango kawai. The m ya Johann Georg Mattarnovi wanda Ya halitta aikin a cikin Baroque style da aka gina sama zuwa 1719. Bayan mutuwarsa, ta ci gaba da gina Nicholas Gerbel. A 1724 Gaetano Kiaveri dauki ofishin m. A 1726 a cikin ginin da gidan kayan gargajiya ya fara shigo da farfado.

tsarin

Biyu uku-storey gini na gidan kayan gargajiya suna da alaka zuwa tiered hasumiyar da Baroque Dome. The farfado zauna dukan gabas reshe na hadaddun, located a yammacin Rasha Academy of Sciences, wani talakawan gidaje ne daga ilimin Halittar Jiki gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma aka shirya Gottorp Globe da Observatory a kan shi, a cikin hasumiya da kanta. A 1830, da Museum of curiosities a Saint-Petersburg An zuwa kashi hudu raba Botanical, ethnographic, Zoological da mineralogical, kowanne daga abin da a wannan yanayin shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin manyan gidajen tarihi. Thematically curiosities kunshi takwas sassan:

• A tarihin Kunstkammer. Rasha kimiyya na XVIII karni.
• Ilimin Halittar Jiki sashe.
• Arewacin Amirka.
• Indiya da Indonesia.
• Japan.
• Sin da Mongolia.
• Afirka.
• Australia da kuma Oceania.

tarihi Kunstkamery

Museum of curiosities a St. Petersburg ya hada da uku nune-nunen: "Museum of M. V. Lomonosova", "astronomical Observatory na Academy of Sciences na St. Petersburg" da "Gottorp Globe-Planetarium". A nuni nuna farkon kwanaki na Kunstkammer, mai yawa bayanai kishin aiki na Jami'ar da kuma St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, da Observatory da kuma daidai lokacin da sabis, aka located a cikin tsakiyar hasumiyar gidan kayan gargajiya, kazalika da hadewa na al'ada line Petersburg Meridian. Permament show dakin taro na St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

ilimin Halittar Jiki sashe

Kunstkamera a St. Petersburg (photo gabatar a wannan labarin) yana da matukar ban sha'awa haltta sashe. A nan, wani babban nuna tattara daga mahaukaci rarities na halitta asalin :. Wannan ilimin Halittar Jiki musakai, misalai sirenomelia, Siamese tagwaye, Cyclops baby rago tare da shugabannin kasashen biyu, da dai sauransu The main nuni ya hada da tarin na Dutch anatomist Frederik Ruysch, wanda aka samu da Bitrus da Great ga wani babban Jimlar a 1717 shekara.

North America

Kunstkamera a St. Petersburg ne wani lãbãri kishin tsoho mutanen Arewacin Nahiyar Amirka - da Eskimos, Indians, Aleuts. A nuni ya hada da wani mahalli arewacin al'ummai, da m yi - allura annoba yaranga. Mazauninka Indiyawan nuna a cikin nau'i na wadannan lodges, tare da classic da kuma ba tare da canza launi. Har ila yau featuring kasa dress na zamanin d mazaunan North America, an sanya daga dabba konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, furs, gashinsa da kuma shuka zaruruwa.

Indiya da Indonesia

Mutanen kudancin Asiya suna wakilta a cikin Kunstkammer a duk da bambancin: a nan da kuma gida na zamanin d kabilu, da kuma dafa abinci kayayyakinsa, da kuma makamai da samar da abinci da kuma da wanda ya yi yãƙi. A matsayi na musamman na gidan makamai lãbãri India zauna a wasu hanya mai lankwasa rike da wuka, da ake kira "Kris" - mai tsanani, tausayi sanyi makamai, kama wani harshe daga harshen wuta. Amma mafi yawan farfado sashe tattaunawa game da zaman lafiya. Yadu gabatar gidan wasan kwaikwayo, aza a kan musamman veshalah haihuwa Theatrical kayayyaki ga maza da mata, nan da nan rataya Ƙasa. A takaice nesa ne a mataki na wasanni na wasan kwaikwayo na inuwa. Mutane da yawa kayayyakin gargajiya na sassaka itace kawo daga daban-daban India yankuna.

Japan

Household abubuwa da kuma Japan tsoho Ainu mutane inhabiting da Japan tsibirin a prehistoric sau, an gabatar a cikin sashe na kasar na Rising Sun ethnography. Da yawa da hankali ne ya biya zuwa Japan kafofin watsa labarai domin kama kifi da farauta. A nuni ƙunshi real kama kifi magance, m hooks, raga da kuma da dama tarkuna, suka zo wurin Kunstkammer na m sau, wasu daga cikin farfado fiye da 10 shekara dubu. Dabam nuna makamai da kuma makamai na Japan samurai. Kunstkamera a St. Petersburg ne samurai takuba "Katana", wanda ake hada da dada rike da wuka, "kusungobu" ga al'ada kunar bakin wake - harakiri. Akwai kuma mace na al'ada rike da wuka, don haka kananan cewa su ba su da bayyane ko a mace hannunka, amma duk da haka suka dauki mutuwa. Saboda haka da wuka ya isa mace na samurai kabila shãfe wuyansa, kuma ta mutuwa.

Sin da Mongolia

Kunstkamera - Museum, wanda ya gabatar da kasar Sin a matsayin kasar da discoverers ain, siliki da kuma gunpowder. Tsoho sets na lafiya china cika daukan hotuna. A nan, m kofuna da saucers, kofi tukwane da kuma sukari bowls. Jita-jita da aka tattara da kuma rarraba ta nobility sharudda kamar ain kofin sauki manomi da mai daraja matuƙa, daban-daban. A nuni buga sanannen Sin cloisonné, kayayyakin sanya daga kashi, dutse, da itace. Halitta siliki, saka da hannayen zamanin d masaƙa ya canza ba a kan ƙarni, shi ne har yanzu a matsayin m. A wuri na musamman a cikin nuni ne da wani madubi-hasken rana ruwa hita. Wannan na'urar ya kasance a kusan kowane Sin gida: yammancin duniya madubai, shirya don haka da cewa rana ta haskoki nuna daga cikin madubai, ya tattara a cikin wani cuta da kuma dakatar da mai tsanani sintali.

Kunstkamera a St. Petersburg ne Mongolian nuni, a cikin abin da babban nuna shi ne mai Yurt - nomad mazauninka wanda za a iya folded da kuma hawa zuwa wani wuri. Wadannan yurts sun bazuwar tun farkon XV karni. Na dogon katako, sanduna faruwa grating aiki a matsayin cibiya, sa'an nan slatted frame rufe da ji da kuma ligate igiyoyi. A Yurt aka kafa a irin wannan hanyar da gaban ƙofar fuskantar kudu. Wajen da garun daura da ƙofar, da aka dauke shi mai daraja, da kuma yawanci akwai zauna masoyi baƙi. Bugu da kari, na ciki sarari na Yurt zuwa kashi mace da namiji halves. A tsakiyar gida ya cibiyar, wani wuri dauke alfarma.

Makiyaya sau da yawa canza da wurin zama, ya wajaba su nemi wurin kiwo domin dabbobinku. Har ila yau nuna ne Mongolian noma aiwatarwa da doki saddles, harnesses da kuma bargo, ga dawakai.

Afirka

Kunstkamera - Museum, wanda shi ma yana da wani dakin kishin nahiyar Afrika. Yana gabatar da tarihin baki mutanen da suke rayuwa a 'yan ƙarni da suka wuce, a kudu da Hamadar Sahara. Akwai m da kayayyakin noma, katako, plows ja da shanu gaba buga yau da kullum abubuwa da artefacts, artfully sanya na katakon kanya.

Australia da kuma Oceania

Australian nuni kunshi yafi na kama kifi kaya da farauta kayan aiki, tare da abin da mazauni tãrãwa su rai. Mutane da yawa Australians sun kasance iri iri, da kuma na girbe lu'u-lu'u daga teku bene. Don yin wannan, suka yi musamman na'urorin, wanda ake ma wakilci a cikin nuni.

Kunstkamera a St. Petersburg, farfado ga wanda aka aiko daga ko'ina cikin duniya, kullum fadada su daukan hotuna.