Lissafi na wucin gadi lighting. Street lighting. Lissafi na samar da sarari lighting

A zamanin da, haske ya gane da mutane a matsayin sabon abu, wanda ta dogara da nufin mafi girma wanda yake a ... A yau shi ne ba wani asirin da yadda za ka iya sarrafa wannan radiation, abin da yake da asalinta, yadda za a lissafta da wucin gadi lighting.

Rashin haske haskoki sakamakon a wani gagarumin raguwa na dace, tabarbarewar kiwon lafiya da kuma rage yanayi. A wannan batun, lamari ne mai muhimmanci daidai da a yarda da kiwon lafiya da bukatun, jeri kuma dangane da lighting maras motsi. Domin m Enterprises zai saya makamashi-m kayan aiki domin na cikin gida, kazalika da ga ƙasa.

lighting yi

A zango zangon 380-780 nm a Tantancewar electromagnetic radiation bakan zama a bayyane. Yana za a iya halin da wadannan dabi'u:

1. luminous juyi (wannan ɓangare na Tantancewar radiation ana riskarsa da mutum, kamar yadda haske). A sashi ne na auna ne lumen. A cikin lissafin kira a matsayin F.

2. A ƙarfi daga cikin haske (da yawa daga cikin luminous juyi a cikin sarari kwance a cikin shugabanci na axis na m kwana). An denoted kamar yadda na, da aka auna a candelas.

3. A m kwana (wannan ɓangare na sarari, wanda aka shirya a ciki da conical surface). Auna a steradians. An nuna a cikin lissafi na W.

4. The haske nuna darajar da surface yawa daga cikin luminous juyi. Yana da wani alatu naúrar, kuma denoted E.

5. Haske ne surface karfi yawa katako surface wanda ya ta'allaka ne a cikin wannan shugabanci. Wannan ya kwarara da aka auna a candelas da murabba'in mita da kuma aka denoted ta L.

6. tsananin haske fihirisar (P) ne da mudu na tsananin haske lighting na'urorin.

7. illuminance ripple rarrabẽwa (K), auna a kashi, ake amfani da su tantance zumunta zurfin illuminance hawa da sauka.

8. nuna alama da rashin jin daɗi (M) da ake amfani da rarrabẽwa kimantawa na rashin jin daɗi da tsananin haske, wanda ya haddasa wani ji wata cũta daya ta idanu a lokacin da dakuna nonuniform haske aibobi a filin ra'ayi.

da aunawa kida

Daban-daban luxmeters amfani domin sanin illuminance. Alal misali, a naúrar "U-116" da ba ka damar yin lissafi da wannan siga generated Lagwani da kuma halitta haske. Light mita aka yi amfani don sarrafa lighting a da aikin noma, sufuri, masana'antu da kuma sauran filayen.

Don auna sauran yawa, kamar haske, da pulsation rabo, amfani da akwatin tilbijin na analog-dijital kida. Wani misali na su ne a zuciya rate duba-haske mita "Argus-07". Ka'idar da aiki - don canza luminous juyi cewa an generated Extended abubuwa, a ci gaba da sakonni na gwargwado ga illuminance. Bugu da ari, shi ne tuba a cikin wani dijital code cewa an nuna a kan lantarki scoreboard.

Iri lighting a samar

Idan dakin ne hasken kawai fitilu, bene fitilu, fitilu, watau wucin gadi haske, shi ne ake kira wucin gadi lighting. Wajibi ne a haifar da wani dadi aiki yanayi, da al'ada aiki na gine-gine da filaye. Yana za a iya raba da wadannan iri:

1. Working.
2. Tsaro.
3. Gaggawa.
4. House.

A farko da ake amfani da su haskaka ofisoshin, wuraren aiki a waje da gini. Na biyu da na hudu irin lighting ne kunshe a cikin wadanda ba kasuwanci hours, da kuma na uku Highlights da gaggawa kofofi, da daban-daban tsaro al'amurran. Wucin gadi lighting iya zama na kowa, a cikin abin da fitilu aka shirya gaba ɗaya a cikin sama yanki na ofishin, ko a hade. A karo na biyu idan jimlar kara gida lighting cewa an halicci fitilu located kusa da wurin aiki.

A gaba irin na masana'antu lighting ne na halitta. A nan, kuma, akwai da dama iri: kaikaice, saman, a hade. Farko - wannan shi ne lokacin da hasken rana ya shiga cikin dakin, ta hanyar skylights a waje katangu. A na biyu da hasken da zai ratsa cikin takware a cikin ganuwar a wuraren sauke tsawo daga cikin gini ko da hasken wuta. The uku irin hadawa da babba da kuma gefen lighting. Wannan irin lighting ne musamman zama dole a cikin gabatarwa tare da m kasancewar wani babban adadin mutane.

Hada irin lighting ne mai hade da na halitta da kuma wucin gadi. Ana amfani da a lokuta na musamman a lokacin da ake aikin yi daga na farko zuwa na uku matakin, idan ya cancanta sarari-shiryawa mafita domin gina ko a lokacin da fasaha da tattalin arziki yiwuwa aka tabbatar da lissafin.

Norms iri lighting

A saituna na sigogi nagartacce bukatar dõgara a kan SNP "Halitta da wucin gadi lighting." Kamar wancan Inganta haske kayyade ta m halatta matakin dangane da halaye da kuma irin aikin yi da na gani (RR). Akwai iri uku LR:

1. A farko ya hada da ayyuka a cikin abin da ba lallai ba ne su yi amfani da na gani na'urorin. rarrabe abu a cikin wannan harka iya zama a daban-daban nisa daga ido.
2. Na biyu damar yin amfani da Tantancewar na'urorin yayin yin aiki. A dalilin ne sosai kananan size daga cikin abu, wanda ba a gane ta da ido.
3. The uku ya hada da aiki wanda wajibi ne a sami bayanai daga allon. Domin irin wannan musamman bukatun zartar da lighting na kungiyar.

A bayan amincewarsa da SNP "Halitta da kuma wucin gadi haske" ne da wadannan halaye na gani ayyukansu ba tare da yin amfani da kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta sallama subclass. A farko da aka kafa saboda girman nuna bambanci abu, da kuma na biyu - a hade da lightness da bambanci da bango abu da nuna bambanci. Ga kowane bisa al'ada luminance halaye, luminance bangaren, da pulsation rabo da su lissafi hanyoyin na wucin gadi haske.

Idan halitta haske a cikin dakin ko kuma a hade, sa'an nan RR sallama coefficient ne halitta haske. Shi ne rabo na halitta haske zuwa ga sa darajar da matsanancin tsaye haske, wanda halitta wani bude sararin sama haske.

Lokacin da na halitta haske ne a gefen kuma a daya-hanya, akwai wani m darajar Keo a wani batu wanda yake a rarrabawa a tsaye jirgin sama giciye sashe yankunan da matukar aikin surface a nesa na 1 m daga bangon, ayi mafi nisa daga haske apertures. Idan babba ko a hade haske, sa'an nan da lissafi daukan da talakawan tamanin da coefficient a maki located a rarrabawa a tsaye lebur jirgin sama sashe da kuma aiki surface.

Lissafi na wucin gadi lighting

A farko abu a kan selection na da irin haske Madogararsa ne a kan wannan batun. Haka ma wajibi ne don sanin da haske tsarin da kuma yarda. Na biyu abu zai kasance da jeri na ofishin da aka zaba luminaire da lissafi na illuminance a wasu maki. Kuma a karshe, na karshe nufi shi ne definition of guda fitilar iko. Selection daga cikin haske Madogararsa aka gudanar da wadannan mulki: ingantaccen sallama fitilu suna amfani da yanayin da yanayin zafi sama da goma digiri, tare da babban bukatun ga ingancin launi ma'ana daidai da wani kadan mataki na rauni. Idan ofishin ne ba halitta haske da kuma aiwatar da m aikin, yi amfani da mai kyalli lighting. Idan kana so ka yi amfani da yin lissafi da LED lighting, shi ya kamata a tuna da nan cewa fitilu na irin wannan ne ba stroboscopic sakamako, cewa shi ne, hasken ne m. Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci yin lissafi da daidai pulsation kudi don kauce wa high haske.

A kayyade lighting tsarin dole ne ya yi la'akari da kudin-tasiri na hada haske tsarin, kazalika da ta kiwon lafiya (uniformity da kuma kwarjinin da haske juyi). A lokacin da a ofishin kayan aiki ne m, nema sarrafa lighting. By da definition da irin fitila ya kamata a kusata game da dokoki na waste daga haske a fagen view of ma'aikata, kazalika dangane da yanayin iska yanayi.

Domin a bayarda rarraba hasken generated lighting makirci. Shi ne na dama iri: sauki (a haɗa a kananan yawan fitilu da alaka da daya kewaye wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi), wani mai zaɓin (dangane biyu m kungiyoyin na haske kafofin ake sarrafawa a daya batu), guda biyu-directional (kunna da kashe ne da za'ayi daga maki biyu), da commutator (sarrafawa da biyu sauya a biyu kwatance, kuma daya - a cikin shugabanci).

Lissafin lokuttan shagon lighting yana da la'akari da wadannan sigogi: tabbatar da dalilin da irin haske kafofin kuma luminaires, su kirgawa da kuma m rarraba a sarari, ya tabbatar da dalilin da ikon da ikon kewaye. Bugu da kari ga wadannan abubuwa, dole ne ka kula da iri na gani ayyukansu, muhalli da yanayi, da hanyar da aikin kayan aiki da aka located, yawan ma'aikata, gaggawa lighting.

Hanyar takamaiman ikon

Lissafi na wucin gadi lighting a cikin wannan hanya damar domin lissafi na kiyasta haske na masana'antu gabatarwa tare da uniform rarraba lighting maras motsi. A fitilar ikon da aka lasafta ta da dabara:

Pl = PyS / sq

Ina Py ne takamaiman ikon da fitilar, wanda yana da darajar a cikin kundayen. Power yawa ya dogara da irin da kuma jeri na fitilu kuma luminaires, siffofi da wani hasken sarari, kazalika da dakatar da tsawo. The darajar S nuna bene yanki da kuma sq - yawan shambura. Results yawanci taso keya zuwa mafi girma darajar.

Hanyar mai bayyanãwa juyi yin amfani factor ko

A cikin wannan hanya, muka lissafta samar da lighting lokacin da aikin surface haske an saita. A Hanyar ba m for sarrafa waje da na gida lighting, idan aiki saman ba a kwance, kazalika da ƙidãyar da mayar da hankali ga haske.

Lissafi ake yi bisa ga dabara:

F = En SZK / Nη

Ina F - ne mai bayyanãwa juyi. En - normability haske. S - bene yanki. N - yawan shambura. Z - ƙaramar wuta da rabo. K - mai aminci factor. η - yin amfani rabo daga haske haskoki fitilu.

Daga darajar da luminous juyi aka nuna a cikin fitilar, wanda zai iya bambanta daga dabara darajar a cikin kewayon daga -10 zuwa +20 kashi. Idan bambanci ne mafi girma daga cikin yarda da iyaka, da kayyade yawan luminaires.

Spot hanyar

Hanyar da suke amfani domin sanin haske haskoki fitilu a lokacin da nuna haske ne ba muhimmanci. A Hanyar da aka yi amfani a kowane wuri a cikin hasken surface da haske maras motsi. The hanyar dogara ne a kan rabo daga surface illuminance dogaro (E) wanda aka generated da wani batu haske Madogararsa, da nisa daga surface (r), da na kwana na abin da ya faru (a) da kuma haske tsanani (I):

E = I cos α / r ²

Lissafin lokuttan shagon lighting, musamman da lighting shigarwa hada da dama matakai:

1. Samun m bisa al'ada haske.

2. Selection na haske Madogararsa irin. Kayyade da irin maras motsi, da su jeri a kan shagon bene.

3. kadaici da iko da maki da mafi ƙasƙanci illuminance a cikin al'ada ofishin shirin.

4. A cikin iko da maki aka yi lissafin a kan al'ada haske. The m lissafi na lighting samar da makaman dogara ne a kan aya da kalla al'ada lighting.

5. Da reference alluna m haske da kuma ƙarin coefficients stock.

6. Nemo wani mai bayyanãwa juyi na fitilu. Bisa ga sakamakon tsince wani misali fitilar.

7. Ƙayyade da fitilar ikon, kuma dukan haske da kafuwa.

MISALI lighting lissafin ba da wadannan: matsala ba ga tsawo h = 4 m, mai aminci factor k = 1,5, ƙarin haske coefficient u = 1,2, Emin = bisa al'ada illuminance na 75 Lux. Wajibi ne a ayyana lighting aiki saman a ganuwar da HPA fitilu.

Tun da fitilu na da irin wannan zurfin haske rarraba, domin su λ = 1. A nisa tsakanin hasken da kafuwa zai kasance 4 m, kuma daga cikin matsananci lighting maras motsi zuwa ganuwar -. 1 m aka sanya a cikin shirin kula da maki A, B (magangara mafi ƙasƙanci luminance) da kuma lissafi da nisa daga gare su zuwa ga mafi kusa tsinkaya fitilu (d). A na gaba abu ne definition na wani matukar-haske da kuma gano da ma'ana tare da mafi ƙasƙanci haske. Kamar yadda lissafi da darajar da luminous juyi fitila, ta bambanci tare da misali darajar, kuma ma sami lighting.

Lissafi na jimlar lighting a lõkacin da aiki tare da kamfutoci

Lokacin da aiki ne alaka da ma'aikaci ta PC, dole ne ka cika da musamman sharudda shigarwa na lighting. A wannan yanayin, da ido ne fuskantar wani biyu kaya, kamar yadda tsinkayen nuna haske daga keyboard da takardun, kazalika kai tsaye daga allo.

A dakin ya zama na halitta da kuma wucin gadi lighting da coefficient Keo ba kasa da 1.2%. Wajibi ne cewa aiki surface da kwakwalwa da aka daidaitacce zuwa da gefen haske shigar azzakari cikin farji takware ga halitta haske. wucin gadi dakin lighting lissafi aka yi tare da girmamawa da sauran tsarin na uniform aukuwa haske. Direct blestkost iyakance ta haske kafofin (asubahin da windows, fitilu da sauran luminous saman ba fiye da 200 cd / m ^2), kuma da tunani ne sarrafawa ta hanyar da ta dace selection na fitilu kuma matsayi na aikin kujeru, dangane da kayan yau da kullum na haske (kwarjinin da tsananin haske a allon, ba fiye da 40 cd / m ^2).

Lokacin da wucin gadi haske kamar hasken kafofin bukatar yin amfani da mai kyalli da kuma m mai kyalli fitilu. Idan gabatarwa ne m, ko zamantakewa hali, yana yiwuwa su yi amfani da karfe halide fitilu. Maras motsi ya zama Louvres da diffusers.

Street lighting mafita

Street lighting yana da muhimmanci aiki na ha waje yankunan cikin wani mai jiwuwa dukan, taka rawar da mataimakin aminci da kuma fuskantarwa a sarari, kazalika da yin wani ado touch ga ado na gari. Lighting kayan aiki ga irin wannan lighting ya kamata a zabi dangane da halaye da kuma matsayi na abubuwa. Su za a iya kunna ta atomatik, ko da dispatcher. da dama iri titi lighting za a iya gano:

1. Ambaliyar. Jigon da Hanyar - shigar da niyya floodlights. Ana amfani da haske a cikin tsaro da kewaye yankunan.
2. Total. Wannan hanya ya hada da wani uniform rarraba fitilu na daya type. Shi ne manufa domin lighting hanyõyi, Parks, wuraren motsi mutane da kuma motoci.
3. Sa alama. Tare da irin wannan titi lighting maras motsi suna located tare sadaukar Lines da siffofi. Ana amfani da su haifar da gani contours, jaddada taimako, sanin da shugabanci na hanyoyi da kuma footpaths.