Little wucin gadi yanayin kasa akwatin kifaye. Ta yaya rufaffiyar yanayin kasa na akwatin kifaye?

A ra'ayi na wani yanayin kasa da aka yawanci amfani da na halitta abubuwan da sãɓãwar launukansa mawuyaci da size: da taiga, ko kananan gandun daji, teku, ko kananan kandami. Sun yi aiki wuya daidaita halitta tafiyar matakai. Akwai kuma nazarin halittu da tsarin da artificially. An misali ne akwatin kifaye yanayin kasa, da zama dole balance wanda yana kiyaye ta mutum.

Nau'in ta kunsa da su halaye

Yanayin kasa ne sa na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta na daban-daban irin a wannan yanki na Muciya, wanda suna da nasaba ba kawai a tsakãninsu amma kuma da aka gyara na matattun yanayi sake zagayowar na al'amarin, kuma makamashi canji. Yana iya zama halitta da kuma wucin gadi.

Halitta kunsa (gandun daji, grasslands, savannas, tabkuna, teku, da dai sauransu) ne kai-gudãnar tsarin. Artificial kunsa (agrocenosis, aquariums, da dai sauransu) an halitta da kuma kiyaye ta mutum.

A tsarin da yanayin kasa

A lafiyar qasa, wani yanayin kasa shi ne babban aikin naúrar. Ya kunshi da ba-rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a matsayin matsakaici da kuma gyara cewa yardatayya shafi juna Properties. Its tsarin, ko da kuwa ko da wani yanayin kasa na halitta kandami ko akwatin kifaye yanayin kasa da ya hada da wadannan aka gyara:

• Sarari - ajiye kwayoyin a cikin wani musamman nazarin halittu tsarin.
• Species - yawan nau'in halittu masu rai da rabo daga su lambobi.
• Community aka gyara: abiotic (matattun hali) da kuma biotic (kwayoyin - masu amfani da, kera da kuma hallaka).
• Tseren keke na al'amarin, kuma makamashi - wani muhimmin sharaɗi ne ga wanzuwar yanayin kasa.
• Da zaman lafiyar na yanayin kasa, wanda ya dogara a kan yawan nau'in halittu masu rai a cikinsa, kuma da tsawon da generated ikon haihuwarka.

Yi la'akari da misalin daya daga cikin nazarin halittu tsarin - akwatin kifaye. Artificial yanayin kasa ta hada da duk tsarin raka'a. A tank na wani size (sarari location) zaune a rayuwarku tsarin aka gyara (kifi, da shuke-shuke, kwayoyin). Da aka gyara ne ma ruwa, ƙasa, driftwood. Tankin kifi - rufaffiyar yanayin kasa, don haka da mazaunan suna tsari na wucin gadi yanayi kusa da na halitta. Me amfani da lighting, tun kome mai rai ba zai iya cikakken ci gaba da rayuwa ba tare da haske; thermoregulation - don kula da akai da yawan zafin jiki matakin. Aeration da tacewa - domin samar da oxygen a cikin ruwa da kuma m tsaftacewa.

bambance-bambance kunsa

A duban farko shi iya ze cewa akwatin kifaye yanayin kasa ne ba yawa daban-daban daga cikin halitta tafki. Bayan duk, akwatin kifaye kanta - shi ne wani nau'i ne na karamin kofi na rufaffiyar jiki na ruwa nufi don kiyaye da kiwo kifi da kuma shuke-shuke. Rayuwa a shi fitowa a irin wannan nazarin halittu tafiyar matakai. Kawai akwatin kifaye - a kananan wucin gadi yanayin kasa. A da shi da tasiri abiotic gyara (zafin jiki, haske, taurin na ruwa, PH , da sauransu) a kan biotic aka gyara adalci mutum. Ya kuma goyon bayan da akwatin kifaye tare da dukan zama dole harshen damo, tsowon lokacin da dogara sun fi mayar a kan kwarewa aquarist, da ikon sarrafa da ma'auni na muhalli. Duk da haka, ko da tare da kula dace, ta lokaci-lokaci da dama a cikin lalata, da kuma mutumin yana da haƙuri rike shi kuma a cikin na cikin gida kandami. Me ya sa wannan magana?

hanyar factor

akwatin kifaye yanayin kasa dogara a kan da shekaru da ruwa da muhalli. Yana wuce da matakai na samuwar, da na matasa, mafi ƙarfinsa, kuma ƙasƙanci. wani rashin daidaituwa a cikin al'ummar yanayin kasa jure 'yan shuke-shuke da kifi an daina haihuwa.

Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa da kuma darajar da akwatin kifaye. Daga iyãwarsa rayuwa dogara kai tsaye a kan muhalli. Shi ne kamar wani yanayin kasa a yanayi. An sani cewa ya fi girma da ƙarfi da tafki, da girma da ake bukata ma'auni keta kwanciyar hankali. A wani akwatin kifaye har zuwa 200 lita shi ne mai sauki ta samar da da mazauninsu kusa da na halitta, amma fiye da wuya a warware balance in da kansa inept ayyuka.

Aquariums kananan damar 30-40 lita bukatar yau da kullum da ruwa canje-canje. Cikin m iyaka ta canji na 1 / 3-1 / 5, za a iya girgiza ma'auni kwanciyar hankali, amma matsakaici aka mayar da 'yan kwanaki bayan nasu, amma iya karya da kafa balance in case of sauyawa daga duk ruwa.

A aquarist kamata ka sani cewa, kafa wani yanayin kasa, shi ne zama dole ya kula da wani ma'auni a cikin ta kadan baki.

muhalli tsarin model

Tankin kifi - kananan wucin gadi yanayin kasa, wanda tsari ne kadan daban-daban daga cikin halitta. Aka gyara daga cikin al'ummar yanayin kasa ne biotope da biocenosis. A akwatin kifaye inorganic halitta (biotope) ne ruwa, ƙasa, dũkiyõyinsu. Yana kuma ya hada da yawan sarari da ruwa-ruwa matsakaici, da motsi, da yawan zafin jiki, haske da kuma sauran sigogi. Dole Properties habitats aka halitta da kuma kiyaye ta mutum. Ya ciyar da mazaunan akwatin kifaye, kulawa da tsarki na kasar gona da ruwa. Game da shi da samar da wani tsarin yanayin kasa. A yanayi, shi ne rufaffiyar da kuma m.

abiotic dalilai

Halitta tara bambanta muhimmanci zurfi dangantaka da kuma karin dogaro da juna. A cikin gida kandami, su suna gudana ta mutum. Conventionally, da kuma a cikin gida kandami dukkanin rayayyun halittu an kira akwatin kifaye biocoenosis. Sun zauna da shi a wasu muhalli alkuki, da samar da wani jituwa mazauninsu. Sharadi gwargwado ga rayuwa don ƙirƙirar su dogara ne a kan abiotic dalilai - dace zazzabi, lighting da ruwa motsi.

Zafin jiki yanayin dogara a kan akwatin kifaye mazaunan. Tun da ko da qananan bambance-bambance da shi zai iya kai ga mutuwar wasu nau'in kifi, shi ne shawarar yin amfani da heaters tare da gina-in thermostat.

lighting yanayin wajibi ne ga al'ada aiki na duk aka gyara daga cikin akwatin kifaye yanayi. Light kafofin yawanci sanya sama da ruwa surface. A tsawon hasken rana ya bi photoperiod mazaunan a cikin halitta mai rai yanayi.

A yanayi, a tsaye ruwa ne mafi mobile saboda daukan hotuna zuwa ruwa, iska da kuma sauran disturbances. A cikin akwatin kifaye na bukatar akai wurare dabam dabam na ruwa. Yana aka samu da aeration ko share ruwa ta hanyar da tace.

The m wurare dabam dabam na ruwa samar tsaye juyawa a wani akwatin kifaye. Yana kuma aligns da acidity, ya hana wani m karu a redox yuwuwar a cikin kasa yadudduka.

Organic da inorganic mahadi

Ruwa, da iskan shaqa, da carbon dioxide, amino acid, nitrogen da phosphate gishiri, humic acid - asali kwayoyin ko inorganic fili, wanda su ma su abiotic muhalli abubuwa. Mafi yawansu ba su ta'allaka ne da kwayoyin kansu akwatin kifaye da kuma a cikin sediments.

Speed canja wurin bayanai gina jiki, a wani ruwa-ruwa bayani da aka bayar daga aiki da kuma samar da decomposers yanayin kasa. Organic nitrogen kasafi amfani da kwayoyin cuta, ta hanyar mayar da su a cikin sauki abubuwa wajibi ne ga assimilation da shuke-shuke. Organic mahadi wuce a cikin ma'adinai (inorganic) kuma samar saboda da daban-daban na kwayoyin.
Wadannan muhimmanci matakai dogara ne a kan zafin jiki na ruwa yanayin nuna alama na ta acidity, oxygen jikewa. Sun tsara da al'ada aiki na yanayin kasa.

Idan ka ƙirƙiri wani rufaffiyar yanayin kasa na akwatin kifaye da muhimmanci a san cewa liyafar da mazaunanta ya shirye, amma ba da cikakken daidaita, tun da yawa muhimmanci iri kwayoyin suna stabilized a cikin makonni biyu.

Yanayin kasa tsirar da keke na kwayoyin halitta a cikin akwatin kifaye

The mazaunan akwatin kifaye ba zai iya samar da cikakken sake zagayowar abubuwa. Ya bayyana wani bude kewaye tsakanin masu amfani da kuma kera. Wannan yana yuwuwa ta rufaffiyar akwatin kifaye yanayin kasa. Jatan lande, Shellfish, crustaceans (consuments) ci shuke-shuke (kera), amma babu daya da aka powered by masu amfani da kansu. A sarkar ne katse. A daidai wannan lokaci, wani sarkar na samar da kifi - bloodworms da sauran abinci - goyon artificially da mutum.

Ƙirƙiri yanayi na kula da ake bukata da dama a cikin akwatin kifaye daphnia da Cyclops don ciyar da kifaye quite wuya. Tun da wadannan kananan crustaceans, bi da bi, kuma bukatar abinci. Rayuwa sauki dogara a kan gaban kwayoyin abubuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Number of ciliates dole wuce adadin Shellfish, da karshen, bi da bi, dole ne a dauke a cikin wani ya fi girma rabo da kifi. Irin wannan auna a cikin wadata sarkar wuya a cimma a wannan sarari yanayi, kamar rufaffiyar tanki. Yanayin kasa ba da taimako zuwa ga goyon bayan gwada yawa Manuniya da muhalli dalilai a kan wasu matakan.

A halitta kunsa kowane irin daidaita dangane da wasu jinsunan. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da kansa alkuki, sanin da dangantaka tsakanin jinsuna. A rabbai na yara da ganima a cikin al'ummar yanayin kasa ne tsananin daidaita ci gaban. Irin wannan auna ba a samu a cikin irin wannan wuri aya kamar wani tanki. Artificial yanayin kasa na bukatar wani m selection na da mazaunanta. A muhalli alkuki na kifi, da shuke-shuke da ya dace, amma ba zoba juna. Suna zaba don haka da cewa su m bukatun da ake kira "sana'a" (masu amfani da, kera da kuma hallaka) ba su kasance don danne wasu.

Daidaita selection daga cikin mazaunan su "masu sana'a" a cikin model nadi na akwatin kifaye yanayin kasa ne m zuwa ta dogon lokaci kiwon lafiya.

"Address" mazaunan akwatin kifaye

Locality a wani tafki na kowane jinsin ma yana da babba darajar. All suna da samun dace tsari. Ba za ka iya oversaturate akwatin kifaye, ba kaskantar da sauran jinsunan. Saboda haka, iyo shuke-shuke, girma, da girma zoba haske kasa da algae, rashin mafaka a kasa da kuma wuraren kiwon for benthic nau'in kifi take kaiwa zuwa arangama da mutuwar da weaker dabbobi.

Yana da muhimmanci mu tuna cewa duk tsire-tsire da dabbobi suna kullum canja, wanda, daidai da, ba zai iya shafar su kewaye. Wajibi ne a saka idanu da hali na kifi, ba don overfeed su, kula da shuke-shuke, a yanka su rududdugaggu yankunan, wajen saka idanu da tsarki na gona.

Don adana da zaman lafiyar na yanayin kasa a cikin akwatin kifaye wajibi ne ga kowace ƙoƙari su tsoma baki tunani - baya wannan ma'auni m.