Lychakiv hurumi Lvov, Ukraine. Description, sanannen binne

Lviv - daya daga cikin mafi kyau birane na Ukraine, wanda a Bugu da kari ga mallakan da matsayi na al'adu babban birnin kasar shi ne daya daga cikin duniya al'adu ta UNESCO. Wannan musamman a cikin irin, birnin ne mai real al'adu taskar. Lalle ne m dutse mai daraja na kasa al'adu ne Lychakiv hurumi - daya daga cikin 'yan tsoho kaburbura cewa sun tsira a Turai.

Historical bayani na asalin

A cikin tsakiyar karni na 14th, birnin Lviv da aka mamaye da Polish sarki Casimir III. Wannan ya shafi image na birnin da suka fara canza hanzari. Girma birane kayayyakin more rayuwa: akwai taverns, kurkuku da wuraren kuma, ba shakka, makabartun.

A tsakiyar zamanai da aka dauke shi al'ada don ya binne matattu a tsattsarka ƙasa - a kusa da haikalin. Duk da haka, a kan lokaci da ya bayyana da cewa wannan unguwa kawo mai yawa matsaloli. Makabartun suna located a kusa da kusanci zuwa na zama yankunan, mun halitta mai yawa na barazana ga rayuwar dan Adam. Saboda haka, sa'an nan Sarkin sarakuna Joseph II a 1783, an yanke shawarar cire duk prihramovye binne a waje da birnin.

City Lions karya a cikin da dama na fadiwa, kuma Ya halitta, hudu makabartun. Mazauna na hudu rabo da cibiyar samu daya daga cikin tsofaffin makabartun a Lychakova.

Hurumi samu da hukuma matsayi a 1786, amma da binne a can sanya a baya. A cewar masana tarihi, ko da a cikin goma sha uku karni akwai binne mutanen da suka mutu a lokacin da annobar cutar.

Kamar yadda mazauna cibiyar ya fi mayar da birane Elite, shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa bayan wani lokaci makabartun zama babban necropolis birnin.

Asalin sunan

Makabartun da aka haka ya kira saboda yanki a cikinsa shi ne housed. Wannan bangare na Lviv da aka zaunar da shi a farkon a matsayin karni na sha biyar kuma an dauki a unguwar. Ta hanyar wadannan wurare a cikin waɗannan kwanaki sun tafiyar kan hanyar zuwa Konstantinoful. A hanya da aka mai suna Hlyniany domin shi ya haifar da garin daga lãka. Fara your gano daga Ƙofar sufi da aka located nan. Duk da haka, wani ɓangare na hanya aka kira Lychakivska godiya ga sunan gida alƙarya.

Commenting akan Asalin sunan "Lychakov" Malaman tarihi saba kamar yadda wa yau. Wasu yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne karkatacciyar version na Jamus Lyuttsengof samu daga sunan Jamus colonist Lutz, wanda da zarar ya rayu a cikin wadannan sassa. Wasu bi zuwa ga version cewa dalilin wannan sunan shi ne kalmar "Lychakov". A waɗannan kwanaki, don haka muka kira matalautan, wanda sa a wicker Bast (haushi daga wata itãciya) takalma.

A zamanin d sunan makale, kuma yanzu a Bugu da kari a cikin hurumi aka haka ya kira Lviv yankin, da shakatawa, da tashar da kuma daya daga cikin tituna.

Makabartun a cikin pre-neman sauyi lokaci

Tun lokacin da aka bude wannan wuri samunsa a asirce samu da wadataccen hali. Ga mu nemi su karshe kyaun wurin ƙailũla na Lviv da suka shahara: 'yan siyasa, masu kida, masu kasida, limaman, kwamandojin sojan kasar, da kuma kawai arziki mutane. A gaskiya, shi ne godiya ga kokarin da makabartun zama kamar gidan kayan gargajiya.

A 1856,} ananan hukumomi, ya yanke shawarar ennoble da ƙasa. Don yin wannan, mun an gayyace shahara a lokacin master of lambu art: K. Bauer da T. Thuzhevsky. A mayen sabobin tuba cikin hurumi, da samar da wani hanya a nan, lungu da kuri'a na greenery. Yanzu ya zama mafi kamar kyau shakatawa, da tsare su bambancinsa halitta kyakkyawa daga wadannan wurare.

Lychakiv necropolis A peculiar shahararsa ya zama haka babbar cewa shi ya fadada sau da yawa har sai da ta kai ga yanzu yanki - 42 kadada, rufe 86 filayen.

Daga baya, daga ciki daula na mutuwa gyara shakatawa aka canza kama zuwa wata flowering da lush lambu, inda za ka iya tafiya da kuma ji dadin m halittun da Masters Tadeusz Baronch da Leonard Marconi. A wuri na musamman a cikin zane na necropolis nasa ne a gidan Shimzerov, Lviv ba biyu ƙarnõni na sculptors Anton da Johann, kazalika da zũriyarsu Yuliana Markovskogo, sanannen marubucin "Barci a kan shimfiɗa," ya zama wani kasuwanci da katin na da hurumi. Akwai za ka iya sha'awan sanannen makoki daga Hartmann Witwer, ta hanyar wanda iyawa ta kafa siffar gravestones. Wasu daga cikin sculptures ake binne a nan.

Makabartun: Tatsũniyõyi

Crypts da makabarta, gravestones, kaburburan da suke a nan, ba kawai a irin tunatarwa na rayuwar mutane daban-daban, ko kuma duka da iyalansu, amma kuma gaya mai yawa da labaru.

Daya daga cikinsu shi ne labari na Jozef Bachevsk, wanda lokacin da yake rayuwa ya dauka kula da karshe kyaun wurin ƙailũla. Iyalinsa ya da karfi da kuma yanã shã ya zama shahararren godiya zuwa gare su ga dukan duniya. Special sha'anin nuna Józef Adam, sunansa ne da aka sani a cikin wannan filin na kasuwanci. Asali da ya je wa jana'izar a gaba da gina ɗakin sujada a kan ƙasa na Lychakiv hurumi da kuma umurni da ban sha'awa na'urar. Inji robot pohoronschik ba kawai ya kawo Józef a cikin hurumi, amma kuma da kansa ya sa shi a akwatin gawa.

Wani labarin ya shafi wani sabon abu dutsen kabari. Nan kan ko dai gefen kuma fasa na ƙwarai Dr. Jozef Ivanovich ya zaunar da biyu karnuka - Pluto da Nero. Da aminci ga ubangijinsu, kuma bayan mutuwarsa, sai suka zauna tare da shi zuwa hurumi. Akwai ganuwa zuwa ta fadin zane shafukan da wani ban sha'awa tarihi. Alal misali, a jarumi soja sojojin Frantsishke Zaremba, wanda tsere wa mutuwa a yakin da, ya rayu tsawon rai na 112 shekara.

Original katin Lychakiv hurumi sassaka zama da barci yarinya. Tare da wannan poetic headstone alaka m labarin. Yuzefa Markovskaya wanda aka nuna a nan ya mutu a 1877.

M da kuma kwatsam mutuwa sa mai yawa jita-jita. Akwai da dama versions. Daya daga cikin su ya ce Jozef an actress da vzhivshis a cikin rawa, ya mutu kawai a lokacin da farko. Na biyu - game unrequited soyayya wata yarinya wanda, bayan koyo game da kafircin mai ƙaunar daya, guba. The uku version ake dangantawa da matattu yara, Jozef. A tushen karo na hudu, shi ne Yaren mutanen Poland source, wanda yake ikirarin ya zama babban mutum da aka binne a nan - Stanislaw Zborowski.

Sanannen tarihi Figures binne a nan

Labaru, da dama, kuma Legends hade da yau don haka m wurare kamar makabartun. Wanda aka binne shi a nan daga sanannun mutane? Hakika, daga gare su, mafi shahararren Figures na al'adu, kimiyya da fasaha na Ukraine: sanannen mawaki kuma marubucin na "Vodogray" da "Red Rue" - Vladimir Ivasjuk. mawãƙi da jama'a adadi Ivan Franko. Osip Turyansky marubuta da kuma Mihail Rudnitsky. Masana kimiyya Vasily Maxim Levitsky kuma Music. tarihi Isidor Sharanevich da sauransu.

Har ila yau, a Bugu da kari ya compatriots a nan za a iya samu kaburbura na shahara Dogayen sanda suka rayu a cikin Lviv: marubucin na ban mamaki labaru na yara Marii Konopnitskoy, lissafi Stefan Banach, artist Arthur Grottgera, duniya-sanannen likita - Lyudovika Ridigera, Sigmund Gorgolewski - gine-gine na marubucin Lviv Opera House, da kuma da yawa wasu na kimiyya da fasaha.

hurumi tunawa gidaje

Musamman m ne babbar ƙasa na taro kaburbura. Makabartun (Lviv) ya ƙunshi dama sanannun tunawa gidaje, wadda aka sani da suna a ko'ina cikin duniya. Akwai da dama daga gare su:

• mai tunawa sadaukar da auku sojoji na Ukrainian National Army.
• Champ de Mars, inda karya binne kusan dubu huɗu Soviet sojojin da suka mutu a nan a lokacin yakin duniya na II.
• Lviv "eaglets", wani tunawa sadaukar da wadanda a nan a cikin shekaru na Ukrainian-Polish yaki na matasa mayakan-sandunan.
• 'Yan tawayen Hill - a wannan wuri ake binne mutanen da suka dauki bangare a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland tawaye a 1863.
• Kabarin, da binne 'yan'uwa mãtã na zuhudu domin.

Lviv hurumi "eaglets"

sabuntawa na binne matsalar da aka tattauna na dogon lokaci, kamar yadda a cikin Soviet lokaci (a 1971) da shi da aka kusan hallaka. Bayan Ukraine samu 'yancin kai, da Yaren mutanen Poland hukumomi sanya wani tsari don ƙirƙirar tunawa a nan, tanadi dabbanci halakar da almara binne wurin Yaren mutanen Poland "eaglets". Saboda haka muna kira da matasa Dogayen sanda, wanda ya dauki kashi a cikin tsaro na Lviv kuma suka yi jihãdi a nan a lokacin da na Yaren mutanen Poland-Ukrainian yaki. Wani sunan wannan binne - Lviv hurumi kare.

A shekarar 2005, da tunawa karshe an mayar, aka kaddamar tare da sa hannu na shuwagabannin da Ukraine da kuma Poland.

Ƙaddarãwar hurumi

A ƙasa na zamani Lychakiv hurumi ne babbar, amma duk da wannan, duk abin da shirya yadda ya kamata da kuma daidaituwa. Gaishe baƙi da capstan dutse shinge ƙofofi, waxanda suke da alaka ƙirƙira sanduna. Bypassing da shinge, za ka iya ganin kusa Monuments da chapels, wanda aka located a yankin kewaye da gaban yankin da kuma gefen lungu. A karshe bako tafi a cikin wata mai zurfi kore Parks, boyewa tombstones Masterpieces. Bugu da ari, tanã fita a kan kananan tudu, suna da alaka da babban zobe hanya, daga wanda reshe kashe a daban-daban kwatance da yawa lungu, shiga cikin dukan sasanninta na da hurumi.

Ziyartar makabarta

Kada zo nan - saboda haka kada ku gani daya daga cikin ban mamaki gani na birnin. Musamman tun shekara ta 1990 Lychakiv hurumi (Lviv) aka sanya da matsayi na tarihi da kuma al'adu gidan kayan gargajiya. Kamar yadda aka sani, irin mafi wuri zuwa ziyarci tare da wani mai shiryarwa. Da bukatar da gaban da karshen ne saboda dalilai da dama. Farko, da wata babbar yankin na hurumi, wanda da wuya a samu a kusa a cikin rana daya. Abu na biyu, za a samu damar ji ban sha'awa labaru na rayuwa da mutane binne a nan.

A ziyarar da hurumi - daga tara zuwa goma sha bakwai. Lovers of thrills gwamnati na gidan kayan gargajiya tayi shiryar da Tours da dare.

Yau, tafiya hukumomin bayar da sabis wa waɗanda takaice dai tafiye-tafiye zuwa ga birnin. Saba da ta jan hankali ciki har da sinimomi, gidajen tarihi, majami'u, kazalika da yawon shakatawa na makabartun.

samun akwai

Yau Lychakiv hurumi yanki maida hankali ne akan 42 kadada, shi ne ba abin mamaki ba cewa shi ne mai sauki samu rasa. Ko da mazaunan Lviv iya fariya da cewa da-daidaitacce a cikin 86 filayen a kan wanda makabartun yanzu located. Yadda za a samu a wannan ban sha'awa wuri, za a iya gaya da mazauna birnin suke son su amsa tambayoyi kamar baƙi. Samun a nan za mu iya tram № 7 ko 2, kafin kai Mechnikova preview. A wadannan ne in je ta ƙofar, gina a nan a 1875, kuma za ku ji samun dama hanyoyin. Akwai riga mai yawon shakatawa ya zabi ya sa, ko dai don neman taimako ga gwamnatin da kuma ajiyan yawon shakatawa ko mu jimre a kan nasu, tare da taimakon internet, maps da kuma sirri da zaɓin.

Makabartun - wani irin birni daga cikin matattu, wanda ke zaune ransa. Kamar mutane, wadannan wurare, ana haifuwarsu ne, girma da kuma mutuwa. Yana da rare samu irin wannan togiya kamar yadda wannan necropolis. Its tarihi ke mayar da fiye da karni biyu, da kuma maida hankali da rabo daga labaru, Legends da mu'ujizai, wani lokacin kusa da kafiri.