The Field of Mars. Field of Mars, Paris. Yankin Mars shine tarihin

A cikin manyan birane a duniya akwai yanki a ƙarƙashin sunan banza na filin Mars. Me ake nufi?

Ana kiran duk wadannan wurare don girmama Martius na Roma a zamanin d Roma, sabili da haka, don gane ma'anar magunguna masu yawa, ba za mu iya yin ba tare da zubar da hankali cikin tarihi ba. Bari mu gano inda wannan lamarin ya fito, wane irin ra'ayi da ya dauka a yanzu.

The Field of Mars: Tarihi

A zamanin d ¯ a, babu wanda zai iya shiga birnin da makamai. Amma yaya game da sojojin? A gaskiya, ita kanta ta gina garuruwa a waje da ganuwar. A gaskiya ma, waɗannan su ne garuruwan soja na gaskiya: banda ganuwar akwai asibitin, tarurruka na makamai, arsenal, filin don horo da horarwa. Duk wannan tare da ake kira wani harabar (harabar a Latin). Tun lokacin da sojoji ke ci gaba da sansani, an kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Allah na yaki, Mars. A Roma, wannan wuri ya kasance a gefen hagu na Tiber, yana zaune a ƙauyuka tsakanin duwatsu na Capitolius, Pincius da Quirinal. A tsakiyar harabar ya kafa wani bagadin ƙonawa ga gunkin Allah.

Bayan lokacin Tarquinive, musamman ma a lokacin marigayi Jamhuriyar, filin Mars ya canza matsayinsa da bayyanarsa. Ya fara tsara tarurruka na jama'a, wani lokacin ana gudanar da bincike na soja, wasanni na wasanni (watsi da gandun daji), har ma an yi hukuncin kisa. Kowace shekara, akwai bikin Equirium da tsalle da karusar karusai. Tun lokacin da filin ya yi girma, a lokaci guda, da dama abubuwan da suka faru sun faru a kansa, kuma masu yawa masu kallo zasu iya samun nishaɗi ga ƙaunar su.

Ƙarin ci gaba da filin Mars

Lokacin da Yulius Kaisar ya mallaki Roma, garin soja ya koma tsaunin Celio. Jama'a masu zaman lafiya na gari sun fara zama a Champs de Mars. Amma sunan yana kiyaye shi a cikin toponymy. Daga bisani, wannan babban tsauni ya fara fara ginawa. An gina gine-gine masu yawa masu ban sha'awa, misali, Pantheon. Tun lokacin da garin na asali na soja ya haɗa da kabari inda aka ajiye ragowar sojojin da aka fadi, daga bisani 'yan ƙasa sun ci gaba da girmama masu jaruntaka a wannan wuri, wanda aka gina Pantheon, wanda ke ƙawata filin Mars. Roma ta rasa babban wuri, amma yana ƙaunar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar wannan wuri mai daraja.

Sauran wurare da aka sadaukar da gagarumar jaruntaka

Ta hanyar kwatanta da "Martius Campus" a Roma, an fara kafa wurare irin wannan a wasu manyan biranen. Ya zama abin lura cewa asalin manufar su kamar ɗaya ne a cikin Ƙarshen Ƙarshe. Sun yi aikin sojan soja don yin rawar soja da kuma sake dubawa. Kuma bayan haka, bayan ƙarni bayan haka, sai suka fara zama abin tunawa ga daukaka ga jarumi da suka fadi ga mahaifar mahaifiyar.

A wasu garuruwa irin yankunan lit madawwamiyar wuta. A halin yanzu, a waɗannan wurare, ba a sāke gina bagadan Mars ba, amma sunan ya kasance. Zai yiwu, saboda akwai wata hanyar da ta dace. Saboda haka, gonakin da aka sadaukar da su ga Allah na yaƙi sun bayyana a cikin nesa sosai daga ƙasar Roma. A wace birni ne filin Mars? Paris, Athens, Nuremberg da kuma St. Petersburg. Mafi ban sha'awa, a tarihi da kuma yadda aka tsara, shine Champ de Mars a babban birnin kasar Faransa. Kuma mafi ilimi shine a garin Nuremberg na kasar Jamus.

Ƙasar ta Paris ta fara yin amfani da matakan soja

A 1751 , Sarkin Faransa , Louis XV da umarnin a yi a kan hagu banki na Seine soja makaranta. Don koyi cewa akwai wasu yara daga iyalan da ke cikin talauci (an san cewa ɗaya daga cikin 'yan gudun hijira a cikin wannan ma'aikata shine matasa Napoleon Bonaparte). Makarantar ta hade da wani nau'in ma'auni mai mahimmanci, wanda aka shirya domin aikin soja. A nan kuma sarki ya dauki kwalliya. Wannan fili kusa da Louvre an kira shi filin filin Mars.

Paris ta gamsu da wannan dandalin, wanda ya dace da tattara yawan mutane. Sun yi rantsuwa da kundin tsarin mulki na farko. Wasu abubuwan da suka faru na juyin juya halin Faransa na 1791 sun faru a wannan filin. An yi amfani da sararin da ba a kula da ita a tsakiyar gari ba saboda 'yan Paris ya yi amfani da su don bukatun daban-daban. A nan, ba kawai lokuta ba ne aka gudanar, amma har ma an fara gwaje-gwaje akan karfin sararin samaniya. A 1784, daga filin Mars, Blanchard, wani manzo ne a cikin wannan filin, ya hau cikin sama a kan hanya mai shiryarwa.

Ƙarin buƙata. Alamar mai girma

Masarautar Mars, wadda ta fi tazara ashirin da daya a kan Branan Embankment, ba kamar takwaransa na Roma ba, ba ta ƙare ba. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin garin na 1833-1860, sa'an nan kuma ya fara samun nune-nunen ci gaban kimiyya na duniya. To, a lõkacin Gyustav Eyfel ya Paris ta daftarin hasumiyar, an yanke shawarar gina shi kawai a Champs de Mars. Siffar kayan aiki na baƙin ƙarfe da aka haɗuwa a cikin lawns. Don dubawa da kuma hotunan Gidan Eiffel tare da Champ of Mars, miliyoyin 'yan yawon bude ido suna zuwa yanzu zuwa birnin. Tsarin yanayi na filin shine dutsen zinariya na Ƙananan Ƙira da Makarantar Soja. Saboda haka, 'yan Paris suna so su shirya hotunan a kan ƙwayar lawn, suna zuwa filin har ma da yamma tare da kyandir.

The Champ de Mars a Athens

Wannan abin tunawa a cikin harshen Hellenanci na yau da kullum ana kiranta shi ne (Pedion tu Areos). An gina shi a shekara ta 1934 domin ya girmama magoya bayan juyin juya halin kasa na 1821. Ta hanyar kwatanta da filin Faransanci na Mars, an ba da abin tunawa ga gunkin yaki - Areosu. Abin lura ne cewa ba za ku ga siffarsa a ko'ina ba, kuma hoton Athena Pallada ya zama abin tunawa da daraja. Ba kamar ƙwayar koreyar kasar Faransa ba, wannan abin tunawa shi ne wurin shakatawa. Tsarin microclimate na yankin kore a cikin birni (daga nan kawai kilomita zuwa Omonia Square) kamar haka a cikin rani zazzabi a nan akwai digiri biyu fiye da ko'ina a Athens. A gaban babban ƙofar akwai siffar Girkanci King Constantine I a kan doki. A cikin wurin shakatawa, banda magungunan jaridar juyin juya hali na ashirin da daya, akwai kuma kabari na Birtaniya, New Zealand da kuma Australian sojoji waɗanda suka mutu a yakin da Girka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

Tarihi na filin Mars a St. Petersburg

Shekaru bayan da aka kafa St. Petersburg, an gina filin Field Mars a wannan birni. Duk da haka, da farko an kira shi Poteshny, domin an gudanar da bukukuwa a ƙasar da ba a gina ba don Maslenitsa. An samo shi ne kawai a yammacin lambun lambun. A cikin karni na XVIII an fara kiran wannan wuri mai girma Lug.

Sunan, da kuma wurin zama aiki canza a lokacin da ya hau gadon sarautar da Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. An fara kiran filin da ake kira Tsaritsyn Meadow. A kan shi ya wuce bayanan soja da kuma hanyoyi. Kuma tun da yake a Rasha an yi wata al'ada a birnin Paris, a cikin shekarun XVIII-XIX aka yanke shawarar kira filin Tsaritsyn Lug da Mars. Bulus Na umarce ni in sanya wani ɓangare na sararin samaniya mai hanzari tare da grid-iron, don karya wurin shakatawa tare da lawns da alleys. A shekara ta 1801, ta hanyar umurni na wannan Sarkin, an gina wuraren tsabta ga manyan mashawartan Suvorov da Rumyantsev.

Canzawa daga makiyaya zuwa ɗakin

Yayin da shekaru suka wuce, Petersburg ya ci gaba, kuma tare da shi canje-canjen ya shafi filin Mars. An yi masa kayan ado biyu a wasu sassa na birnin. Saboda haka, abin tunawa ga kwamandan P. A. Rumyantsev ta wurin aikin gine-ginen V. F. Brenna ya koma cikin 1818 zuwa tsibirin Vasilievsky. Kuma a lokacin mulkin Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I, an kaddamar da hotunan babban filin-marshal. A yanzu yana da tsayayya da Trinity Bridge, kusa da Marble Palace da ɗakin Saltykov. A gaskiya ma, wannan kuma wani ɓangare na filin Tsaritsyn, wanda aka ware shi a wani wuri dabam, mai suna bayan filin Marshal.

Suvorov abin tunawa a kan Champ de Mars, a kan Moika, shi ne daraja ambata dabam. A cikin rukuni na Rasha, wannan shi ne farkon abin tunawa ga mutumin da ba ya daɗewa. Sculptor M.I. Kozlovsky, wanda ya yi aiki a kan abin tunawa a ƙarƙashin umurnin Bulus I a 1799-1800, bai kula dashi ba game da kamarar hoto tsakanin mutum-mutumi da asali. Wannan shi ne, a maimakon haka, wani haɗin kai, mai rikon kwarya na jagoran nasara. Abun tagulla ne a kan sashin kayan ado yana da tufafin gargajiya. A hannun damansa tana riƙe da takobi, a hannun hagu - garkuwa. Suvorov ya bayyana a gabanmu a cikin Mars, allahn yaki.

Conversion zuwa Tunawa da Tunawa da Girma

Bayan da filin Mars din ya ɓace duniyar manyan magabata biyu, babu wani abu da ya nuna halin da wannan wuri yake zuwa yakin da fadace-fadace. Duk da haka, sunan ya kasance. Saboda haka, lokacin da tambaya ta tashi daga inda za a binne mutanen da suka mutu a lokacin juyin juya halin juyin juya halin Musulunci na shekarar 1917, babu wani tsari: za a gina kabari a Champ de Mars. Daga bisani sai aka fara samo sababbin gawawwakin ma'aikatan da aka kashe a cikin yakin Yasravl a lokacin rani na 1918, masu halartar garkuwa da garin daga Yudenich, tare da mutuwar shugabanni na juyin juya halin Mr Uritsky, V. Volodarsky, 'yan bindigar Latvia da wasu. An ƙaddamar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwararruwa don buɗewa ta hanyar buɗewa. An gina gilashi mai launin toka da ruwan hoda. An bude lokacin da aka yi daidai da ranar tunawar Oktoba na Oktoba. Amma filin da kanta an sake sa wa wadanda aka yi wa juyin juya halin juyin juya hali.

Gidan nasara, wanda ya zama abin kunya

A watan Maris shekarar 1935, Nazi Jamus yanke shawarar saya nasu Champs de Mars. Wannan ya zama ba wani wuri ne kawai ba ne don motsa jiki da horarwa don sojojin Wehrmacht. An shirya shirin gudanar da majalisun jam'iyyun, kuma ya kamata a saki 'yanci daga' yanci da 'yan gurguzu da kuma mulkin mallaka. Don haka ya kamata a gina karni - mafi girma a Turai, filin Field Mars. Photos of wadanda shekaru nuna cewa kasaftawa zuwa ƙasa sarari daidai da girman da tamanin kwallon kafa filayen! A cikin wannan ruhu na gigantomania sun kasance tsaye, an tsara su ga masu kallo 250,000. Dole ne a kewaye da fagen wasan na gidan talabijin ashirin da hudu (goma sha ɗaya daga cikinsu wanda aka gina ta 1945), kuma mai suna Führer tribune ya kasance mai launi na gunkin allahn Victory Victory tare da sojoji. Kuma me ya zo daga wannan? Za mu ce kawai an yi yunkuri ne a Nuremberg, inda, kamar yadda ake sani, ana gudanar da sauraron kararrakin masu fascists da ake zargi da laifuffuka a kan bil'adama. Gaskiya ne!