Lymphoid nama da kuma da rawar a cikin 'yan adawa ga cututtuka

Kowace rana, jikin mutum yana zuwa magance shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin jikin wani iri-iri na kasashen waje da jamiái. Pathogenic microorganisms, ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi da parasites samun mu ta hanyar da ya lalace fata, narkewa kamar tsarin da mucous membranes na hanci da makogwaro da kuma haifar da cututtuka daban-daban. и в дословном переводе означает "освобождать от чего-нибудь") мы защищаемся от такого масштабного вторжения. Kuma kawai godiya ga kebantattun (da kalmar ya sami asali daga Latin immunitas kuma a zahiri tana nufin "yantar daga wani abu"), muna kare kanmu daga irin wannan babban-sikelin mamayewa. Babban muhimmanci da aka buga ta da lymphoid nama, wanda aka yada a ko'ina cikin jiki da kuma a total 1% by nauyi na dukan jiki. To, abin da yake da shi?

definition

Daya iri-iri na connective nama a cikinsa akwai wani tsarin na macrophages da lymphocytes, kira lymphoid. Yana za a iya wakilta a cikin nau'i na mutum gabobin, da kuma iya kawai zama aiki sashi na jiki. Lymphoid nama samu a gabobin kamar da bargo da kuma baƙin ciki, Lymph nodes kuma thymus. A cikinsu shi ne aiki parenchyma.

A mucosa wasu hukumomi ma samu taru na lymphoid nama - da bronchi, urinary fili, kodan, hanjinsu da sauransu.

ayyuka

A duk m dauki daga cikin tushe kashi daukan lymphoid nama. Ya ƙunshi lymphocytes, macrophages, kuma Harin jini Kwayoyin, mast Kwayoyin, da kuma farin jini Kwayoyin kare jiki daga invading waje Kwayoyin kuma tsaftace lalace Kwayoyin da kwayoyin. Domin samuwar Kwayoyin na rigakafi da tsarin alhakin Lymph nodes, thymus da nama (lymphoid) hanji.

Idan fata samun lalace ta da wani bacteria ko virus, mafi kusa da shafin na shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cikin Lymph kumburi, da kariya dauki kasaftawa sel da lymphoid jerin da macrophages, wanda aka koma tare da Lymph da jini a cikin ganewa na wuri "mai zuwa na baya." A taron na wani taro hari, a lokacin da sojojin na daya Lymph kumburi rike kasa, da dukan tsarin da aka sauya rigakafi.

tsarin

Lymphoid nama ne sau da yawa goyon a raga na reticular zaruruwa free Kwayoyin. A cibiyar sadarwa iya zama thicker abun da ke ciki (ulla wani lokacin farin ciki zane) ko sako-sako da (tare da sarari inda free Kwayoyin iya matsar da yardar kaina). A zaruruwa da kansu suke kafa daga irin III collagen.

tarawa sarari

A wuraren da mafi yiwuwa cewa dan hanya kwayoyin suna sanya manyan taru na lymphoid nama. Saba tonsils - lymphoid nama na pharynx aka sanya a kan iyakar da baka rami. Su pharyngeal, Palatine, bututu da kuma guttural. The tarin dukkan yankunan da tonsils da kuma lymphoid nama ne nasopharynx.

Its aiki ne da muhimmanci sosai ga lafiyar mu, domin kau da fadowa ta bakin da kuma hanci da microbes. Kuma tare da gawarwakin dake dauke da lymphoid nama damar da samuwar lambar da ake so na lymphocytes ga dukan kwayoyin.

Amma ba'a iyakance zuwa, lymphoid nama a cikin makogwaro interacts da endocrine gland (adrenal, thyroid, thymus, pancreas), forming dangantaka ta kusa, "da pituitary - adrenal bawo - lymphatic nama" ga yaro ta mafarki ba.

Mene ne hypertrophy

A yaro na uku a shekaru goma na iya ci gaba hypertrophy na lymphoid nama na tonsils, da kuma aiki da shi ba a karya. Kawai da farkon balaga hypertrophied nama fara raguwa.

Ban sani ba daidai da abin da ake da hannu a wannan tsari, amma da kwarewarsa, haddasawa - kumburi daga cikin makogwaro, ko da wani kamuwa da cuta, daban-daban endocrine cuta. Hypertrophy iya kai wa ga m inflammations ko pathological canje-canje a cikin kunnuwa, hanci, makogwaro.

Idan gaji da damuwa da hanci numfasawa, ya raunana iska. Daga baya shi take kaiwa zuwa canje-canje a cikin jini - haemoglobin da kuma ja jini cell count rage, farin jini Kwayoyin da karuwa a yawan. Next, fara karya saukar da narkewa kamar fili aiki, thyroid gland shine yake, adrenal gland. Take hakkin dukkan matakai take kaiwa zuwa wani bata lokaci ba, a ci gaba da kuma jima'i ci gaban da yaro.

Mene ne hyperplasia

Kalmar "hyperplasia" zo mana daga Girkanci harshe da nufin sverhobrazovanie. A da ginshikin ne Pathology a cikin abin da Kwayoyin fara hanzari ninka, kara girma na gangar jiki.

Amma hyperplasia na lymphoid nama - ba wata cuta amma wani alama. A mayar da martani da kwayoyin zuwa fitowan da kamuwa da cuta, ko kumburi a jikinsa. Azahiri, wannan shi ne musamman m a cikin Lymph nodes. Akwai iri uku hyperplasia na Lymph nodes:

1. Kamuwa. Na rigakafi da martani ga duk wani kamuwa da cuta da take kaiwa zuwa samar da lymphocytes da kuma macrophages a cikin azumi yanayin, wannan ya haddasa ci gaban da lymphoid nama.
2. Mai amsawa. Kwayoyin cutar da kuma germs samu shiga cikin Lymph kumburi, akwai tara su sharar kayayyakin, da gubobi secreted da su, haddasa, bi da bi, shi ne wani aiki selection macrophage Kwayoyin.
3. M. A wannan tsari, wani pathological Lymph kumburi Kwayoyin za a hannu, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani canji a cikin size, siffar da struktuy.

Lymphoid nama - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da aka gyara na rigakafi da tsarin na jikin mu. Yana taimakawa wajen hana da yawa cututtuka kafin samun cututtuka a ciki tare da abinci da kuma iska. Shi aikin sauran ayyuka, a inji wanda har karshen da ba a karatu.

Wani lokaci lymphoid nama zama inflamed, kuma akwai cututtuka irin appendicitis, tonsillitis da sauransu (dangane da nama sarrafawa na lymphoid). Sau da yawa sosai a cikin irin wannan hali, likitoci koma ga m hanyoyin da magani, a cikin wasu kalmomi, cire shafa yankin ko zuciya da sauransu. Tun da dukan ayyuka na lymphoid Tsarin ba su cikakken sani, ba shi yiwuwa gaba daya zuwa ga jayayya da cewa wannan kau ba ya cutar da jikin mutum.