The mutum kwarangwal ne mai tarin m Tsarin shirya kashi da ke cikin kwarangwal na sauran gyara na jikin mutum. Saboda haka a haɗe da ƙasũsuwa tendons haɗa ta tsokoki. Kwanyar da mutum thorax, pelvic yankin da kuma ciki kafa ta attaching tsokoki da ƙasũsuwa da fascia (connective nama membranes cewa rufe gabobin, jini da kuma jijiyoyi), suna da matabbata ga kayan ciki. Har ila yau, m kashi nama tabbatar da inji kariya da waje tsoma, da kuma innervation na tsokoki take kaiwa zuwa wani canji a cikin kasusuwa da kuma gidajen abinci na liba type, sa'an nan aiwatar da motsi na jikin mutum. Saboda da rigidity da kwanciyar hankali na dukan 'yan adam kwarangwal rike da nauyi da kuma kiwata shi sama da ƙasa.
A tsarin da kwarangwal
Domin saukaka nazarin kwarangwal yanaye kasu kashi 4 sassan: shugaban kwarangwal (kwanyar), da kwarangwal na gangar jikin, wanda ya hada da mutum thorax da kuma kashin baya, kazalika da kwarangwal na free manya da ƙananan extremities da belts. babba reshe abin ɗamara ya hada da ruwa da kuma karankarma, da kuma ƙananan zone - ƙasusuwan pelvic gidajen abinci.
A kashin baya mutum, bi da bi, yana da 5 rarrabuwa da kuma 4 lankwasawa: mahaifa, thoracic, lumbar, sacral da coccyx vertebrae gam. Saboda wadannan bends kashin baya daukan nau'i na Latin «S», da kuma saboda wannan tsarin da aka bayar a mike tafiya mutum da kuma rike ma'auni a lokacin motsi.
Tiyata da thoracic
Human thorax yana cikin siffar wani truncated dala da ke da wata halitta ganga ga zuciya da kuma babban tasoshi, huhu da trachea da bronchi, thymus, esophagus da mahara Lymph nodes. Its kashin ne 12 thoracic vertebrae, sternum, kuma a kewaye tsakanin 12 nau'i-nau'i daga hakarkarinsa. Bambance-bambance tsakanin da thoracic vertebrae ne kananan articular surface a kan gangara matakai, to wanda aka a haɗe haƙarƙari kawunansu. A farko - ta bakwai biyu daga hakarkarinsa ana gyarawa kai tsaye zuwa sternum, na takwas - goma biyu daga cartilaginous iyakar suna a haɗe zuwa guringuntsi overlying karankarman ƙirji da kuma iyakar da karshe biyu da nau'i-nau'i ne free. A musamman tsarin da mutum kirji, wato Semi-motsi gidajen abinci na hakarkarinsa da vertebrae da sternum guringuntsi, kuma goyan bayan da wani hadadden ligamentous na'ura, kyale shi ya fadada a lokacin inhalation da exhalation reflexively ji ƙyama a lokacin takara a numfashi ƙungiyoyi. Chest rami - wannan ilimin Halittar Jiki sarari located shiga cikin kirji da kasa na budewa delimited. Kamar yadda mutum thorax, yana da hudu ganuwar, wanda ke karfafa tsokoki da kuma fascia, forming ga karshe farji. Har ila yau a cikin ganuwar akwai mahara halitta takware ga nassi na jini da kuma lymphatic tasoshin da kuma na gefe jijiyoyi. Mutane da daban-daban kama daban-daban siffofin da kirji. Saboda haka, jiki tsari ne m da girma epigastric kwana fuskantarwa da karankarman ƙirji da nisa tsakanin su.