Kirov Sergey Mironovich: biography, iyali, fun facts

Wane ne Kirov Sergey Mironovich? A biography wannan mutumin ne cike da irin abubuwan da suka faru, wanda tarihi ya sa ya yiwu su sanya shi a kan wani wuri na musamman a tsakanin shugabannin jam'iyyar shugabancin Soviet zamanin. Ko da mutuwa shi ne hujjar farkon tsanani events cewa da'awar rayuwar fiye da dozin m mutane.

Kirov Sergey Mironovich: biography na matasa sauyi

S. M. Kirov aka haife 27 a kan Maris 1886 a Urzhum (a birnin a cikin Vyatka lardin) a cikin iyali na da sauki ma'aikata. Yaron da aka sani kawai da shekara takwas sa'ad da ya bar ba tare da iyaye: mahaifiyata mutu, ubana ya je wurin aiki, bace ba tare da wata alama. Kuma idan 'yan'uwa mãtã dauki Sergei zuwa kakarsa, to, shi ne ya aiko zuwa ga wani tsari na minors. Af, yayin da sunan wani nan gaba shugaban jam'iyyar ya Kostrikov. Kirov, ya zama yawa daga baya. Amma da farko abubuwan da farko.

Sergey Ros kaifin baki da kuma m-aiki yaro, da nazari, domin shi ba ya haifar da wani matsaloli. Tare da nasarar kammala digirinsa a cikin gidansa Ikklesiya Urzhum farko, sa'an nan a garin makaranta, yaro, ka ɗauke da shawarar malamansu, ya tafi Kazan, inda ya shiga cikin makanikai da kuma goyon baya promuchilische da kuma a 1904 ya sauke karatu brilliantly, shiga cikin biyar mafi kyau digiri.

A wannan shekara Kostrikov koma Tomsk kuma sami wani aiki a matsayin draftsman a majalisar dattawan gari, a cikin layi daya da ake horo a shiri Darussan Cibiyar Harkokin Fasaha. Amma shirya lumana gaba zo gaskiya ba fated.

Sergey, Ribar da juyin juya halin Musulunci ideas har yanzu a Kazan, koma Tomsk, maza maza ya zama wani aiki memba na RSDLP, jam'iyyar pseudonym Serge. A 1905 aka kama shi ga musharaka cikin zanga-zangar, amma a kurkuku, ya ba su zauna dogon. Bayan da a saki na gaba jam'iyyar taro, aka zabe shi da kwamitin na Tomsk RSDLP. Ya zama da Oganeza na anti-zangar da kuma rallies, forming yãƙi squads. A sakamakon haka, Sergei Kostrikova sake kama a 1906. Wannan lokaci ya aka aika zuwa kurkuku na tsawon shekaru shida.

Ya aka ci, amma ba a karya

A Yuni 1908 SM Kostrikov aka saki daga kurkuku, wanda, a matsayin sa ran, ya canza ya views a kan juyin juya halin Musulunci motsi. Duk da haka, wannan bai faru ba. Bayan barin kurkuku, ya ke faruwa a Irkutsk, inda bayan da sabuntawa na jam'iyyar kungiyar, kusan gaba daya hallaka 'yan sanda, sake fara aiki rayayye a cikin wani sauyi shugabanci biyu a cikin birnin, kuma a Novonikolaevsk (yanzu Novosibirsk). A May 1909 Serge, motsi daga 'yan sanda tsananta, aka tilasta su bar cikin kudancin kasar.

Aiki a Arewa Caucasus

A Vladikavkaz, ya aiki kafada da kafada da na gida yar jam'iyyar kadet jaridar "Terek", buga articles a kan irin abubuwan da ya samu a lokacin da hawan "Elbrus" da "Kazbek", barin wani nazari na Gudun a cikin birni gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A nan sai ya sadu da gaba biyu matarsa Maria Lvovna yakin Marcus.

A lokacin rani marigayi 1911 Kostrikova sake kama da tsohon harka kawo more a Tomsk. Ya aka tuhuma da shirya wani boye bugu latsa, amma laifin da aka taba tabbatar da haka. Kostrikov ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin "Terek", amma da zarar sake ba domin jawo hankali ga kansa, daukan laƙabin Kirov, wanda aka yi imanin sun kafa a cikin sunan Sarkin Farisa - Sairus. Daga wannan lokaci kan biography Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha kome ba musamman da aka ba wakilta. Ko da yake articles da aka rubuta da shi, kuma sau da yawa damning da gwamnatin, suna sosai mashahuri a cikin 'yan adawa shiryayye mutane.

Jam'iyyar aiki da kuma yakin basasa

Har da juyin juya halin (1917), S. M. Kirov musamman ba bayyana kanta, da kuma a lokacin da juyin mulki, bai kasance daga waɗanda ake tsanani shafi halin da ake ciki a kasar. Next Jump jam'iyyar biography Sergeya Mironovicha Kirova sanya kawai a 1919: ya aka nada a matsayin shugaban Revolutionary kwamitin Astrakhan. Daga wannan lokacin, shi ne quite m hawan sama da aiki tsani.

Da zarar karkashin jagorancin kai tsaye ya daidaita suppressed counter-neman sauyi tawaye a Astrakhan, harbe da gawa, aka kashe da kuma Lardi Mitrofan Bishop Leonty, Kirov zama memba na Revolutionary Soja Council na Sha Daya Red Army. Tun farkon 1919 Sergey Myronovych da Ordzhonikidze jagorancin farko na su raka'a a Arewa da ta Kudu Caucasus: Maris 30 da aka dauka Vladikavkaz, da kuma wata daya daga bisani (May 1) - Baku.

A karshen May 1920 Kirov nada izini wakili a Georgia, inda gwamnatin har yanzu mallakar Mensheviks. A farkon Oktoba na wannan shekara Sergei Myronovych gangarawa cikin Soviet tawagar tafiya zuwa Riga ga shiga wata yarjejeniya da sandunan, sa'an nan ya koma zuwa ga Arewa Caucasus, inda Caucasian shiga cikin sahu na RCP (b). A watan Maris 1921, a matsayin wakili zuwa Goma Congress na RCP (b), Kirov aka amince m memba na kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar.

A Afrilu 1921 Sergey Mironovich gorantar majalisa na Mountain ASSR (yanzu Arewa Ossetia). Kuma a watan Yuli wannan shekarar ya kuma an zabe sakataren TSKKP Azerbaijan. Ya zarar ya zama daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa na Transcaucasian SFSR (Disamba 1922). A watan Afrilu 1923, da wakilai na goma sha biyu Congress na RCP (b) dauki bangare a cikin Kirov TSKRKP (b). The shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Azerbaijan S. M. Kirov ya m zuwa Stalin, duk da cewa, a gaskiya, ya kasance a qananan adadi a cikin jam'iyyar matsayi. Ya aka gani ba, da an upstart, bai nemi mamaye babban matsayin da kuma a lokaci guda yana da wani real kyauta lallashewa, m kasuwanci acumen, amma kuma yana da wani suna na kyau kwarai da manajoji da m ɗan kura.

Kirov a Birnin Leningrad,

Good hali na Stalin zuwa Kirov zarar sa a nada a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar kungiyar a Birnin Leningrad. Its main haƙiƙa ya zuwa da sifilin tasiri a kan Leningrad gurguzu tsohon shugaban birnin jam'iyyar Grigory Zinoviev - da, maƙiyi daga Stalin. Kuma Kirov nasara, duk da cewa da shi, ko da kokarin amfani da hadin gwiwa tare da yar jam'iyyar kadet jarida. Sergey Myronovych ba kawai cimma cikakken iko a kan jam'iyyar kungiyar na gari, amma kuma ya zama ma'abũcin kusan Birnin Leningrad, iko kawai game da wani abu kuma ko da warware gidaje da kuma batutuwa na cikin gida. Ci gaba a gudanar da birnin a karshen sanya shi a manyan jam'iyyun siyasa adadi.

Duk da haka, akwai wani ban sha'awa Gaskiyar - Kirov Sergey Mironovich, ko da yake, da kuma iya isa ga wani mataki na iko a kasar, musamman ma bayan ya zama memba na Politburo TSKVKP (b) ba a amfani da shi, da kuma gaba ɗaya ya mayar da hankali ne kawai a kan al'amura na Leningrad. Wannan ya nuna cewa a farko wuri Kirov ne kawai sadaukarwa aiki, maimakon gina wani aiki. Duk da haka, ya da cikakken goyan bayan da manufofin da ya bi ta hanyar Stalin, cewa gaskiya haƙĩƙa dace. Domin Iosifa Vissarionovicha, ya kasance mai kyau, kuma mafi muhimmanci, abin dogara da goyon baya ba tare da "dutse a ƙirjinsa."

Amma iyalinsa bai yi aiki ba

Idan zamantakewa aiki duk kuwa da kyau, na sirri rayuwa Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha bai fito fili. A 1920, sai ya sadu da matarsa ta farko (ba data da aka ajiye a kan shi). A shekara daga baya, da suka yi wata yarinya - Eugene. Amma bala'i bugi - Kirov matarsa zama tsanani da rashin lafiya da kuma mutu nan da nan bayan.

Tafiyar da yaro shugabannin jam'iyya da bãbu wani lokaci - aiki a cikin rayuwarsa, ya kwashe duk lokacin, kuma Eugene Sergeevne Kostrikova ya maimaita makomar 'ya'yansa mahaifin - je zuwa makarantar kwana. Wannan ya faru bayan da iyayenta yanke shawarar danganta rayukansu tare da madugun budurwa - Maria Lvovna Marcus. The mace flatly ki yarda wani ya yaro. Saboda haka, Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha farko iyali ya ruguje gaba daya, da kuma na biyu daraja kira ya wuya sosai, kamar yadda akwai kawai Largus Kirov farka da yara, da ya yi ba da haihuwa ba.

Af, Evgeniya Sergeevna Kostrikova ya cancanci 'yar mahaifinta - Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha. Ban sha'awa facts daga ta biography ne, wata hujja bayyananniya daga gaskiya. A lokacin yakin da Nazi Jamus, shi ne kawai taba mace kwamandan, dukan tanki kamfanin ya a wani umurnin.

Ya aka kashe Kirov Sergey Mironovich?

An yi imani da cewa matan da suke Kirov rauni. Akwai jita-jita game da yawa romances tare da shahararrun actresses da Leningrad Bolshoi. Duk da haka, da bayanai, don tabbatar da wannan, ba samu ba. Na'am, kuma zai yiwu shege yara Kirov Sergei Mironavich kanta ma bai taba da'awar akalla shaida cewa akwai. Duk da haka, wanda version ya haɗu a kan mutuwarsa ya kasance mai soyayya al'amarinsu. A cewar wannan zato, a Kirov ina da wani wucewa al'amarinsu da fumfuna Draule - wani ma'aikaci na shiyya kwamitin. Mijinta, Leonid Nikolaev, tun koya game da shi, sai ya yanke shawarar hukunta abokin gaba, inda ya kashe shi.

Akwai wani version, a kan wanda Nicholas, kasancewa wani mutum na unbalanced da kuma karin gishiri burinsu, ya yanke shawarar saboda haka ya zama shahara da kuma sauka a tarihi, kamar yadda ya yi da kisan gillar da Alexander II. Kamar shi ko ba - ba su sani ba, amma gaskiyar da cewa shi da kansa ya bayar da umurnin da mutuwa irin wannan shahararren jam'iyyar adadi - wani indisputable gaskiya. Duk da yake jama'a cibiyoyin da tsanani kariya, don haka shi ne sauki Nikolayev, dauke da makamai a gun, don samun to Smolny, inda nan dake City Jam'iyyar Kwaminis. Kirov hadu a zauren na fada da tafi bayan shi, Nikolaev harbe shi a kai, bayan da ya yi kokarin kashe kansa, amma bai iya, aka rufe da mãgãgi.

Kirov ta kisa a matsayin hujjar danniya

Bayan da ake tsare da kuma tambaya da Nikolaev jerin, ya bayyana a gare bincikensa, da cewa da kisa yi shi kadai, kuma babu siyasa muradi a cikin laifi ba. Amma Stalin bai yarda da irin wannan sakamako, "mutãnensa" - a high-ranking siyasa, bai ba da ya mutu saboda haka wawa, sabili da haka, a kan mutuwarsa za a iya amfani to your amfani. Don yin wannan, shi kawai ya kamata an yi sallama, kamar yadda da aikin yanayi na 'yan adawa.

A ƙarshe, bayan jerin siyasa matakai na 17 mutane harbe, 80 suka tafi kurkuku, 30 - a cikin link. Dubban mutane da aka aiko daga Birnin Leningrad, kamar yadda unreliable. Af, da harbe-harben tawagar ya ba kawai Nikolaev, amma matarsa (da ake zargin farka daga Kirov) Milda Draule.

Haraji ga Kirov

Rashin tsoro Tribune na juyin juya hali, shi ne gaba ɗaya duqufar da jam'iyyar da kuma kasar, ba kawai jin dadin high daraja a cikin mutane, ya sosai ƙaunar da girmamawa a cikin tarayyar Soviet. A girmamawa garinsu Vyatka aka sake masa suna cikin Kirov (1934), da kuma Sergeyu Mironovichu Kirovu Monuments za a iya samu a wasu sassa na kasar. Binne "shugaba na Birnin Leningrad," a kusa da Kremlin bango a kan Red Square a Moscow.