Macrolides: jerin kwayoyi, da bayanin

A irin wannan kungiyar a matsayin macrolides, jerin kwayoyi high, na nuna cewa wani isasshen fadin warkewa aikace-aikace. Wadannan kwayoyi su ne aminci da ake amfani da su a da dama cututtuka na dauke da kwayar cutar yanayi, ciki har da wadanda ya sa ta kwayuka parasites da kwayoyin. Suna da amfani ga zalunta cututtuka na fata, da gidajen abinci, miciwa, ciki har da mashako da kuma ciwon huhu sãɓãwar launukansa mai tsanani.

A tsanani ciwon huhu ne ma amfani macrolides, jerin kayayyakin da ake kayyade a cikin misali magani ladabi. Duk da haka, suna dauke da bayanai game da bukatar mu hada shi da sauran antimicrobial jamiái. Mafi sau da yawa suna amfani da tare da cephalosporins. Wannan hade damar zuwa yardatayya da bunkasa tasiri na biyu kwayoyi ba tare da kara da yawan guba.

rarrabuwa na macrolides

A mafi m da kuma dace rarrabuwa na wannan kungiyar da kwayoyi ne a sinadaran. Yana nuna bambance-bambance a cikin tsari da kuma asalin da kungiyar na maganin rigakafi da ake kira "macrolides". A jerin kwayoyi da aka nuna a kasa, da kuma rarrabe kansu a kan al'amarin:

1. 14-membered macrolides:

• halitta asalin - erythromycin da oleandomycin.
• Semi - clarithromycin da roxithromycin, dirithromycin da fluritromitsin, telithromycin.

2. azalide (15-Immer) Macrolides: Azithromycin.

3. 16-membered macrolides:

• halitta asalin - midecamycin, spiramycin da dzhosamitsin.
• semisynthetic - midecamycin acetate.

Wannan rarrabuwa nuna ne kawai tsarin fasali na wani aji na kwayoyi. Jerin sunayen da aka ba cinikayya a kasa.

jerin kwayoyi

Macrolides - kwayoyi da jerin ne quite m. A cikin duka, kamar yadda na 2015 akwai 12 kwayoyi a cikin wannan aji. A yawan kayayyakin dauke da wadannan aiki sinadaran, shi ne yafi hakan. Da dama daga cikinsu za a iya samu a cikin kantin magani cibiyar sadarwa da kuma daukar mu bi da wani yawan cututtuka. Kuma wasu kwayoyi samuwa a cikin CIS, kamar yadda aka ba wa rajista, a Pharmacopoeia. Misalan cinikayya sunayen formulations dauke da macrolides, da wadannan:

• Erythromycin sau da yawa samar a cikin formulations na wannan sunan da aka hada a cikin hadaddun miyagun ƙwayoyi "Zener" da "Izotreksin".
• Oleandomycin - miyagun ƙwayoyi halitta "oletetrin".
• Clarithromycin: "Klabaks" da "Klarikar", "Klerimed" da "Klatsid", "Kleron" da "Lekoklar", "Pilobakt" da "Fromilid", "Ekozitrin" da "Erasid", "Zimbaktar" da "Arvitsin" "Kispar" da "Klarbakt", "Klaritrosin" da "Klaritsin", "Klasine" da "coaters", "Klerimed" da "Romiklar", "Seydon" da "CP Clara."
• Roxithromycin ne sau da yawa samu a cikin nau'i na Generic cinikayya sunan, kazalika da wani ɓangare na da wadannan kwayoyi: "Ksitrotsin" da "Romik," "Elroks" da "Rulitsin", "Esparoksi".
• Azithromycin: "azivok" da "Azidrop", "Azimitsin" da "Azitral", "Azitroks" da "Azitrus", "Zetamaks" da "Z-Factor", "Zitnob" da "Zitrolid", "Zitratsin" da "Sumaklid "" Sumamed "da" Sumamoks "," Sumatrolid "da" TREMAKS-Sanovel "," Hemomitsin "da" Ecomed "," safocid ".
• Midecamycin samuwa a matsayin magani "Macropen".
• Spiramycin ne samuwa kamar yadda "Rovamycinum" da "spiramycin Vero".
• Dirithromycin, fluritromitsin da telithromycin da dzhosamitsin ba samar a cikin CIS.

Ginshikai na mataki na macrolides

Wannan takamaiman pharmacological kungiyar - macrolides - exerts a bacteriostatic sakamako a kan salula mai saukin kamuwa pathogen cututtuka. Kawai a high yawa na iya samar da wani bactericidal sakamako, ko da yake wannan ya tabbatar da kawai a dakin gwaje-gwaje da karatu. The kawai inji na mataki na macrolides - wannan hanawa na gina jiki kira na kwayan cell. Wannan keta duk matakai na da muhimmanci ayyuka na virulent kwayoyin, haddasa shi ya mutu bayan wani lokaci.

braking inji na gina jiki kira hade tare da shiga cikin 50s-subunit na kwayan ribosomes. Su suke da alhakin gina up polypeptide sarkar DNA a lokacin kira. Kamar wancan ne gaji da damuwa da kira na tsarin sunadarai da virulence dalilai a kwayoyin. A wannan yanayin, shi ne babban bayani dalla-dalla ga kwayan ribosome sa da zumunta aminci macrolides ga jikin mutum.

Kwatanta macrolides da sauran azuzuwan na maganin rigakafi

Macrolides ne irin wannan a cikin dũkiyarsu da tetracyclines, amma mafi aminci. Ba su karya da ci gaban da kwarangwal na yaro. Kamar yadda da fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides (jerin kwayoyi ba bisa) na iya shiga cikin cell da kuma samar da warkewa yawa a cikin uku compartments na jiki. Wannan yana da muhimmanci a lura da Mycoplasma ciwon huhu, legionellosis, campylobacteriosis da chlamydial kamuwa da cuta. A wannan yanayin, macrolides - fluoroquinolones mafi aminci amma kasa tasiri.

All macrolides ne mafi guba fiye da penicillins, amma safest cikin sharuddan da alama na tasowa allergies. A wannan yanayin, penicillin maganin rigakafi ne aminci zakarun, amma iya sa allergies. Saboda haka, da ciwon irin bakan da antimicrobial aiki, macrolides iya maye gurbin aminopenicillins a cututtuka na numfashi tsarin. Haka kuma, dakin gwaje-gwaje karatu sun nuna cewa macrolides rage tasiri na penicillin a cikin hadin gwiwa m, ko da yake yanzu magani ladabi da damar su hade.

Macrolides a ciki da kuma jariri kula

Macrolides lafiya suke kwayoyi kan daidai da cephalosporins da penicillins. Wannan damar su yi amfani da lokacin daukar ciki da kuma a lura da yara. Ba su ta da tsari na raya kasa na kashi da guringuntsi kwarangwal, da teratogenic Properties. Kawai azithromycin ya kamata a iyakance a aikace-aikace a cikin na uku trimester ciki. A na yara far da penicillins da cephalosporins, kuma macrolides, da aka jera, a misali magani ladabi ga cututtuka, za a iya amfani ba tare da hadarin mai guba kwayoyin kashi.

A bayanin wasu macrolides

Macrolides (magunguna jerin muka nakalto a sama) a asibiti yi ne yadu amfani, ciki har da a CIS. Da aka fi amfani 4 na wakilin: clarithromycin da azithromycin, erythromycin da midecamycin. Da yawa kasa used spiramycin. macrolides dace ne game da wannan, ko da yake an samu a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. A musamman, clarithromycin, midecamycin, kuma a cimma asibiti sakamako dole ne a dauki sau biyu a rana, alhãli kuwa azithromycin aiki 24 hours. Daya kawai kullum gwamnati domin lura da cututtuka.

Erythromycin - wannan ne short dukkan macrolides. Ya kamata a dauka 4-6 a rana sau. Domin shi ne mafi sau da yawa amfani da wani gida nau'i domin lura da kuraje da kuma fata cututtuka. Abin lura shi ne cewa macrolides ne hadari ga yara, amma zai iya sa zawo.