Mafi Soviet firiji: alama halaye, bayanin

Ko a zamanin da mutane da shi ya bayyana cewa yin amfani da low zazzabi damar ci gaba da kayayyakin. Na dogon lokaci da kakanninmu amfani halitta kafofin na sanyi. Yana da aka kankara, wanda ya sadu a cikin sanyi weather, kuma aka aza a cikin rami ko cellars. A cikin wadannan wucin gadi glaciers kiyaye abinci, da kuma a lokacin rani. Saboda haka akwai mutane da yawa wayewar da suka yi irin wannan damar. Yawan zaune a wani zafi sauyin yanayi, da su yi aiki daban. Alal misali, Masarawa amfani for adana abinci na musamman tasoshin cika da ruwa, wadda aka sanyaya da dare.

Hakika, dukan wadannan hanyoyin sun kasance haka m cewa ba a yarda don samun isasshen sanyaya sakamako. Duk abin da ya canza kawai a farkon karni na 20th lokacin da aka ƙirƙira refrigeration naúrar. Wannan ban mamaki a cikin aiki da na'urar lokacin da ta zama ya samo asali ne daga wani ƙato naúrar cikin wani makawa mataimakin, wanda za a iya riga a iya samu a cikin kowane gida.

A farko Rasha ci gaba

Na'ura kyale su kwantar kayayyakin a kasar ta bayyana a farkon karni na 20th. A farko raka'a aka samar a lokacin da Tsarist tsarin mulki. A girma daga wadannan na'urorin da aka 100 lita, da kuma nauyi - 50 kg. Da girmansu sun daidaita 365h505h900 mm.

Wannan hukuma da aka yi da itace, yayin da shelves - Ya sanya daga galvanized karfe. The na'urar ya sanyaya da kayayyakin zuwa bakwai digiri a sama sifili. Duk da haka, samar da ci gaban refrigerators a Tsarist Rasha ba su sami. Yana hana barkewar yakin duniya na farko, da kuma bayan shi - a juyin juya halin. A lokacin yakin basasa, sa'an nan da collectivisation na refrigerators ba ko ya tuna.

Halitta a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Karkashin Soviet mulki, da cin raka'a don sanyaya kayayyakin fara kawai a cikin marigayi thirties karni na ashirin da. A farko Soviet firiji da aka saki a cikin 1937. Ya factory zama Kharkov Hoor Shuka (HTZ). Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa model na naúra HTZ-120 da aka mai suna.

Da farko Soviet firiji da wani ƙarfi na 120 l. Ya yi aiki tare da hermetic kwampreso kuma Ya halitta, a tsakiyar shiryayye daga debe uku digiri. A evaporator, shi ya ragu zuwa ashirin da digiri a kasa sifili. A cikin ciki na firiji akwai wani haske kwan fitila. Yana ta atomatik lokacin da kofa da aka bude. Girma na ƙurewar ɗaki ne daidai 755h455h380 mm. Da farko Soviet firiji da rufi na itace fiber. Its kauri ya 80 mm.

Gyara na'urorin don samar da ajiya kayayyakin inganta sauki. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa taro samar da wadannan farko refrigerators na Tarayyar Soviet da aka saki kawai a 1939. Daya shekara daga baya, da mabukaci kasuwar buga 3,500 raka'a. Duk da haka, kara ci gaba da na samar da refrigerators aka dakatar. Yana da aka katse da Great Patriotic War.

Wani irin refrigerators

Bugu da kari ga alama HTZ-120 wanda shi ne mai matsawa, kafin yaki da aka da ake ci gaba kayayyaki sha refrigerating na'ura. Bayan nazarin fito da samfur. Wannan Soviet firiji da wani amfani girma na 30 DM. Da yawan zafin jiki ya fadi a debe biyar digiri a cikin ɗakin kwanana, da kuma ikon amfani da aka 100 watts. Duk da haka, duk da nasara da gwaje-gwaje, an taba saki a samar saboda barkewar yaki.

A zaman majalisar na aiki a kan halittar firiji

A postwar lokaci da ci gaban sha Tsarin ci gaba da "Gazoaparat" factory. A sakamakon aikin yi Soviet firiji da irin wannan da aka sa a cikin taro samar. A rukunin farko na wadannan raka'a zo kashe taron layi a 1950, da girma daga cikin firiji jam'iyya "Gazoaparat" da ciwon guda sunan manufacturer, ya 45 lita.

Inganta ɓullo da na'urorin

Bayan da a saki na farko tsari na firiji shuka "Gazoaparat" ba su daina akwai. masana na sha'anin da aka ɓullo da kuma fito da a samar da ingantattun naúrar. Wannan firiji ya alama "Arewa", ciwon amfani girma na 65 lita jam'iyya. Dukansu model na refrigerators samar a shuka "Gazoaparat" da lantarki dumama.

Experience a cikin zane na na'urorin da cewa ba su ci gaba da abinci, kada je kada a gane. Yana da aka yi amfani da su aiki, da kuma wasu masana'antu don fara samar da iyali refrigerators sha irin. Saboda haka, daga Orenburg a kasuwannin kasar akwai raka'a "Orenburg". Velikoluksky shuka fara samar da refrigerators "Frost", da kuma Penza - na'urorin "Penza". Duk wadannan brands na Soviet refrigerators a babban bukatar a tsakanin yawan jama'a da kuma zama m mataimakansa a da yawa abincin na kasar.

Mark "Crystal"

A mafi m sha refrigerators samar a talatin kilomita daga birnin Kiev, a kan wani musamman gina don wannan dalili Vassilkovskaya shuka. A sha'anin da aka gina a shekarar 1954 da kuma aka gaba daya mayar da hankali a kan yi na na'urorin daga cikin iri "Crystal".

A shuka da zama dole wurare domin yi na kusan dukkan sassa na refrigerators aka bayar. Yana yi aiki bita na karfe, kazalika da samar da kumfa roba, polystyrene da kuma roba kayayyakin. Akwai a cikin ma'aikata da kuma jama'ar yankunan.

A mafi m sha refrigerators Tarayyar Soviet da kansa amfani ko rashin amfani. Masu amfani da dace da m aiki, wanda yana tare da kusan cikakkiyar babu vibrations da kuma yiwuwar amfani da matsayin makamashi Madogararsa, ba kawai da wutar lantarki, amma kuma iskar gas. Amma akwai a wannan refrigerators da kuma rashin amfani. Daga cikin su - da ya karu ikon amfani, kazalika da m aiki ba tare da wadatar.

"Crystal-9" mark a cikin eighties na karshe karni da ma'aikata suka fara samar da refrigerators. A total adadin irin wannan na'ura da aka 213 lita da misãlin ɗaki a wadda zazzabi da aka kiyaye at -18 digiri, - 33 lita.

"Crystal-9" ya mai cikakken-sized naúrar irin. Duk da haka, tana goyon baya da mafi kyaun halaye fiye da kwampreso na'urar ikon amfani.

Wannan shortcoming aka gyara a cikin "Crystal-9M" model. Tarayyar Soviet sayi lasisi na Swiss kamfanin "Siberia" domin samar da wannan na'ura.
A sabon na'ura don sanyaya abinci cinye muhimmanci kasa da wutar lantarki da thermostat iya rike da ake so zafin jiki a cikin bẽnãye, da kuma wani atomatik defrost tsarin.

Mark "Saratov"

Bugu da kari ga sha a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a mutane da yawa masana'antu, an kaddamar da samar da iyali refrigerators da compressors. Daya daga cikin wadannan kamfanoni ya shuka yawan 306. Asalinsu samar da jirgin sama injuna. Tare da na'ura mai firiji "Saratov" Na zo in 1951. Sahaban yi magana da wannan model, cewa shi ne "ba daidai ba aka kera, amma sadarwa stitched." Irin wannan halaye zai iya ba da dama kaya samar a lokacin shiri na gurguzanci.

Firiji "Saratov" yana da jiki sanya daga karfe. Irin wannan na'urorin rufi da fari enamel. Ciki shiryayye injin daskarewa evaporator da ƙulli daga bakin karfe. A wadata amfani da firiji chromium.

A farko model na wadannan na'urori ne guda-jam'iyya da girma na 85 lita. Thermal rufi taro da aka bayar ta hanyar yin amfani da gilashin ko ma'adinai ulu. Da ɗan baya, da ma'aikata suka fara nuna firiji, aikin ne da za'ayi a wani hadari Freon to mutum kiwon lafiya.

Refrigeration "Saratov" raka'a dadin nasara ba kawai a tsakanin masu amfani da Tarayyar Soviet. factory samar fitar dashi zuwa talatin da uku kasashen duniya, ciki har da Jamus sun Faransa, Italiya, Belgium, Ingila da sauransu. Yau, da tsohon Soviet refrigerators na wannan alama ne mai gaskiya misali na fasahar m ga slogan na lokacin, karfafa su "gina domin shekaru daban-daban."

Mafi kwampreso naúrar

A labari daga Soviet sanyaya na'urorin da wani firiji ZIL. Wannan matsawa naúrar, taro samar da aka shirya a 1949-1951 gg. a Moscow Automobile Shuka.

A farko model na refrigerators da aka ɓullo da zane ofishin. Suka kira "ZIS-Moscow". A farko samfurin na firiji da wani ƙarfi na 165 l.

A shekara bayan kungiyar na nazarinsa domin samar da gida iyali sanyaya na'urorin ga hasken na ci gaba da sa hannu tsari na 300 raka'a. Waɗannan su ne na farko matsawa refrigerators, wanda ya mai girma isa ga mabukaci.

A factory ci gaba da girma cikin sauri. A wani gajeren lokaci a kan kasuwannin da aka bayar, da kuma sauran model na almara firiji. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1960, kiri sarƙoƙi shiga naúrar "ZIL Moscow" KX-240. Its girma bar sanyaya jam'iyya 240 l, da kuma injin daskarewa daki - 29 lita. New firiji "ZIL Moscow" ya masu amfani da ikon sanya kayayyakin a ciki kofa bangarori.

A shekarar 1969, wani sabon gida firiji rectangular siffar. Sun zama model naúrar ZIL-62 SH-240. Irin wannan firiji sauki shige cikin wani misali kitchen ciki. Bugu da kari, da zanen farko amfani Magnetic hatimi zuwa masa kofa. Wannan sanya shi yiwuwa a yi aiki da firiji a cikin yankunan da ba kawai da mai tsakaitãwa, amma kuma na wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropical canjin yanayin.

Minsk na'urar manufacturer

Bisa ga Resolution na kwamitin ministoci na Byelorussian SSR, da Agusta 1959 ya fara shirye-shiryen ga halittar m refrigerating kayan factory gas kayan aiki. Production ya a Minsk. Yana zama tushen yanzu software "Atlas".

A farko firiji "Minsk-1" zo kashe taron layi a 1962. Shi ne mai matsawa naúrar a juz'i na 140 lita. Its misãlin daki ya 18,5 lita. A kasa na jam'iyya da firiji designers mun bayar da kwanoni guda biyu, wanda aka yi nufi ga kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itãce. A farko model aka saka. Su aka saki nan da nan daga saman. Haka kuma, bari hukuma envisaged ga kayayyakin da jita-jita.

Tun shekarar 1964, an fara samar da aggregates na biyu model. Firiji "Minsk-2" da aka ware. Next mu fara nuna model na uku da na hudu zamaninsu. Da suka sãɓã daga waɗanda suke a gabãninsu, a cewa sun zama dogaye kuma da narrower.

Žaržashin lasisi daga Faransa kamfanin ya sake firiji "Minsk-5." Ya shelves sun m hawa tsawo, da kuma hidima a matsayin na musamman feda ga kofa bude. Wannan tsari shine tushen "Minsk-6" inganta da kuma kenan refrigerators.

Amma mafi mashahuri raka'a Belarushiyanci karfe m ne har yanzu biyu-jam'iyya. Wannan tsari na "Minsk-15", kuma ta daban-daban gyare-gyare. Farko a cikinta, a wani thermal insulating kayan da aka yi amfani da polyurethane kumfa.

Production na "dutsen kankara" da shuka

Tun 1962 ya fara samar da refrigerators da factory bude a birnin Smolensk. Sun kasance matsawa refrigerators, ƙara da wanda har zuwa eighties na karshe karni bai wuce ɗari da ashirin da lita. Karamin raka'a ne Popular a tsakanin yawan jama'a na kasar, duk da cewa akwai guda-jam'iyya da kuma yana da wani fairly sauki zane tare da m madaidaiciya Lines. Bawo firiji "Smolensk" da aka sanya na roba, fari ko Milky launi, da kuma management da aka za'ayi da inji wajen.

Daga shekarar 1964 zuwa 1999 kamfanin ya ƙware da kuma fito da goma sha model na iyali kayan, jimlar girma na wanda amounted zuwa fiye da miliyan biyar raka'a.

Krasnoyarsk shuka nasara

Mutane da yawa tsofaffi mutane saba Soviet firiji "Biryusa". Its saki da aka kaddamar a 1963. Wannan ya faru bayan da tallafi da gwamnatin kasar ta yanke shawarar kafa samar da refrigerators a factory "Krasmash".

Bayan da a saki na kamfanin a cike iya aiki raka'a fara bayyana a kasuwannin cikin adadin 150 dubu. Per shekara. Amma su ne don haka rare a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da cewa akwai bukatar kara da fitarwa. Tuni a shekarar 1967, da shuka da na iya aiki, ta hanyar da kai 350 dubu. Refrigerators shekara.

A farkon 70s, kamfanin ya kafa wani saki compressors, da ciwon inganta yi halaye. A shekarar 1982 da shuka bikin saki na 10 milyan naúrar.

Muromsky manufacturer

Soviet firiji "Oka" da aka saki a kan kasuwanni na kasar ne har yanzu a cikin hamsin hamsin na karshe karni. Wadannan kayayyakin ake samar Murom Machine-Building Shuka, aiki a wasu daga cikin gidaje da kuma na zamani.

The sosai farko model na "Oka" biyu-jam'iyya refrigerators suna da ciwon misali girma. Irin wannan na'urar ne da dace domin wani iyali na 4-5 mutane. The style of wadannan refrigerators ya m isa. The gidaje yana da kaifi sasanninta, kuma tsayinsa bai wuce 150 cm. Refrigerating jam'iyya envisaged m shelves gasa irin. A kasan da aka sanya kwantena ga 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da kuma kayan lambu. A total girma na farko model ya 300 l. Ikon amfani - 50 kW / h a lokacin watan.

Defrosting na firiji wani manual, kuma ta yi aiki ne tare da wani m m amo.

Aggregates "Absheron"

The sosai farko samar line na Bashkir shuka fara sauka da kananan-a refrigerators. Su Babban bambancin shi ne mafi girma da yanayin aji. A wannan connection, a firiji "Absheron" da ke cikin bukatar ba kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, amma kuma a} asashen waje. Ya farin ciki saya da Latin Amurka da Afirka.

Bashkirsky firiji sanya daga m kayan. Alal misali, domin karfe casing aka dauka ta hanyar rufe shi da wani musamman anti-lalatattu abun da ke ciki.
Daga cikin shortcomings daga wadannan model za a iya bambanta karamin girma na cikin injin daskarewa, wanda shi ne musamman m ga runduna.

A cikin 80s, kamfanin fara samar da sauran dual jam'iyya model. Su girma kai 300 lita. Irin raka'a aka halin high sanyaya iya aiki.

A general, refrigerators saki aiwatar a cikin Tarayyar Soviet za a iya bayyana a matsayin nasara.