Mai-aikawa ƙasashe. The most exporters na man - jerin

Mutane da yawa kasashe masu samar da iya raya tattalin arzikinta godiya ga aiwatar da babban hanya. Amma da tsauri girma rates ba zai yiwu idan tasowa ba sõyayya.

kasashe masu samar da kungiyar

Kafin mu gano abin da su ne kungiyoyin da tsara samar da danyen man fetur da kuma yanayi na ta aiwatar, shi wajibi ne don gane da abin da jiha da suka shiga. Saboda haka, babban mai exporters ne kasashen inda aka mined. A wannan jiha, wanda suke shugabannin duniya samar da fiye da biliyan ganga a kowace shekara.

Masana sun dukan ƙasashe kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin:

- OPEC mambobi.

- Amurka da kuma Kanada.

- Arewa Sea kasashen.

- wasu manyan jihohi.

Duniya jagorancin nasa ne da farko kungiyar.

A tarihin na OPEC

An kasa da kasa kungiyar da cewa kawo tare da manyan mai exporters, ana kiransa da wani cartel. Yana da aka halitta da kasashe da dama domin daidaita farashin asali albarkatun kasa. Wannan shiri da ake kira OPEC (English OPEC -. A Organization na man fetur Kasashen).

Babban mai-aikawa ƙasashe, wanda ya kasance daga cikin kasashe masu tasowa sõyayya a shekarar 1960. Akwai ya kasance wani tarihi taron a Satumba taro a birnin Bagadaza. A shirin da aka goyan bayan kasashe biyar: Saudi Arabia, Iraži, Iran, Kuwait da kuma Venezuela. Wannan ya faru bayan da 7 most Magance kamfanonin da hannu a mai samar, wanda kuma ake kira "Bakwai Sisters", rage da ikirarin saya a kan farashin man. Bayan duk, dangane da kudin su ya biya haya ga dama wajen samar da adibas da kuma haraji.

Amma da sabon mai zaman kanta jihohi zai sarrafa samar da man fetur a yankin ƙasarta da kuma wajen saka idanu da amfani da albarkatun. Kuma Ganin cewa a 1960 wannan albarkatun kasa samar da ya wuce bukatar, to, daya daga cikin manufofin na OPEC da aka hana kara farashin declines.

FarawaEND_LINK

Bayan da aka kafa wata kungiya na mai-aikawa kasashen fara shiga ta. Saboda haka, a lokacin da 1960 da yawan kasashen kunshe a OPEC, ya ninka. Shiga cikin kungiyar, Indonesia, Qatar, Libya, Aljeriya, da United Arab Emirates. A daidai wannan lokaci, wani da yake da'awarsu, da aka soma, kayyade man siyasa. Yana ce cewa kasashen da dama motsa jiki m iko a kan su albarkatun da kuma tabbatar da cewa ana yin su ne a cikin bukatun da su ci gaba.

Major mai exporters a duniya a shekarar 1970 ya dauki cikakken iko da samar da wani combustible ruwa. Yana da har zuwa OPEC farashin aiki ya zama dogara, saka a kan raw hanya. A wannan lokacin, shiga cikin kungiyar, da sauran man-aikawa ƙasashe. Jerin ya girma a hada da 13 mambobin: shi ma ya hada da Ecuador, Najeriya da kuma Gabon.

dole ya gyara aikinsa,

Quite wuya lokacin da aka a lokacin 1980. Bayan duk, a farkon shekaru goma, farashin sun karu unprecedentedly. Amma ta 1986 sun kasance saukar, saita farashin game da 10 daloli a kowace ganga. Wannan wani gagarumin naushi, sha wahala duka mai-aikawa ƙasashe. OPEC gudanar da dattako da kudin na raw kayan. A lokaci guda, da tattaunawa da aka kafa tare da kasashen da ba su kasance a wannan kungiya. An kuma kafa mai samar da Ƙa'idodi na OPEC members. A cartel da aka amince da farashin inji.

Da muhimmancin OPEC

Don gane da duniya kasuwar mai yayi yana da muhimmanci a san yadda za a yi tasiri OPEC canza halin da ake ciki. Saboda haka, a farkon 1970s, kasashe mambobin kungiyar kula da kawai 2% na kasa samar da wannan albarkatun kasa. Tuni a shekarar 1973, jihar sanya tabbata cewa a karkashin su kula da aka canjawa wuri 20% na man fetur, da kuma ta 1980 ya zama shekara shi ne batun fiye da 86% na jimlar samar da hanya. A ra'ayi na wannan mai-aikawa ƙasashe, wanda aka kunshe a OPEC, sun zama kai-kayyade karfi a kasuwa. Magance hukumomi da cewa lokaci ya yi hasãrar karfi, saboda na jihar har zuwa yiwu duk nationalized masana'antun man fetur.

Janar trends

Amma ba dukan mai-aikawa kasashen kasance wani ɓangare na musamman kungiyoyin kasa da kasa. Alal misali, a shekarun 1990s, Gabon ta gwamnati ta yanke shawarar janye daga OPEC, a daidai wannan lokacin, Ekwado dan lokaci dakatar da sa hannu a cikin harkokin kungiyar (daga 1992 zuwa 2007). Rasha, wanda riko da wani abu matsayi cikin sharuddan samar da wannan hanya, a 1998 ya zama wani mai tsaro a cartel.

A halin yanzu, OPEC mambobi a total, kawo 40% na duniya mai samar. A wannan yanayin, da suka mallaka 80% na tabbatar da reserves wannan albarkatun kasa. Kungiyar iya canza bukata matakin samar da man fetur a cikin} asashen dake da kara ko ragewa shi a kan kansa. A daidai wannan lokaci, yawancin kasashen tsunduma a cikin ci gaban da adibas na wannan hanya, aiki a cike iya aiki.

Major exporters

Yanzu OPEC mambobi ne kasashe 12. Wasu Amurka sun tsunduma a tasowa da albarkatun kasa tushe, aiki da kansa. Alal misali, wadannan su ne mafi girma mai exporters, kamar Rasha da kuma Amurka. Su ba su rufe OPEC ta tasiri, kungiyar ba shibtar da yanayin samar da kuma sayar da albarkatun kasa. Amma da suka yi sulhu da duniya halin da cewa ayyana mambobin cartels. A lokacin, Rasha da kuma Amurka zauna wani abu matsayi a cikin kasuwannin duniya, tare da Saudi Arabia. Bisa ga matakin na flammable ruwa hakar a kowace jiha, don fiye da 10%.

Amma dai ba duka daga cikin manyan mai-aikawa ƙasashe. List of saman goma ma ya hada da China, Canada, Iran, Iraq, Mexico, Kuwait, da United Arab Emirates.

Yanzu fiye da 100 kasashe daban-daban akwai adibas na mai filin ci gaba da aka gudanar a gare su. Amma ƙara da girbi, ba shakka, incomparably kananan idan aka kwatanta da wadanda aka gudanar da babbar mai-aikawa ƙasashe.

sauran kungiyoyi

OPEC ne mafi muhimmanci ƙungiya daga arzikin man fetur jihohi, amma ba daya kawai. Alal misali, a shekarar 1970 an shirya kasa da kasa Energy Agency. Its membobinsu na 26 kasashen fara nan da nan. A Iea ba tsara ayyukan exporters da manyan shigo da albarkatun kasa. Manufar wannan hukuma ne don inganta hulda sunadaran da ake bukata a rikicin yanayi. Saboda haka, shi ci gaba da tsarinsa a yarda 'yan don rage OPEC ta kasuwar iko. Babban shawarwari na Iea ƙarasa da cewa don ƙirƙirar kasar arzikin man fetur, samar da mafi kyau hanyoyin motsa raw kayan a hali na takunkumin tattalin arziki da kuma gudanar da sauran zama dole shirye-shirye. Wannan gudummawar da cewa kasuwar shibtar da sharuddan iya yanzu ba kawai mafi girma a man exporters.