Man fetur masana'antu

Duniya masana'antun man fetur ne na duniya masana'antu kansu, wanda ya hada da man fetur da kuma iskar gas bincike da kuma filayen man fetur, man, hade gas bututun ga m. Mining, bi da bi, ya hada hakowa, filin ci gaba da kuma sauran aiki.

Ya kamata a ce cewa masana'antun man fetur a Rasha ne sosai raya masana'antu. Wannan shi ne saboda da Gwargwadon fasali na kasar. Kafin shekarar 1992, shekarar da a tabbatar da reserves na Rasha shi ne na biyu a duniya bayan Saudi Arabia. Rasha reserves yanzu adadin zuwa game da 20,2 ya kai tan biliyan. A shekarar 1991, sun lissafta game 23.5 ya kai tan biliyan.

Duk da haka, da Rasha masana'antun man fetur da aka tasowa a cikin 'yan sau ba kamar yadda sauri kamar yadda a cikin shekaru baya. A cewar masana, kasar reserves suna located ma low mataki na verifiability kimanta hannun jari. Su rage overall tsaro na Rasha halitta reserves. Bugu da kari, wani babban rabo na adibas da kuma high halin kaka na ci gaba da kuma bincike. Daga cikin dukkan hannun jari gudanar da Rasha masana'antun man fetur, game da 55% suna da wani babban aiki.

Musamman hankali ne ya biya zuwa kwararru reserves zato located a kan ƙasa na Yammacin Siberia. Shi ne saboda su kimanta babbar karuwa a kasar reserves zuwa arba'in bisa dari. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan yanayin, da masana'antun man fetur zai zama mafi yawa low-samar da gwaggwabar riba filayen. Wannan adadin, wanda ya kamata su nuna, a yankin, - iyaka daga riba a gare shi.

Ya kamata a lura cewa tattalin arziki da rikicin ya shafa ba kawai da man fetur da makamashi masana'antu na mutum kasashen, amma kuma, a matsayin wani sakamako, duniya kasuwar man fetur a general.

Wajibi ne a ce cewa a Rasha da koma bayan tattalin arziki ya fara bikin a shekarar 1989, da shekara. Mai samar da ya ki markedly. A girma daga danyen mai, ko a cikin arziki yankin - Tyumen yankin - fadi daga 394 ta miliyoyin ton 307 miliyan. A masana'antun man fetur a cikin kasar a yau tana da wani shahararren karu a ci gaba da sosai m reserves, ingancin albarkatun kasa da kuma worsening slowdown a bincike aiki a kan filayen. A wannan yanayin, masana lura da raguwa a cikin juz'i na samar hakowa, da kuma kara yawan rago rijiyoyin, tartsatsi miƙa mulki ga mechanized hanyoyin da hakar ma'adinai a kan bango na kaifi karu a yawan gudãna rijiyoyin. Daidai da muhimmanci ne rashin wani gagarumin har da stock na manyan adibas da kuma bukatar shiga a cikin amfani da reserves, wanda aka located in m da undeveloped yankunan.

Rasha ta farko rijiyoyin da aka fadi na sukar a 1864, da shekara a Kuban. A wannan yanayin, daya daga cikin rijiyoyin ya Wani marmaro ne, a kan ɗari da casa'in ton a kowace rana samar da kudi. A wannan lokaci, man da aka za'ayi sun fi mayar da monopolies, wanda ya dogara a kan waje babban birnin kasar. By karni na ashirin, Rasha ya fara zauna a manyan matsayi a cikin masana'antun man fetur na duniya. A farkon karni a kan man fetur ya lissafta ga kamar goma sha ton miliyan. A lokacin yakin basasa akwai wani gwaji ƙi. Daga baya, a cikin thirties, mai samar da ya karu sake zuwa 11.6 ton miliyan.

A farkon shekaru na Soviet ikon da babban adibas suna located a yankunan na Arewa Caucasus (Maikop, Grozny). Duk da haka, ya kamata a ce cewa yaki ya sa muhimmanci lalacewar wadannan yankunan, wanda hakan ya rage girma na samar a sau. Bayan da yaki, tare da maido da Arewa adibas aka gabatar a gaban manyan wuraren waha na Volga-Ural yankin. By 1960, da shekara tara da yawan samarwa a cikin wadannan yankunan ya tashi zuwa saba'in da daya.