Kwatanta duniya ta harsuna, masana ilimin harsuna, masana kimiyya amfani da daban-daban ka'idodin rarrabuwa. Harsuna suna hade a cikin kungiyoyin da Gwargwadon (yankin) manufa, a cikin kusanci da nahawu tsarin, kan rabe-raben harsuna munasaba, da amfani a rayuwa ta yau da kullum magana.
Amfani da karshen rarrabẽwa, da masu bincike raba duk harsuna na duniya a cikin biyu manyan kungiyoyin - rayayyu da matattu harsuna. Babban fasali na farko - yi amfani da su a yau da kullum tattaunawar, harshe yi, a gwada manyan al'umma mutane (al'umma). Living harshe ne kullum amfani a yau da kullum sadarwa, canje-canje, da rikitarwa ko Sauki kan lokaci.
A mafi m canje-canje faruwa a cikin lexicon (ƙamus) harshe: ɓangare na kalmar rabu amfani, yakan mallaki wani tsaoho launi, da kuma bambanci, to designate sabon Concepts bayyana more kuma mafi sabon kalmomi (neologisms). Sauran harshen tsarin (morphological, karin lafazi, syntactic) ne mafi inert, canza sosai sannu a hankali da kuma unobtrusively.
Matattu harshe, kamar yadda sun yi tsayayya da rayuwa, ba a amfani da a yau da kullum da harshen yi. All tsarin shi canzawa, ana kiyaye su, canzawa abubuwa. Matattu harshe, aiwatuwa a da dama da aka rubuta records.
Duk da matattu harsuna za a iya raba biyu main kungiyoyin: na farko, wadanda cewa wani lokaci a cikin m da, aka yi amfani da live sadarwa sa'an nan, domin dalilai daban-daban, sun daina za a yi amfani da wani rai Adam na sadarwa (Latin, Girkanci, da 'yan Koftik, tsohon Norse, Gothic). Na biyu rukuni na mutu harsuna sun hada da wadanda wanda ba a taba gaya. Da aka halicce su musamman don yi wani aiki (don haka, misali, akwai Tsohon Slavonic harshe - harshen da Kirista liturgical texts). Matattu harshen mafi sau da yawa ya canza kama zuwa wani rai, rayayye amfani (misali, Greek ya ba hanya zuwa zamani harsuna da yaruka na kasar Girka).
Latin bautar wani wuri na musamman a tsakanin sauran. Ba tare da wani shakka ba, Latin - mai matattu harshe: a wani m conversational yi shi ba ci a kusa da shida karni AD. Amma, a daya hannun, da Latin samu da widest aikace-aikace a cikin Pharmaceutical, likitanci, kimiyya terminology, Katolika bauta (Latin - da hukuma "jiha" da harshen da Holy See, kuma Vatican City State). Kamar yadda ka gani, "matattu" Latin ne yadu amfani a fannoni daban daban na rayuwa kimiyya, da ilmi ba. All tsanani philological jami'o'i dole hada da Latin a cikin manhaja, ajiye ta haka ne da al'adar gargajiya m ilimi. Bugu da kari, da matattu harshe - tushen takaice dai kuma m Jagora da suka wuce, ta hanyar da shekaru daban-daban: idan kana so zaman lafiya - shirya domin yaki. Memento Mori. Likita, warkar da kanka - duk wadannan faxin "haife" daga Latin. Latin - wani mai ma'ana da kuma da-gina harshe, simintin, babu-maganar banza da kuma fi'ili husk. shi ne ba kawai amfani ga utilitarian dalilai (rubuce-rubuce prescriptions, da samuwar wani kimiyya littafin jerin kalmomi), amma shi ne a wasu hanya mai model, misali harshe.