Tamil harshe. Dravidian iyali na harsuna

Tamil ne Dravidian harshe. An yadu rarraba a kudancin Indiya, shi ne daya daga cikin aikin hukuma a wannan kasar. Musamman tsufa na wannan harshe da kuma ta dangantaka ta kai tsaye tare da arzikin al'adu na kasar India, ta fadi da rarraba yanki karfafa karatu Tamil girma yawan mutane.

Da yake jawabi a Tamil

Mafi yawa daga cikin Indiyawan wanda magana Tamil, da suke zaune a Tamil Nadu - game da 92% na rayuwa yawan wannan bangare na kasar ya yi ĩmãni da 'yan qasar Tamil. The lambobin da masu bincike suna da'awar cewa, baya daga Indiya, shi za a iya ji a Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, magana a Mauritania da kuma Arewacin Afrika. A yawa daga cikin mazaunan kudancin jihohin asar India sun yi hijira, kuma yanzu rayuwa a cikin m kungiyoyin a Birtaniya, Canada da kuma Amurka. Yawan jawabai na Tamil ne a kan miliyan sittin da mutane.

hoary tsufa

The kalmar "Tamil" a cikin Rasha da harshen da ya zo mana daga English kwafi. A cikin gida harshe na karshe sauti na kalmar da aka canjawa wuri da taimakon 'l' ko 'zh ". Asalin sunan da aka rubuta kamar haka:

Dravidian harshen iyali yana da yawa na da alaka da yarukan. Mafi na kowa daga gare su - Telugu, kennarsky, Oraon, Malta da sauransu. A wannan rukunin, akwai kuma wani Tamil. Yana yana da kansa, quite tsoho wallafe-wallafe. A mafi tsufa shigarwar da aka samu a kan burbushin dabino ya fita, su shekaru Dates baya zuwa 200 BC. e. Sauran inscriptions a Tamil aka gano a shekarar 2005. Suna daga cikin mafi tsoho rubuta records daga mutãne, kuma ya kasance a cikin 10th karni BC. Wadannan records nuna cewa Tamil harshen da aka samu daga Sanskrit - shi ne mai gaba daya m yar bab wanda ya kafa da yawa kalmomi daga Sanskrit, sinhalskogo da sauran gida harsuna. Wurare da dama a yunkurin cire gabatar da wajen samo da kuma komawa Tamil ruwan tekun Atlantika tsarki. A bangaren ilimin harsuna yaƙi fara purists Maraymalay Adigal da Parithimaarom Kalaygnar, ya zo a san karkashin sunan 'thanith thamizh iyakkam'. Fassara zuwa harshen Rashanci, wannan yana nufin motsi na tsarki Tamil. Saboda haka, a halin yanzu a cikin jama'a da kuma hukuma magana aro daga Sanskrit kalmomi suna kusan ba a samu a cikin matani.

"Thirukkural"

Daya daga cikin shahararrun wallafe-wallafen Masterpieces rubuta a cikin harsuna na Indiya, da ake kira "Thirukkural". Author na halitta, Thiruvalluval m, wani zamani Almasihu. Mafi sani ga kashi na farko na waka - "A nagarta". Wannan aiki shi ne kashin bayan da Tamil gargajiya Wallafe-wallafe. An sau da yawa da aka ambata a gabascin 19-20 karni, Leo Tolstoy dauke "Thirukkural" kuma daya daga mutãne mafi girma littattafai. Wannan tsoho aikin yaba da ta Nobel A. Schweitzer, suka san Tamil, mishan da kuma fassara Yahaya. Paparoma, popularized da "Thirukkural", da kuma babban uba na Indiya, Mahatma Gandhi.

yaruka

Burtaniya masu bincike, wanda aka buga su rahoton a wani edition na The Ethnologue, da ake kira fiye da ashirin data kasance a yau yaruka na Tamil. Geographically, suka kasu kashi shida manyan wuraren rabarwa: da arewaci, da gabashi, daga kudanci, yammacin, tsakiya da kuma yar bab Sri Lanka. A tsibirin na Tamil harshen da aka adana a cikin ta ra'ayin mazan jiya form, alhãli kuwa da nahiyar yaruka sun halartar mai tsanani gwajin, withstanding da mãsu alãma daga kasashen waje kalmomi da lexical siffofin sauran harsuna.

Game Tamil - ban sha'awa

Yana da ban sha'awa mu san yadda Tamil harshe. Alphabet da ta biyu daga kashi uku ɗin dubi misali - a cikin zamani Tamil adabi yana da 18 baƙaƙe da kuma 12 babban haruffa. Amma sulusin - mafi girma, ta ƙunshi wani takamaiman harafi haduwa uyirmeyyelutty. Su Number 216! Wadannan "syllables" da kuma samar da tushen da Tamil harshe.

A ilmin lissafi Tamila kuma iya mamaki. Ba zato ba tsammani, Tamil - abin da ake kira Tamil. The lambobin a cikin wannan tsoho harshe da daya alama: ba su daura da dubun, kuma daruruwan, kuma kowace lamba yana da wani mujiya "sunan". Kuma ba kawai dukan halitta lambobi, amma ko da ya fi wuya kasarun adadi. Alal misali, kalmar nan gaba ka koma ga immi sulusi da murabba'i 1/320 da kuma 1/7 aka kira Anu. Proper sunayen ne har ma da wadanda kasarun adadi cewa ba su kusan amfani a hakikanin rai.

gargajiya Tamil

A Berkeley - daya daga cikin shahararrun jami'o'in Amurka (California), a kowace shekara da aka gudanar taro sadaukar da tsoho da kuma na zamani Tamila. A cikin ganuwar Berkli Tamilu dauke da gargajiya da harshe, ya - wani tsoho, ya na da m hadisin a Tamil rubuta da yawa wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu. Wannan harshe ne kamar yadda tsohon matsayin da tsabar kudin (na gargajiya Greek), da kuma yawa girmi Larabci. Ga mutane da yawa ƙarni, Tamila kokarin kauce wa fi'ili aro da kuma rarraba a cikin harshe na kasashen waje kalmomi. Musamman tsayayya rinjayar Sanskrit harshe. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ya kiyaye ta lexical tsarin ga dama shekara dubu. A shekara ta 2004, Tamila aka gane a matsayin na farko da harshen gargajiya India.

The yaki ga harshe

Tamils ne sosai kula da harshe. A cikin gida da jihar yi imani da cewa idan da kasa harshe na India - Hindi - za a rarraba wa da ƙasashensu, Tamila dako da sauri zai manta da su mutuniyarsu harshen. A misali na harshe masu yada kai Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, inda gida harshe ne kusan daga amfani, da kuma yawan yafi magana Hindi ko Turanci.

Ch Annaduray, tsohon Babban ministan Tamil Nadu, da'awar cewa, an yanke shawarar amince da Hindi kasa harshe ya kasance ba daidai ba. "Me ya sa aka kasa dabba na Indiya da aka dauke su a damisa, ba wani bera? Hakika, mafi yawan berayen?" - ya tambayi. Annaduray wannan bayani ya jaddada cewa akwai al'amurran da suka shafi cewa ba za a iya warware ta rinjaye. Don sauraron tsohon ministan da kuma majalisar dokokin kasar India, da kuma a waje na wannan babbar kasa. A gwagwarmayar da tsarki na zamanin d yare ci gaba. Ina son a adana for zurriyar da classic Tamila dako na wannan ban mamaki harshe.