Mawaki Glinka MI.: Kerawa da kuma biography

Rasha mawaki Glinka bar wani gagarumin alama a duniya na music, ya bayan da rarrabe Rasha makaranta na abun da ke ciki. Ransa maimakon yawa: kerawa, tafiya, farin ciki da kuma matsaloli, amma ta babban kadara - music.

Family da kuma ƙananan yara,

Birthplace na fice mawaki Glinka a Smolensk lardin May 20, 1804, a kauyen Novospassky. Mahaifinsa, mai ritaya kyaftin, da isa arziki da rayuwa kage. Glinka ta kakan kaka ya a iyakacin duniya da haihuwa, a 1654, lokacin da Smolensk ƙasashe wuce zuwa Rasha, ya samu Rasha dan kasa, ya tuba zuwa Orthodoxy da kuma fara zaune cikin rai na Rasha mallaki gidaje. Yaro nan da nan ba zuwa ga kula da kaka wanda ya tashe ta jika a cikin hadisin cewa lokaci sa shi a wani rashin iska dakin, bai ci gaba ta jiki, zakarmlivala sweets. Duk da wannan mummunan sakamako a kan kiwon lafiya na Michael. Ya girma raɗaɗi ne, capricious da kuma effeminate, da kansa daga baya ya kira "mimosa".

Glinka kusan spontaneously koyi karatu bayan firist ya nuna masa wasika. Daga wani wuri shekaru da ya nuna m iyawa, ya koya wa jan daruna canzawa cikin sauti na karrarawa da raira songs Babysitting. Kawai shekara shida, ya koma ga mahaifansa biyu, kuma sun fara tafiyar da a cikin tarbiyyar da kuma ilimi. Don shi gayyata a governess, wanda a Bugu da kari zuwa janar batutuwa sanar da shi don wasa da Piano, kuma daga baya ya aka har yanzu Mastering da goge. A wannan lokaci, yaron ya karanta mai yawa, ne m littattafai game da tafiya, to, wannan bege ya jũya a cikin soyayya canza wuraren, wanda zai mallaki Glinka rayuwa. Ya kuma fa, tã yi kadan, amma music daukan babban wuri a cikin zuciyarsa. Boy a serf ƙungiyar makaɗa san da yawa ayyukan lokaci, ya gana da kida.

shekaru nazari

Na zauna a kauyen Mikhail Glinka ga tsawo. Lokacin da yake da 13, da mahaifansa biyu dauki shi zuwa kwanan nan ya bayyana a St. Petersburg shiga makaranta a Pedagogical Cibiyar. Koyi da yaron ya ba da ban sha'awa sosai, tun lokacin da wani babban ɓangare na shirin da ya riga ya ƙware da gida. Ya malami shi ne tsohon Decembrist V. K. Kyuhelbeker da classmate - wa A. S. Pushkina, wanda Michael farko hadu a wancan lokacin, da kuma daga baya ya zama m.

A pansionerskie shekaru shi converges da Prince Golitsyn, S. Sobolewski, Rimsky-Korsakov, N. Melgunov. A wannan lokacin, shi ne muhimmanci fadada ta m sãsanni, saba da wasan kwaikwayo, da ziyartar yawa kide, kazalika da alaka da sanannun kida na lokaci - Bem kuma Field ta. Ya cika masa piano Playing dabara da kuma samu farko da darussa a composing sana'a.

Mashahuri pianist S. Mayer yi aiki tare da Michael a cikin 20s, koyar da shi da aiki na mawaki, da yancin ya fara opus, ba da kayan yau da kullum na aiki tare da wani ƙungiyar makaɗa. A karshe yamma Glinka masauki guda biyu tare da Mayer taka concert Hummel, nuna su da basira a cikin jama'a. Mawaki Mikhail Glinka sauke karatu daga gidan baki ta biyu yi a 1822, amma da marmarin koyo gogaggen.

A farko kwarewa da rubuce-rubuce

Bayan kammala karatu daga gidan baki, da mawaki Glinka a wani sauri ka nemi sabis, kyau kudi halin da ake ciki a yarda da shi a gare shi. Uba bai yi sauri tare da zabi dansa aikin wuri, amma ba tunanin cewa duk rayuwarsa ya za a yin music. Mawaki Glinka, da music ga wanda ya zama da muhimmanci a rayuwa, a samu damar zuwa ruwa a cikin Caucasus ga gyara da kiwon lafiya da kuma kasashen waje. Ya ba barin music darussa, karatu Yammacin Turai al'adunmu da kuma haɗa a sabon muradi, shi ya zama akai ciki bukatar shi.

A cikin 20s Glinka rubuta sanannen song "Kada ka fitine ni sanadiyar" a kan ayoyin da Baratynsky, "Kada raira waƙa, ta kyakkyawa, tare da ni" a cikin rubutu na Pushkin. Bayyanarsa da kuma instrumental ayyukansu: Adagio kuma tilawa ga ƙungiyar makaɗa, kirtani septet.

Rayuwa a duniya

A 1824, da mawaki M. I. Glinka shiga sabis, zama mataimakin sakatare, a cikin Office of Communications. Amma da sabis bai yi aiki, da kuma a 1828 da ya yi murabus. A wannan lokaci, Glinka yakan mallaki babban yawan abokai, magana da Alexander Griboyedov, A. Mickiewicz, A. Delwig, Odoyevsky V., V. Zhukovsky. Ya ci gaba da yin music, ke taka rawa a cikin m maraice a gida Demidova, rubuta mai yawa songs kuma romances, al'amurran da suka shafi tare da Pavlishchev "lyrical album", inda ayyukan marubuta daban-daban da aka tattara, har da kasarsu.

waje kwarewa

Tafiya ya mai da muhimmanci sosai bangare na rayuwar Mikhail Glinka. A farko babban kasashen waje tafiya ya sa bayan da a saki na kwana gidan.

A 1830 Glinka tafi wani babban tafiya zuwa Italiya, wanda aka yada a kan 4 years. Dalilin da tafiya ya zuwa magani, amma shi bai kawo ta dace sakamakon, kuma mawaki ba yin shi tsanani, kullum zumunta darussa na far, likitoci da kuma canza gari. A Italiya, ya gana da Karl Briullov, da fice composers na lokaci: Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Bellini, Donizetti. Sha'awar da wadannan tarurruka Glinka rubuta jam'iyya ayyuka da waje composers a kan jigo. Ya kasance tare da kasashen waje da kyau malamai, inganta wasan kwaikwayon dabara, music ka'idar karatu. Ya kuma yana neman ya karfi theme a cikin art, da kuma cewa shi ya zama m, ta karfafa shi zuwa rubuta tsanani ayyukansu. Glinka halitta "Rasha Symphony" da kuma rubuta cewa bambancin kan Rasha songs, wanda sa'an nan shigar da wasu manyan ayyuka.

Manyan compositional aiki: M. Glinka

A 1834, Mikhail mahaifin ya mutu, ya yi na'am da kudi 'yancin kai da kuma fara rubuta wani wasan kwaikwayo. Ko a kasashen waje Glinka gane cewa ya aiki - rubuta a Rasha, shi ya} ashin ga halittar wasar kwaikwayo ta waka akan kasa kaya. A wannan lokaci shi ne kunshe a cikin wallafe-wallafen da'ira na St. Petersburg, inda akwai Aksakov, Zhukovsky, Shevyrev Pogodin. Kowa yayi Magana game da Rasha wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da aka rubuta Verstovsky wannan misali wahayi Glinka, kuma shi aka dauka a matsayin almara ga wasar kwaikwayo ta waka a kan labari na Zhukovsky "Marina Garka". A shirin da aka ba da za a gane, amma shi ya kasance farkon aikin a kan wasan opera "A Life ga Tsar" a kan batun, ya sa ta hanyar Zhukovsky, bisa labari na Ivan Susanin. A babban mawaki Glinka gangara a tarihin music daidai kamar yadda marubucin wannan aiki. A da shi, ya aza harsashin ginin Rasha opera makaranta.

A farko ya faru a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, 1836, wani babban nasara. Kuma ga jama'a, da kuma sukar dauki abun da ke ciki ne musamman m. Bayan da cewa Glinka samun sanya shugaba Kotun Chapel, kuma ya zama wani sana'a makadi. Nasarar wahayi zuwa ga mawaki, kuma ya fara aiki a wani sabon wasan kwaikwayo a Pushkin ta waka "Ruslan da Lyudmila". Ya so ya rubuta da libretto na mawãƙi, amma rasuwar hana ganin wadannan tsare-tsaren. A aikinsa a matsayin wani mawaki Glinka nuna wani balagagge basira da kuma m dabara. Amma "Ruslan da Lyudmila" da aka soma more sanyi fiye da na farko wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Yana da matukar takaici Glinka, kuma ya kasance game da su je kasashen waje a sake. Opera mawaki ta al'adunmu ne kananan, amma shi yana da hukunci tasiri a kan ci gaban kasa makaranta na abun da ke ciki, kuma har yanzu, wadannan ayyukansu sun bayyananne misali na Rasha music.

Symphonic music of Glinka

A ci gaba da kasa theme aka nuna a cikin symphonic music marubucin. Mawaki Glinka Halicci manyan yawan da gwaji yanayin da ayyukansu, shi kuma damu tare da gano wani sabon tsari. A cikin rubuce-rubucen, mu gwarzo ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai romantic da melodist. Works ta Glinka mawaki tasowa nau'o'i a Rasha music kamar yadda mutãne Genre, lyric da almara wasan kwaikwayo. A mafi muhimmanci daga cikin ayyukansa ne overture "Night a Madrid" da "Aragon Jota", symphonic fantasy "Kamarinskaya".

Songs da Romances

Hoto na Glinka (mawaki) zai zama bai cika ba tare da ambatar ya songwriting. Duk rayuwarsa ya rubuta romances kuma songs cewa zama wuce yarda da m riga lokacin da yake rayuwa. All ya rubuta game da 60 vocal ayyukan ƙwarai, daga abin da ya fi sananne ne: "Na tuna wani ban mamaki lokacin", "LURA", "Associated Song" da kuma waɗansu da yawa da suka a yau wani bangare ne na gargajiya sharhin na mawaƙa.

sirrinka

A cikin sirri na mawaki Glinka ya ba sa'a. Ya aure a lovely girl, Ivanovoy Mare Petrovne a 1835, suna begen samun a ta wani danginsu ruhu da kuma mai auna zuciya. Amma sosai da sauri, a rundunar sabani tsakanin mata da miji. Ta kasance mai m rayuwar zamantakewa, jawabin da kudi mai yawa, don haka abin da ko da samun kudin shiga daga Estate da kuma biya wa m ayyukan Glinka rasa. Ya aka tilasta ya dauki almajiransa. A karshe hutu faruwa a lokacin a 1840 Glinka tana da Kate Kern, 'yar Pushkin ta Muse. Ya yi don kisan aure a wannan lokaci ta bayyana cewa matarsa asirce aure a ƙaho Vasilchikova. Amma rabuwa an jinkirta domin 5 years. A wannan lokaci, Glinka tafi, ta hanyar wani real drama: Kern ciki, ake bukata shi zuwa m matakan, ya kuma rangwanta ta zuwa rabu da yaro. A hankali, dangantakar haske iri na, da kuma lokacin da saki da aka samu a 1846, Glinka ya na da wani sha'awar auren. Sauran rayuwarsa sai ya ciyar daya kamu da sada zumunci da jam'iyyar da kuma orgies, wanda yana da detrimental sakamako a kan riga matalauta kiwon lafiya. Fabrairu 15, 1857 a Berlin, Glinka mutu. Daga baya, a request na 'yar'uwarsa matattu saura aka hawa zuwa Rasha, kuma binne shi a Tikhvin hurumi a St. Petersburg.