Mene ne ƙarfin lantarki drop

Ga wani mutum wanda shi ne saba da lantarki da kayan aiki a kan wani sauki mai amfani da matakin (sanin inda kuma yadda za a kunna / kashe), da yawa electricians sharuddan amfani da ze zama wasu irin maganar banza. Alal misali, wanda shi ne kawai "ƙarfin lantarki drop" ko "jama'ar da kewaye." Ina da abin da da dama? Wanda Ya sanya daga makirci a kan cikakken bayani? A gaskiya ma, cikin jiki da ma'anar daga cikin matakai, boye a baya mafi rinjaye wadannan kalmomi, shi ne quite sauki fahimta, har ma da makaranta ilimi na kimiyyar lissafi.

Don bayyana abin da yake cikin irin ƙarfin lantarki maniyyi, shi wajibi ne don tuna abin da duk voltages ne a cikin da'ira (watau cikin duniya rarrabuwa). Akwai iri biyu ne kawai. Farko - wani irin ƙarfin lantarki wadata, wanda aka haɗa zuwa dauke kewaye. Yana kuma iya a kira wani aiyuka ga dukan sarkar. Kuma na biyu da irin - wannan ne ƙarfin lantarki drop. Yana za a iya daukan biyu a game da kwane-kwane da kuma wani guda kashi.

A yi da shi ya dubi kamar haka. Alal misali, idan ka dauki wani talakawa lagwanin, dunƙule shi a cikin mariƙin, da wayoyi daga shi to connect to wani gida bango kanti, to, shafi na kewaye (wutar lantarki - Guides - load) ƙarfin lantarki ne 220 volts. Amma idan muka yi amfani da wani voltmeter don auna darajar da fitilar, kamar yadda zai zama na fili da cewa shi ne kadan kasa da 220. Wannan ya faru saboda akwai wani irin ƙarfin lantarki digo a cikin wutar lantarki juriya, wanda yana da fitilar.

Zai yiwu akwai wani mutum wanda ya ba ji na Ohm ta dokar. A general, da wording na shi kama da wannan:

I = U / R,

inda R - juriya aiki kewaye ko bangaren, auna a ohms. U - da irin ƙarfin lantarki, a volts. kuma a karshe, ina - yanzu a amperes. Kamar yadda za a iya gani, duk uku dabi'u ana kai tsaye nasaba. Saboda haka, sanin kowane biyu na iya zama quite sauki yin lissafi da na uku. Hakika, a kowane hali, zai yi la'akari da irin halin yanzu (AC ko DC) da kuma 'yan wasu share fagen halaye, amma tushen - sama dabara.

A lantarki da makamashi - An, a gaskiya, da motsi na da shugaba na barnatar da cajin barbashi (electrons). A cikin wannan misali, a karkace fitilar yana da babban juriya, Ina nufin jinkirin dabba ba a kanta electrons. Wannan samar bayyane radiation, amma jimlar makamashi na barbashi juyi ne rage. Kamar yadda gani daga dabara, shi rage-rage tare da ragewa halin yanzu da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa sakamakon ma'aunai a cikin kanti da fitilar sãɓawa jũna. Wannan bambancin ne ƙarfin lantarki drop. Wannan darajar da aka yaushe ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi domin su hana wuce kima rage daga cikin abubuwa a karshen kewaye.

A irin ƙarfin lantarki drop fadin resistor dogara a kan ta ciki juriya da karfin halin yanzu sunã gudãna shi. Har ila yau, kaikaitaccen tasiri zafin jiki da kuma na yanzu halaye. Idan da kewaye karkashin shawara sun hada da wani ammeter, da digo za a iya ƙaddara da halitta na yanzu darajar da juriya da fitilar.

Amma shi ba zai iya zama ko da yaushe kamar cewa kawai ta hanyar yin amfani da wani sauki dabara, da kuma aunawa na'urar yin lissafi da irin ƙarfin lantarki drop. A hali na layi daya alaka resistors sami dabi'u wuya. A alternating halin yanzu wajibi ne don la'akari da ƙarin amsawa bangaren.

Ka yi la'akari da misalin biyu a layi daya-da alaka resistors R1 da R2. R3 da aka sani da juriya waya, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki R0. Har ila yau, ba tamanin da EMF - E.

Ga wani layi daya reshe ya guda lambar. Domin wannan halin da ake ciki, da dabara da ake amfani da:

R = (R1 * R2) / (R1 + R2)

Mun ƙayyade da juriya da dukan kewaye da Miliyan Xari R4 = R + R3.

Muna sa ran halin yanzu:

I = E / (R4 + r)

Ya zauna a san da darajar da irin ƙarfin lantarki drop a kan zaba kashi:

U = I * R5

Nan, "R5" na iya zama wani factor R - daga 1 zuwa 4, dangane da ko shi wajibi ne yin lissafi da kewaye kashi.