Mene ne halayyar juyin halittar mutum?

Daya daga cikin mafi rigima da kadan-karatu matakai a ilmin halitta ne anthropogenesis - juyin hanyar cigaban dan Adam a matsayin jinsin. Wannan daga ra'ayi na halitta kimiyya, ga juyin halittar mutum shi ne hankula? Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa data kasance akan burbushin halitta ragowar kasusuwan tarihi da aka jera a matsayin anthropoid kakanninsa, kimiyya fassara daban. A korau rawa a cikin binciken na tarihi ci gaba ne na Homo sapiens taka leda da kuma lokuta na gurbata da facts. Yadda aka nuna a cikin wannan ci gaban Anthropology?

Turanci jabu

Tuna da labarin samu a 1912 a wani watsi quarry dumps a gabashin Ingila piltdaunskogo mutum kwanyar, wanda shi ne fiye da shekara hamsin da aka dauke tsaka-tsakin sifa tsakanin gwaggwon biri da kuma mutum. Kawai, a 1963 an gano cewa, wani ɓangare na kwanyar na zamani da Homo sapiens artfully a haɗe Orang-utan muƙamuƙi da kuma gabatar da shi duk matsayin da mutum ke sanya da samarwar mahada a Anthropology. A wannan labarin, za mu gano cewa wannan yana zartuwa ga juyin halitta na mutum halayyar. Biology, sabanin addini da kuma falsafa, yana a cikin wannan girmamawa da hujjojin da ya gabatar a ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi da kuma binciken burbushin halittu. Bari ta la'akari da su kara.

matakai na anthropogenesis

A ci gaba da jikin mutum a matsayin wani nazarin halittu jinsunan asirce irin matakai: tsoho, tsoho da kuma farkon zamani mutane. Burbushin skeletons na Heidelberg mutum, Sinanthropus, Javanisanci Pithecanthropus masana kimiyyar yi imani da zuriyar Australopithecus, wanda ya rayu game da miliyan 1.7 da suka wuce. Masana kimiyya da dama ganin su a matsayin irin tamkar alƙarya - pryamohodyachego mutum wanda ya rayu a Gabashin Afrika.

Next, masana kimiyyar raba ra'ayi. Wasu bayar da shawarar cewa a kusa da 300 shekara dubu da suka wuce sun kafa wararriyar jinsunan tsoho mutane -. Kwatanta da na zamani mutane ke farko ya fito - na cro-Magnons. Sauran masu bincike yi imani da cewa a cikin wannan tarihi zamani domin juyin halittar mutum halin da predominance na daya jinsin - Homo sapiens, wanda kunshi biyu subspecies a lokaci guda: da Nearnderthal da cro-magnon. Su daga alƙarya kasance a kan ƙasa na ba-rana Caucasus, kudu maso yammacin Asiya, da kuma kasashen Turai.

Halittu alamu a cigaban dan Adam

A sakamakon kamanta ilimin Halittar Jiki lura samar da karfi da shaida da cewa Homo sapiens nasa ne domin mannyan birai. The kama mutane da kuma dabbobi a cikin wannan kungiyar da dangantaka da dukan sassa na kwarangwal, da sauran shirin tsarin da juyayi, Sistem, na numfashi da kuma sauran physiological tsarin. Auren tabbatar guda shirin kungiyar na genome mutane kuma mafi girma mannyan birai. All sama facts nuna cewa juyin halittar mutum ne halin da wani gagarumin yawan nazarin halittu halaye da cewa gama su tare da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Amma ba su da babba. Da rawar da haddasa nasa ne Anthropology zuwa zamantakewa dalilai: da aiki na hadin gwiwa moriya ga fi'ili sadarwa, da samuwar na zamantakewa tsarin, da ci gaban addini da kuma al'adu. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

Phylogeny na mutum yawan

Tasowa a layi daya da Duniya ta fauna, irin Homo sapiens ya dauka a rinjaye matsayi a cikin yanayi. Dalilin wannan shi ne kamar haka: ga juyin halitta na al'umma ne halin da predominance na da tasiri na nazarin halittu dalilai. A ci gaba da hikimar tantance da kuma roba ayyuka na cerebral bawo da kuma jawabin - babban bambanci tsakanin mutum da dabbobi.

Wadannan Properties ba gyarawa a cikin genome kuma ba a wuce zuwa zuriya. Su za a iya kafa ne kawai a farkon shekarun a influencing jama'a: horo da kuma ilimi. Godiya ga ci gaban al'umma da irin wannan sabon abu kamar yadda sadaukarwa. Tare da rinjayar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki dalilai, girmamawa ga tsofaffi, kula da yara da kuma mata - shi ne yanzu lokaci domin ci gaba da mutumin ne halin da mafi girma har.