Mene ne haši na wuya tafiyarwa?

Hard faifai - sauki da kuma kananan "akwatin" tare da tuna cewa Stores babbar yawa bayanai a kwamfuta na wani zamani mai amfani.

Yana da irin, ga alama daga waje: uncomplicated isasshen bagatelle. 'Yan lokacin da rikodin, Share, kwashe, da kuma sauran ayyuka da fayiloli, yana mai sãɓãnin muhimmancin nuna a kan rumbun kwamfutarka zuwa kwamfutar da hulda manufa. Kuma idan na ainihi - kai tsaye daga motherboard kanta.

Kamar yadda wadannan aka gyara an haɗa cikin guda m aiki, da yadda aka shirya da rumbun kwamfutarka kanta, wanda connect masu haɗin yana da, da kuma abin da kowanne daga cikinsu shi ne - shi ne da key bayanai game da yadda ya saba domin duk data ajiya na'urar.

HDD dubawa

Wannan lokaci za a iya yadda ya kamata a kira da hulda rumbun kwamfutarka zuwa motherboard. The sosai guda kalma yana da wani yawa fadi ma'anar. Alal misali, cikin shirin dubawa. A wannan yanayin, shi yana nufin bangaren da cewa samar da wata hanya da mutum hulda da software (mai amfani-friendly "m" zane).

Amma duk da haka sabani a ke dubawa dubawa. A cikin hali na HDD da motherboard shi ne ba da wani m zane mai hoto don mai amfani, da kuma na musamman sa na Lines da kuma watsa bayanai ladabi. Don juna, wadannan aka gyara suna da alaka via Lines - ga bayanai na USB a duka biyu iyakar. Suna tsara don haɗi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa a kan rumbun kwamfutarka kuma motherboard.

A wasu kalmomin, da dukan dubawa a kan wadannan na'urorin - biyu igiyoyi. Daya haɗu da rumbun kwamfutarka ikon haši a kan daya karshen da kuma zuwa ga kwamfuta samar da wutar lantarki zuwa wani. A na biyu na madaukai a haɗa HDD ga motherboard.

Kamar yadda a cikin tsohon sau da alaka da rumbun kwamfutarka - IDE connector, da sauran kaya daga baya

A farkon sosai, bayan da a can ne mafi m HDD musaya. Ancient ta yau nagartacce Hadakar Drive Electronics bayyana a cikin kasuwar game da shekaru 80 na karni na karshe. IDE zahiri fassara a matsayin "saka mai kula".

Kamar yadda wata a layi daya data ke dubawa, shi har yanzu ake kira ATA - Advanced Technology Makala. Duk da haka, da kudin a kan lokaci, da sabon SATA fasaha da kuma samun babbar shahararsa a kasuwa a matsayin misali ATA aka sake masa suna PATA (layi daya ATA) don kauce wa rikice.

Musamman jinkirin da sosai sosai da danyen a cikin fasaha fasali, da ke dubawa a cikin shekaru na da shahararsa iya tsallake daga 100 zuwa 133 megabytes da na biyu. Kuma shi ne kawai a ka'idar, t. Don. A ainihin yi, wadannan alkaluma suna more suna fadin. Hakika, sabo-sabo musaya da kuma masu haɗin rumbun kwamfutarka IDE zai nuna wani sizeable backlog daga zamani aukuwa.

Kuna ganin ya kamata ka ba rashin sanin cikakken farashi da kuma m al'amurran? Da mazan tsara zai tuna cewa fasaha damar PATA damar tanadin biyu HDD da daya kawai madauki da alaka da motherboard. Amma da damar da layin a cikin wannan yanayin ne kama da rarraba da rabi. Kuma wannan shi ne ba tare da ambata da waya nisa, ko ta yaya hana ta girma sabo iska ya kwarara daga magoya a cikin tsarin naúrar.

Don mu IDE riga ta halitta m da jiki da kuma ta abi'a. Kuma idan har kwanan nan ya gana da wannan connector a kan motherboard na ƙananan kuma tsakiyar farashin kashi, yanzu da masana'antun kansu, bã su gani da shi a matsayin mai yiwuwa.

Kowane mutum na fi so SATA

Na dogon lokaci, IDE ya zama mafi m dubawa tare da ajiya kafofin watsa labarai. Duk da haka, watsa bayanai da kuma aiki da fasaha na dogon lokaci a kan shafin ba stagnate, miƙa zarar conceptually sabon bayani. Yanzu shi za a iya samu a kusan duk wani mai shi da wani sirri kwamfuta. Kuma sunan shi - SATA (Serial ATA).

Banbamta fasali na dubawa - da layi daya watsa bayanai, low ikon amfani (idan aka kwatanta da IDE), kasa dumama aka gyara. A cikin dukan tarihin da shahararsa ya jimre SATA ci gaba a matakai uku na audits:

1. SATA I - 150 Mb / c.
2. SATA II - 300 Mb / s.
3. SATA III - 600 Mb / s.

The uku bita ma updates da biyu an ci gaba:

• 3.1 - fiye da inganta bandwidth, amma shi ma iyakance iyaka a 600 MB / s.
• 3.2 jaddadawa SATA Express - to nasarar aiwatar da wani ci SATA da PCI-Express na'urorin, wanda ya karu karanta / rubuta gudun dubawa har zuwa shekara ta 1969, Mb / s. Wajen magana, da fasahar ne "adaftan" cewa sabobin tuba wata al'ada SATA yanayin a gudun cewa, kuma suna da PCI-connector line.

The real Figures, ba shakka, shi ne a fili daban-daban daga aikin hukuma sanarwa. Da farko shi sa wuce kima bandwidth dubawa - .. yawa zamani tafiyarwa guda 600MB / S ma, don haka ya ba su mamaki tsara aiki a kan irin wannan Karanta / Rubuta gudun. Kawai tare da nassi na lokaci, a lokacin da kasuwar zai hankali cikakken high-gudun tafiyarwa tare da m yi domin yau gudun, da fasaha yuwuwar na SATA Za a yi amfani a cike.

A karshe, da yawa daga cikin jiki al'amurran da aka kammala. SATA da aka tsara don yin amfani da sake igiyoyi (1 mita zuwa 46 santimita, wanda aka haɗa tare da IDE connector) da yawa m size da kuma m bayyanar. Bayar da goyon baya ga "zafi canza» HDD - gama / cire haɗin su ne yiwu ba tare da juya kashe da kwamfuta (da yake pre har yanzu bukatar ka kunna AHCI yanayin a cikin BIOS).

Karuwan saukaka, kuma connectivity zuwa madauki haɗawar. Kamar haka duk versions na dubawa ne da baya da baya jituwa da juna (rumbunka SATA III ba tare da matsaloli da alaka da masu haɗin SATA II a kan motherboard, SATA Na - zuwa SATA II, da dai sauransu ...). The kawai gargadi - matsakaicin gudun da data za a iyakance ga mafi "haihuwa" link.

Masu mazan na'urorin ba za a bari a baya - data kasance adaftan daga PATA zuwa SATA variably ajiye a kan mafi tsada sayayya na zamani HDD ko wani sabon motherboard.

external SATA

Amma ba ko da yaushe wani misali rumbun kwamfutarka daidai mai amfani da ɗawainiya. Wani lokaci da bukatar adana yawa data cewa bukatar da yin amfani da wurare daban-daban da kuma, daidai da, sufuri. Domin irin haka ne, a lokacin da daya yana da su fitar da yin aiki ba kawai a gida, da kuma tsara waje wuya tafiyarwa. Saboda yanayin da na'urorin, su bukatar wani sosai daban-daban dangane dubawa.

Irin wannan ne irin more SATA halitta da masu haɗin waje wuya tafiyarwa, da prefix waje. Jiki, wannan ke dubawa ba jituwa tare da misali SATA-tashoshin jiragen ruwa, amma shi yana da guda bandwidth.

Akwai goyon baya ga HDD «zafi canza", da kuma na USB tsawon aka karu zuwa mita biyu.

A asali eSATA embodiment damar kawai musayar bayanai, ba tare da ciyar a cikin Ramin waje rumbun kwamfutarka ikon bukata. Wannan drawback sa da yin amfani da biyu madaukai ga wata dangane da aka gyarawa da isowa daga gyaggyarawa da Power eSATA, hada da eSATA fasahar (da alhakin watsa bayanai) ga USB (alhakin abinci).

Universal Serial Bus

Yadda ya kamata ya zama ya fi na kowa misali ga serial dubawa dangane da fasaharsu, ta zamani, Universal Serial Bus a zamanin yau da aka sani ga kowa da kowa.

Bayan sha wahala dogon tarihi na manyan canje-canje m, USB - shi ne wani babban data kudi, samar da unprecedented ikon wani jam'i na gefe na'urorin, kazalika da sauki da kuma saukaka a yau da kullum amfani.

Bunƙasa kamfanoni, irin su Intel, Microsoft, Phillips, da kuma US Robotics, da ke dubawa ya zama rungumi da dama fasaha bukatun:

• Tailoring kwakwalwa. Standard peripherals har da kebul da aka wajen iyakance a cikin iri-iri da kuma irin bukata ga kowane mutum tashar jiragen ruwa (PS / 2 tashar jiragen ruwa to connect wani joystick, SCSI da sauransu. D.). Da zuwan USB yi cikinsa cewa zai zama uniform da kuma duniya maye da yawa simplifying da hulda da kwamfuta na'urorin. Haka kuma, shi ma aka yi zaci cewa sabon zane ga ajalinsa, to karfafa fitowan da wadanda ba na gargajiya peripherals.
• Tabbatar da gamuwa da wayoyin hannu ga kwakwalwa. An rarraba a waɗannan shekaru da hali na miƙa mulki ga dijital mobile networks for murya ya bayyana cewa babu wani daga cikin musaya ci gaba da nan ba zai tabbatar da canja wurin bayanai, da murya daga waya.
• Da sabuwar dabara ta'aziyya manufa na "toshe da kuma play" dace da "zafi plugging."

Kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da mafiya yawa dijital fasaha, da wuya faifai USB-connector na dogon lokaci da ya zama gaba daya saba mana da sabon abu. Duk da haka, a shekaru daban-daban na ci gaba, wannan dubawa ya kullum nuna sabon Heights-gudun karanta / rubuta wasan kwaikwayon.

USB version	description	iya aiki
USB 1.0	Farko a saki version na dubawa bayan da dama na farko versions. Bayar Janairu 15, 1996.	Low-Speed Mode: 1.5 Mbit / s Full-Speed Mode: 12 Mbit / s
USB 1.1	Kara ci gaba da na version 1.0, shi gyaran gaba daya da matsaloli da yawa da kuma kurakurai. Kaddamar a watan Satumba 1998, da farko tsiwirwirinsu taro shahararsa.
USB 2.0	Kaddamar a watan Afrilu 2000, na biyu version na dubawa siffofi da wani sabon, mafi high-gudun yanayin High-Bugun aiki.	Low-Speed Mode: 1.5 Mbit / s Full-Speed Mode: 12 Mbit / s High-Bugun Mode: 25-480 Mbit / s
USB 3.0	The latest ƙarni na USB, za su sami ba kawai sabunta Manuniya na iya aiki, amma kuma samar a cikin blue / ja. Kwanan wata na aukuwa - 2008.	Up zuwa 600 MB ta biyu
USB 3.1	Kara ci gaba da na uku bita, wanda aka buga Yuli 31, 2013. An kasu kashi biyu gyare-gyare wanda zai iya samar da wani wuya faifai da kebul-connector iyakar gudu up to 10 gigabits da na biyu.	USB 3.1 Gen 1 - har zuwa 5 Gb / s USB 3.1 Gen 2 - har zuwa 10 Gbit / s

Bugu da kari ga wannan jaddadawa, daban-daban versions na USB da ake aiwatar da daban-daban na na'urorin. Daga cikin irin igiyoyi da kuma haɗin suna cewa dubawa saki:

USB 2.0	misali	mini	micro
irin A
rubuta B

USB 3.0 iya bayar da wani sabon nau'in - C. igiyoyi na irin wannan ne tsakaitã da aka saka a cikin dace na'urar daga ko dai gefen.

A daya hannun, da uku bita ba samar Mini da kuma Micro «subspecies» igiyoyi don irin A.

madadin FireWire

Domin duk da shahararsa, eSATA, kuma USB - ba dukan zabin a kan yadda za a haɗa da connector na waje rumbun kwamfutarka zuwa kwamfutar.

FireWire - kadan kasa sanannun tsakanin talakawa a wani high-gudun dubawa. Samar da serial dangane da waje na'urorin, wanda ake kuma goyan bayan mai yawan hada da HDD.

Its dukiya isochronous canja wurin bayanai da aka yafi same ta aikace-aikace a multimedia fasahar (camcorders, DVD-yan wasa, dijital audio kayan aiki). Wuya tafiyarwa haɗa zuwa su da yawa kasa, bada zaɓi ga SATA ko inganta USB-dubawa.

Its m fasaha yi, wannan fasahar ya sami hankali. Saboda haka, asali version na FireWire 400 (1394a) ya sauri fiye da da babban abokin adawarsa, sa'an nan USB 1.0 - 400 megabits da na biyu a kan 12. Matsakaicin na USB tsawon - 4.5 mita.

A zuwa na USB 2.0 ya bar baya da wani abokin gaba, kyale ka musanya data at 480 megabits da na biyu. Duk da haka, tare da saki da sabon misali FireWire 800 (1394b), kyale ka don canja wurin 800 megabits da na biyu tare da wani matsakaicin na USB tsawon mita 100, USB 2.0 ya kasance kasa a bukatar a kasuwa. Wannan ya haddasa ci gaban da uku version na Universal Serial Bus, kumbura data musayar rufi na zuwa 5 Gbit / s.

Bugu da kari, da rarrabe FireWire aka rarraba. The watsa bayanai via kebul-dubawa dole bukatar kasancewar wani PC. FireWire ma damar musanya data tsakanin na'urorin ba tare da dole ba ne nishadantarwa kwamfuta aiwatar.

tsãwa

Da tunaninsa na abin da rumbun kwamfutarka connector kamata a nan gaba zama da undisputed misali, Intel nuna kamfanin a tare da Apple ya, gabatar duniya tsãwa dubawa (ko, bisa ga tsohon code sunan, Light ganiya).

Gina a kan PCI-E da kuma DisplayPort fannonin tsarin gine-gine, wannan ci gaba ya sa ya yiwu a aika da bayanai, audio, video da kuma iko a kan guda tashar jiragen ruwa tare da gaske m gudun - har zuwa 10 Gb / s. A ainihin gwaje-gwaje, da adadi shi ne dan kadan ya fi suna fadin da ya kai a kalla 8 GB / s. Amma duk da haka ko da haka, tsãwa da ya sãme ta kusa analogues FireWire 800 da kuma USB 3.0, ba a ma maganar da eSATA.

Amma a matsayin taro rarraba wannan alamar ra'ayin guda tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma connector ya ba tukuna aka samu. Duk da yake wasu masana'antun yanzu nasarar hadedde haši waje wuya tafiyarwa, tsãwa dubawa. A daya hannun, da farashin da fasaha yiwuwa na da fasahar ne ma a gwada babba, sabili da haka ya gana da wannan ci gaba da yafi tsakanin high-saka farashi na'urorin.

Jituwa tare da kebul na da FireWire za a iya cimma ta yin amfani da ya dace da adaftan. Wannan dabarar ba su da sauri cikin sharuddan data, t. Don. Duka musaya bandwidth har yanzu zauna canzawa. A amfani a nan shi ne kawai daya - tsãwa ba iyakance kashi da irin wannan connection, da barin yin amfani da duk fasaha yiwuwa na USB da kuma FireWire.

SCSI da SAS - shi ne abin da ji, ba dukan

Wani layi daya dubawa to connect na gefe na'urorin don matsawa da mayar da hankali a daya batu na ta ci gaba, daga tebur zuwa wani fadi kewayon kayan aiki.

«Kananan Computer System Interface» aka ɓullo da wani kadan a baya SATA II. By lokacin da na karshe, duka biyu musaya a kan kaddarorin sun kusan m da juna, iya samar da wani connector to connect da rumbun kwamfutarka barga aiki tare da kamfutoci. Duk da haka, SCSI amfani da na kowa bas, saboda abin da mai kula iya aiki ne kawai daya daga cikin alaka da na'urorin.

Bugu da ari tsaftacewa da fasaha, wanda ya samu wani sabon sunan SAS (Serial maƙala SCSI), ya riga an kwace ta tsohon shortcomings. SAS damar na'urorin haɗi zuwa wani sa na SCSI dokokin gudanar da jiki ke dubawa, wanda shi ne kama da wannan SATA. Duk da haka, mafi damar ka damar gama ba kawai haši rumbun kwamfutarka, amma kuma da yawa daga wasu peripherals (firintocinku, Scanners, da sauransu. D.).

Goyan bayan "zafi swapping" na'urorin, dilators bas zuwa lokaci guda gama mahara SAS-na'urorin daya tashar jiragen ruwa, da kuma bayar da baya da baya karfinsu da SATA.

NAS al'amurra

An ban sha'awa hanyar yin aiki tare da manyan kundin bayanai, hanzari samun shahararsa a yau da'irori.

Cibiyar sadarwa maƙala Storage , ko NAS for short ne mai raba kwamfuta tare da wasu faifai tsararru, wanda aka haɗa da cibiyar sadarwa (sau da yawa a gida) da kuma bayar da ajiya da kuma canja wurin bayanai zuwa wasu alaka kwakwalwa.

A da rawar a matsayin mai sadarwa ajiya zuwa wasu na'urorin, wannan mini uwar garke an haɗa via da Ethernet-talakawa na USB. Bugu da ari, damar yin amfani da saituna ta hanyar wani browser haɗa zuwa ga NAS cibiyar sadarwa adireshin. Data kasance bayanai a kan shi za a iya amfani Ethernet-USB, da kuma amfani da Wi-Fi.

Wannan fasaha ya sa ya yiwu don samar da isasshe robust matakin na bayanai ajiya da kuma samar da shi dace domin sauki samun amintacce mutane.

Features a haɗa wuya tafiyarwa domin kwamfyutocin

HDD aiki manufa da tukwãne kwamfuta ne musamman sauki da kuma bayyana a sarari ga kowa da kowa - a mafi yawan lokuta na bukatar da ya dace na USB zuwa connect da wuya faifai ikon haši da ikon naúra da kuma kamar wancan gama da na'urar zuwa motherboard. A lokacin da ka yi amfani da external ajiya, za ka iya ko yin kawai daya jirgin kasa (Power eSATA, tsãwa).

Amma yadda za a yi amfani da haɗin suna da rubutu wuya tafiyarwa? Bayan duk, daban-daban zane na bukatar la'akari da dama wasu nuances.

A farko wuri, to connect ajiya na'urorin kai tsaye "ciki" na na'urar kamata ya yi la'akari da cewa da HDD nau'i factor ya kamata a sanya a matsayin 2.5 "

Abu na biyu, a wani rumbun kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da alaka da motherboard kai tsaye. Ba tare da wani ƙarin igiyoyi. Kawai kwance kasa na pre-kashe da murfi don HDD. Yana yana da wani rectangular siffar kuma yawanci ana saka a biyu daga kusoshi. Yana da yake a cikin iya aiki da kuma bukatar sa a ajiya na'urar.

All haši na littafin rubutu wuya tafiyarwa ne cikakken m ga ta fi girma "wa", tsara domin PC.

Wani dangane zaɓi - don amfani adafta. Alal misali, SATA III drive za a iya haɗa kebul-mashigai samuwa a kan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da taimakon da adaftan da SATA-USB (da kasuwar wakilta mai girma da yawa daga cikin wadannan na'urorin ga wani iri-iri na musaya).

Isar da shi domin haɗa HDD da adaftan. Yana, bi da bi, za a haɗa wani 220V samar da wutar lantarki. Kuma da kebul na USB don haɗa dukan tsarin da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, sa'an nan da rumbun kwamfutarka za a nuna, dangane da yadda daya more sashe.