Mene ne http BBC?

Yi amfani da http buga kwallo da kai akwai wani musayar hukuma bayanai tsakanin abokin ciniki da kuma uwar garke. Wannan bayani ne ganuwa zuwa masu amfani, amma ba shi yiwuwa ba tare da daidai aiki na browser. Ga talakawa masu amfani da bayanai game da wannan kuma game da ayyuka http buga kwallo da ze m rikitarwa, amma a gaskiya ba su dauke da wuya harshe. Wannan shi ne abin da fuskantar da yanar gizo mai amfani a kullum.

Mene ne http buga kwallo da kai?

"Kama aikin yanar gizo" - don haka fassara http BBC. Saboda ta sosai zama, zai yiwu dangane tsakanin "abokin ciniki-uwar garke". Idan ya bayyana a cikin sauki sharuddan, da browser aika wani request, bada haɗin sabar. Karshe, da tsoho, da azãba mai request daga wani abokin ciniki, tafiyar matakai da shi, da kuma aika da baya a takaice ko amsar. A cikin akwatin nema, mai amfani "hammering" da adireshin shafin da cewa ta fara da http: // da sakamakon samu a cikin nau'i na bude page.

Lokacin da buga wani web address a cikin daidai line, da browser ake bukata uwar garke ta amfani da DNS. The uwar garke gane http BBC (daya ko dama), wanda Ya aika da shi a abokin ciniki, sa'an nan jimloli da nema BBC. A sa ta ƙunshi wani m pre-data kasance lakabi da ba su samu.

A general, http buga kwallo da isasshe tasiri. Su ba su da bayyane a cikin HTML-coding, suna aika wa da nema bayani. Da laƙabi da yawa suna ta atomatik aika da uwar garke. Domin aika da shi a cikin PHP, amfani da aiki BBC.

browser hulda da yanar

Makirci na hulda tsakanin browser da shafin ne quite sauki. Saboda haka, http BBC fara tambayar kirtani, to, wanda aka aiko zuwa ga uwar garke. A mayar da martani, da abokin ciniki yana bukatar bayanai zo. Ba zato ba tsammani, http yarjejeniya shekara goma sha bakwai - mafi amfani a kan Internet. Yana da sauki, abin dogara, da sauri da kuma m. Babban aiki http - nemi bayani daga yanar gizo-uwar garke. A abokin ciniki ne mai browser da uwar garke - ligthttp, Apache, Nginx. Idan connection tsakanin su ne nasara, da uwar garke a mayar da martani ga wani query retrieves da ake so bayanai. Http bayanai hada da rubutu, audio files, video.

A yarjejeniya iya zama kai ga wasu. abokin ciniki bukatar kunshi sassa uku:

• da farawa line (nau'in saƙo).
• BBC (zažužžukan sažon).
• jiki na bayanai (a sakon da ya raba wani blank line).

A farkon line - wani m kashi na BBC filayen na bukatar http. mai amfani bukatar tsarin da aka hada da uku main sassa:

1. Hanyar. Tare da shi nuna irin request.
2. Hanya (hanyar). Wannan layi na URL, wanda ya bi yankin.
3. A yarjejeniya amfani. Ya ƙunshi wani version na yarjejeniya da http.

Modern bincike amfani da version 1.1. Biye da lakabi a cikin format "sunan: darajar".

HTTP-caching

A kasa line ne da cewa cache samar da ajiya na HTML-shafukan da sauran fayiloli a cikin cache (a cikin aiki da memory a kan rumbun kwamfutarka). Wannan shi ne domin bugun up samun su da kuma sake ajiye bandwidth.

A cache ne abokin ciniki browser, da matsakaiciyar ƙofa kuma wakili uwar garke. Kafin ka aika sako ta URL, da browser zai duba don abubuwa a cikin cache. Idan abu ne ba halin yanzu, bukatar da aka gabatar na gaba uwar garke, inda aka bari caching http buga kwallo da kai a kan Nginx uwar garke. Mashigar kuma proxies aka yi amfani da daban-daban masu amfani, don haka da cache da aka raba.

HTTP-caching ba zai iya kawai muhimmanci bugun sama da aiki na site, amma kuma ya ba da haihuwa version na page. Tare da site cache lokacin da aika buga kwallo da kai ga mayar da martani. Wannan na iya ba za a adana bayanai nema via HTTPS.

Description http buga kwallo

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci cache sunadaran dauke http buga kwallo da ya ƙare. Wadannan Adadin labarai suna bayar da rahoton da ranar karewa bayar a cikin mayar da martani bayanai. Sun nuna lokaci da kwanan wata a lokacin da cache aka dauke stale. Alal misali, irin wannan BBC kamar haka: Zai kare: Wen, 30 Nov 2016 13:45:00 GMT. Wannan tsarin da ake amfani da kusan ko'ina, ciki har da zuwa cache shafukan da hotuna. Idan mai amfani ance wani mazan kwanan wata, da bayanai ba za a adana.

Http wakili buga kwallo ne BBC mahada category. Suna ba da aka adana, da tsoho. Don adana aiki yadda ya kamata, kowane URL dole dace daya embodiment na da abinda ke ciki. Idan page ne inganci a harsuna biyu, kowane version dole ne a yi da kansa URL. Title bambanta bisa ga cache query sunan buga kwallo. Alal misali, idan kuma tambayar nuni dogara da browser, da uwar garken yana bukatar aika BBC. Saboda haka, a cikin cache aka adana daban-daban versions na binciken da daftarin aiki iri. TTP yarda da BBC ake bukata don zana har lists na yiwu Formats albarkatun amfani, tare da shi quite sauki aiki tare, tun da shi ya gusar da ba dole ba.

Akwai hudu kungiyoyin na buga kwallo da cewa wuce sama. Waɗannan su ne babban Adadin labarai - suna kunshe ne a cikin wani rahoton uwar garke kuma abokin ciniki, da fatawar da martani, kazalika da yanayi. A karshen bayyana abun ciki na wani saƙonni daga abokin ciniki da kuma uwar garke.

HTTP BBC yana dauke da wani ƙarin izni. Lokacin da yanar gizo-page tambaya abokin ciniki Tantance kalmar sirri, da browser nuna musamman taga da filayen don shigar da sunan mai amfani da kuma kalmar sirri. Bayan da mai amfani ya shiga su data, da browser aika wani request http. Yana dauke da sunan "izini".

Yadda ganin Adadin labarai?

Don ganin http BBC, kana bukatar ka shigar toshe-ins for your browser, misali, Firefox:

• Firebug. View Adadin labarai, za ka iya shafin net (cibiyar sadarwa), inda zaɓar duk (duk). Wannan plugin yana da siffofin da cewa zai zama da amfani ga yanar gizo developers.
• Live http buga kwallo. Simple toshe-a domin fitowa http buga kwallo. Tare da shi za a iya generated da hannu nemi.
• Members Ghrome sauƙi ganin Adadin labarai a lokacin da suka danna saituna button, zabi Developer Tools (net ayyukansu).

Lokacin toshe-ins an shigar, gudu da shi da kuma refresh your browser.

query hanyoyin

The hanyoyin amfani a HTTP, da kamance da umarnin, wanda ake daukar kwayar cutar a cikin nau'i na saƙonni zuwa uwar garke. Wannan shi ne na musamman kalmar a cikin harshen Turanci.

• SAMU Hanyar. Ana amfani da su nemi bayanai daga hanya. Yana yana tare da shi duk da ayyuka a fara.
• POST. Amfani da shi ne sallama zuwa. Alal misali, a sakon a kan wani zaman jama'a na cibiyar sadarwa ko mai comment, da browser WURAREN POST-request jiki da kuma aika shi zuwa ga uwar garke.
• Shugaban. A hanya ne kama da na farko, amma ya yi aikin na huhu aiki. Yanã tambaya kawai da meta-data, fãce daga martani sako. Hanyar da aka yi amfani da, idan suka so don samun bayanai a kan fayiloli ba tare da sauke. Amfani da shi idan sun so su gwada da ayyuka na links a kan uwar garke.
• PUT. Lodi da bayanai a kan URL. Yana watsa yawa data.
• Zabuka. Aiki tare da uwar garke jeri.
• Uri. Ya gano a hanya da kuma ƙunshi URL.

Structure http martani

The uwar garke amsa ga abokin ciniki buƙatun da dogon saƙonni. A mayar da martani kunshi 'yan Lines, wanda ya nuna da yarjejeniya version, uwar garke matsayi code (200). Ya yayi Magana game da abin da ya canza a kan uwar garke don aiki na shigowa request:

1. "Ɗari" Halin nuna wani cin nasara aiki na bayanai. The uwar garke sa'an nan ta aika da daftarin aiki zuwa ga abokin ciniki. Sauran request Lines nuna wasu bayanai game da daukar kwayar cutar bayanai.
2. Idan fayil ba a samu ko ba ya wanzu, da uwar garken aika zuwa ga abokin ciniki 404, shi ne kuma ya kira wani kuskure.
3. Code 206 nuna m fayil downloading, wanda za a iya koma bayan wani lokaci.
4. Code 401 nuna hakan da izini. Wannan yana nufin cewa nema page ana kiyaye shi ta wata kalmar sirri da cewa dole ne a shiga to tabbatar da shigarwa.
5. Haramta na ƙofar shiga, ya ce code 403. Taƙaitawa akan ra'ayoyi, da downloads, ko video - sananniyar amsa a kan Internet.
6. Akwai ma wasu juyi na code: wucin gadi yunkuri na nema fayil, wani na ciki uwar garken kuskure, da karshe motsi. A wannan yanayin, da mai amfani da za a miƙa ka. Idan wani code 500, wanda ke nufin cewa akwai kasawa a cikin uwar garke aiki.

URL - abin da yake da shi?

URL - shi ne cikin zuciya na yanar gizo na sadarwa a tsakanin abokin ciniki da kuma uwar garke. A request ne yawanci aika via da URL - uniform hanya locator. request url tsari ne mai sauqi qwarai. Ya kunshi da dama abubuwa: http yarjejeniya (BBC), Oho be dame (website adireshin), tashar jiragen ruwa, resourte hanyar da tambaya.

A yarjejeniya ne kuma samuwa ga kafaffen https dangane da musayar bayanai. URL-adireshin ƙunshi bayani game da jeri na musamman site a yanar-gizo. Address hada da sunan yankin, da hanya zuwa page, kazalika da sunan da.

Babban drawback na aikin zuwa wani URL - yana da m hulda da Latin haruffa, kazalika da lambobi da kuma alamomin. A WANNAN ingantawa adireshin url taka muhimmiyar rawa.

m alamu

Active kwamfuta masu amfani da developers ba wurare don samun saba da wasu masu sana'a shawara ba da masana a fagen:

• Nuna karewa kwanakin da fayiloli da takardun, batun updates. Ilimin kididdiga bayanai da aka bayar a cikin high dabi'u na max-shekaru.
• A raba daftarin aiki dole ne su kasance samuwa ga daya kawai URL.
• Idan ta karshe fayil da za a sauke ta amfani, canja sunan da kuma danganta zuwa gare shi. Wannan na tabbatar da cewa sabon download, maimakon m daftarin aiki.
• Karshe-Canza buga kwallo da kai dole ne yayi daidai da ba ranar karshe canje-canje a cikin ciki. Kamata ba resave shafukan da takardun, sai ka canza su.
• Yi amfani da POST-request ne kawai inda aka bukata. Rage girma aiki tare da SSL.
• Take kafin aika uwar garke kamata duba plugin REDbot.