Mene ne tsarin fasali na lichen: Anatomy da kuma rayuwa matakai

A yanayi, akwai wasu ban mamaki kungiyoyin na kwayoyin da cewa ba ya kamãta da kõwa daga cikin da aka sani mulkokin yanayi. Kuma duk saboda su ne hade da dama daga gare su. Daya daga cikin mafi daukan hankali misalai daga wadannan ne lichens. Suna ko da karatu raba kimiyya kira lichenology. Mene ne tsarin fasali na lichens, su wuraren da rayuwa matakai? Duk wannan za a tattauna a daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin.

m symbiosis

Wadannan kowa ba alaka kwayoyin ne sakamakon Gwamuwar fungi da algae. Amma ba dukan membobin wadannan kungiyoyi ne iya samar da wata moriyar Gwamuwar. Mene ne tsarin fasali na lichen? naman kaza jiki, ko mycelium kunshi yawa na bakin ciki filaments kira hyphae. Tsakanin su cyanobacterial Kwayoyin - blue-kore algae. Wannan results a cikin wani guda kwayoyin. Shi ne iya aiki ne kawai a gaban mai yiwuwa fungi da algae.

Mene ne fasali na tsarin lichens

Aka gyara wannan halitta symbiosis located ba gargada. Structure lichen (Students misalta da tsari na mutum abubuwa) ne da tsari. A jikin wadannan kwayoyin ne a thallus? ko thallium. Yana dogara ne a kan fungal hyphae, wanda suke saman da kasa aka rufe a kan, kafa abin da ake kira ɓawon burodi. Its ayyuka masu kama da wadanda daga cikin rufi shuka nama. Wannan kariya a kan m yanayi da kuma dangantaka da yanayi.

Ciki da lichen ma dake fungal zaren, amma mafi loosely da faɗi. Shi ne ya zama wajibi, saboda sel cyanobacteria ne, daga gare su. Kamar namomin kaza, lichens da rhizoids. Wadannan tsarin da aiki da wuri a cikin jiki kama da tushen mafi girma shuke-shuke. Amma da Babban bambancin shi ne babu kowane irin yadudduka. Kamar wancan rhizoids Kwayoyin ba kawai na musamman da kuma anatomically a hade.

rarrabuwa na lichens

Features na tsarin lichens ne alhakin kungiyarsu a kungiyoyin na jiki siffar - thallus. Dangane da wannan, akwai da dama kungiyoyin:

• Crustose - bayyanar kama wani foda. Su rufe da duwatsun ko haushi bishiyoyi bakin ciki ɓawon burodi, wani lokacin gani tattara abubuwa masu kyau tare da surface.
• Foliose - da bayyana tsari. Su thallus ne a kananan flakes cewa ana raba daga substrate ba tare da wahala.
• Bushy - mafi yawansu duk da alãmarsu kama ƙananan tsire-tsire. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, suka yi fadi da kuma lebur tushe nau'i na kananan daji ko gashi-kamar tsarin.

Ainihin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa

A ciki tsarin sa lichen kuma physiological halaye na wadannan kwayoyin. Saboda ana kafa ta fungi da algae, duk m matakai ne kamar irin waɗanda kungiyoyin na namun daji.

abinci

Namomin kaza da kuma kore algae ana ciyar principally hanyoyi daban-daban: hetero- da autotrophic. Saboda haka lichen halin da farko da na biyu. Wannan shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci ga karbuwa daga wadannan kwayoyin daban-daban muhalli da yanayi. Bayan duk, idan yanayi na kai-da ilimi ba carbohydrates, jiki garwaya da gina jiki zama dole domin rayuwa barbashi daga ƙasa ko wasu substrate. Algae photosynthesis aiwatar yi ta samar da lichens kwayoyin sinadaran da kuma enriching iska tare da oxygen. A naman kaza substrate aka sucked daga ruwa tare da narkar da ma'adanai. Wadannan cyanobacteria da kuma amfani ga photosynthesis tsari. Wannan hanya na ciyar kira mixotrophic.

haifuwa

Don sanin irin haifuwa daga wadannan kwayoyin, shi wajibi ne sake tuna abin da suke da halaye na tsarin lichens. Tun da suka kunshi fungi da algae, da kuma aiwatar da haifuwa nasu irin su iya duka biyu na farko da na biyu. Wannan hujja ne ba tare da muhimmanci ga karbuwa da kuma watsa.

Kamar fungi, lichens samar da spores - Kwayoyin sake yiwuwar tohowarsu. Suna hawa da iska da ruwa a tsawon nisa da sosai yiwuwa. A karkashin sharadi gwargwado, sai su fara ci gaba, forming balagaggu kwayoyin. Yadda runtse shuke-shuke lichens haifa asexually ta vegetative wajen - wato, da sassa na thallus. Yana iya zama quite manyan shrubs ko kadan, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa, dauke da kawai 'yan hyphae na fungi da kuma cyanobacteria Kwayoyin. Wannan shi ya isa ga m ci gaba na dukan kwayoyin. Vegetative haifuwa Hanyar ne m, a kwatanta da sporulating.

The darajar lichens a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar mutum

Mene ne tsarin da lichen, mun sami fita. Yanzu bari la'akari da asali al'amurran da ma'anarta a cikin yanayi. Lichens ba da gangan ake kira "majagaba" na Flora. Bayan duk, su sami damar girma a wuraren da sauran kwayoyin ba zai iya rayuwa. Alal misali, ya magance kan fā, suka hankali a hallaka su. A sakamakon haka, akwai wani dalilin da samuwar kasar gona - da wani zama dole yanayin ga rayuwar shuke-shuke.

Lichens ne cikakken undemanding zuwa rayuwa yanayi, amma fi son high zafi. Lokacin shi ne fari, ko sanyi, sai suka dakatar da tsanani da rayuwa tafiyar matakai da kuma ci gaba da su, bayan. Lichens ne abinci ga wasu arewacin dabbobi. A magani, suna amfani da microbicides.

Lichens - musamman kungiyar kwayoyin, wanda shi ne yardatayya cohabitation fungi da algae. Sun hada da kaddarorin waɗannan mulkoki, kamar yadda Manuniya na tsabtace muhallansu da kuma dalilin da tundra ciyayi.