Mesozoic lokaci. Mesozoic Era. Tarihi na Duniya

A tarihin na Duniya yana hudu da rabi shekaru biliyan. Wannan babbar lokaci ne zuwa kashi hudu aeons, wanda bi da bi ya kasu kashi dazamani da kuma lokaci. Karshe hudu eon - Phanerozoic - ya hada da uku dazamani:

• Paleozoic.
• Mesozoic.
• Cenozoic.

lokaci na Mesozoic Yana kiwon gabatarwar da dinosaur, da haihuwa na zamani biosphere da kuma gagarumin Gwargwadon canje-canje.

A lokaci na Mesozoic zamanin

A ƙarshen Paleozoic zamanin da aka alama ta nau'i nau'i na dabbobi. A ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin Mesozoic zamanin ne halin da zargin sabon iri na dabba. Da farko, shi ne dinosaur, kuma farkon dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Mesozoic dade daya ɗari da tamanin da shida da miliyan shekaru da kuma kunshi uku lokaci, kamar:

• Triassic.
• Jurassic.
• Cretaceous.

Mesozoic lokaci ne halin a matsayin zamanin da xumamar duniya. Mun kasance gagarumin canje-canje a cikin tectonics na Duniya. Sai a wannan lokaci da kawai data wanzu supercontinent m up shiga kashi biyu, wanda ake baya zuwa kashi nahiyoyi, a cikin duniya a yau.

Triassic

Triassic lokaci - wannan shi ne mataki na farko da Mesozoic zamanin. Triassic Yana tsawon sama da talatin da biyar da miliyan shekaru. Bayan da bala'i, wanda ya faru a karshen da Paleozoic a duniya, akwai yanayi, ba kawai zai amfana wa da ci gaba na rayuwa. Tectonic Laifi auku nahiyar Pangea kafa aiki volcanoes da dutse fi.

A sauyin yanayi ne dumi da kuma bushe, dangane da wanda duniya kafa hamada da kuma gishiri matakai a cikin Wuraren qara da cika fuska. Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin akwai m farko dinosaur, dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye. A fannoni da dama, wannan gudummawar da rashin jinsin climatic zones da kuma kula da uniform da zazzabi a ko'ina cikin duniya.

A fauna daga cikin Triassic

Triassic Period na Mesozoic halin da wani gagarumin ci gaba na dabba duniya. Shi ne a cikin Triassic lokacin da ciwon wadanda kwayoyin, wanda daga baya kafa siffar na zamani biosphere.

Cynodont bayyana - wani rukuni na dinosaur, shi ne asalin farko dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wadannan tsuntsaye dinosaur aka rufe da gashi kuma yana da karfi da ci gaba jaws cewa taimake su ci raw nama. Cynodont aza qwai, amma su matasa mace ciyar da madara. A Triassic samo asali magabatan dinosaur, pterosaurs da kuma na zamani crocodiles - archosaurs.

Mutane da yawa kwayoyin canza su yanayi da ruwa a cikin wani m sauyin yanayi. Saboda haka akwai sabon iri na Ammonawa, da na molluscs, kazalika da kashi da ray-finned kifi. Amma babban mazaunan cikin tẽku mai zurfi sun predatory ichthyosaurs cewa kamar yadda juyin halitta ya fara isa gigantic rabbai.

By ƙarshen Triassic, zabin yanayi ba a yarda ya ci gaba da dukan dabbobi ya bayyana, da yawa jinsunan ba gasa da sauran, karfi da kuma sauri. Saboda haka, da ƙarshen zamani a ƙasar mamaye thecodonts, magabatan dinosaur.

Shuke-shuke a cikin Triassic lokaci

A Flora na farko da rabi na Triassic ba muhimmanci daban-daban daga shuka ƙarshen Paleozoic zamanin. A cikin ruwa ne m jinsuna daban na algae, ƙasar tartsatsi iri ferns da drevnehvoynye, kuma a ga ~ ar teku - lycopsids shuke-shuke.

By ƙarshen Triassic ƙasar boye murfin na herbaceous shuke-shuke, wanda ƙwarai yuwuwa fitowan da wani iri-iri na kwari. Har ila yau, akwai shuke-shuke mesophytic kungiyar. Sagovnikovye wasu shuke-shuke sun tsira zuwa yau. Yana sago dabino girma a cikin Malay tarin tsiburai yankin. Mai jinsunan shuke-shuke girma a kan ga ~ ar teku na duniya, kuma a cikin ƙasa mamaye conifers.

Jurassic

Wannan lokaci ne da ya fi shahara a cikin tarihin na Mesozoic zamanin. Jura - Turai duwãtsu, wanda ya ba da sunan ga wannan lokaci. A cikin wadannan duwatsu da sediments na cewa zamanin da aka samu. A Jurassic lokaci dade hamsin da biyar shekaru miliyan. Geographic muhimmanci samu saboda da samuwar na zamani nahiyoyi (America, Afrika, Australia, Antarctica).

Rabuwa da biyu data kasance har nahiyoyi Laurasia da Gondwana ya samuwar sabon bays da tekuna da kuma kiwon duniya teku matakan. Wannan yana da wani tasiri a kan Duniya ta sauyin yanayi, yin shi wetter. A iska zazzabi a duniya rage, kuma ya kasance dace temperate kuma subtropical canjin yanayin. Irin wannan yanayin canje-canje sun ƙwarai da gudummawar da ci gaba da kuma kyautata na Flora da fauna.

Dabbobi, da kuma shuke-shuke da Jurassic lokaci

Jurassic lokaci - zamanin da dinosaur. Ko da yake wasu siffofin na rayuwa kuma samo asali da kuma dauki a kan sabon siffofin da iri. Sea na cewa lokaci da aka cika da yawa kwaro, wani tsarin jiki wanda shi ne mafi ci gaba fiye da a cikin Triassic. A ubiquity samu bivalves da vnutrirakovinnye belemnites, da tsawon wadda ta kai mita uku.

Duniya na kwari ma samu juyin girma. Ana zargin flowering shuke-shuke da ya tsokani zargin pollinating kwari. Akwai sabon iri cicadas, beetles, dragonflies da sauran terrestrial kwari.

Yanayin canje-canje a Jurassic sa a profuse hazo. Wannan, bi da bi, ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa yaduwar lush da ciyayi a duniya ta surface. A arewacin bel na ƙasar mamaye herbaceous shuke-shuke paportnikovye da Ginkgo. Kudancin zone sun itace ferns da cycads. Bugu da kari, duniya ta cika da wani iri-iri na conifers, kuma kordaitovye sagovnikovye shuke-shuke.

Dawn na dinosaur

A Jurassic lokaci na Mesozoic dabbobi masu rarrafe kai su juyin ganiya, ushering a zamanin dinosaur. A tekuna fāɗin duniya rinjaye giant ichthyosaurs da plesiosaurs delfinooobraznye. Idan ichthyosaurs sun mazauna na musamman na cikin ruwa yanayi, da plesiosaurs daga lokaci zuwa lokaci da ake bukata landfall.

Dinosaur zaune a ƙasar, suna dukar a su bambancin. Da girmansu jeri daga 10 santimita zuwa talatin mita, da kuma auna su har zuwa hamsin tons. Daga cikin su suna mamaye da herbivorous tsuntsaye, amma akwai ferocious da yara. A babbar yawan dabbobin daji ya tsokani da samuwar herbivores wasu abubuwa na kariya: m faranti, da zangarniya, da sauransu.

Sararin samaniyar cika Jurassic dinosaur, wanda suke iya tashi. Ko da yake da jirgin da suke yi zuwa hawa dutsen. Pterodactyls da sauran pterosaurs samun a fakitoci da kuma shirya a ƙasa a search na abinci.

Cretaceous

A lokacin da zabar wani sunan na gaba lokaci ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, sakamakon laka mutu kashe kwaro, rubuta alli. A lokacin da ake kira Cretaceous shi ne karshe a Mesozoic zamanin. Wannan lokaci dade tamanin shekaru miliyan.

A sakamakon sabon nahiyoyi matsawa, da kuma tectonics na Duniya aka ƙara ɗaukar surar saba wa zamani mutum. A sauyin yanayi ya zama yawa colder a wannan lokacin kafa kankara iyakoki da kudu da arewa zura sandunan ɗaukarsa. Har ila yau, akwai rabo a cikin yanayin bangarori na duniya. Amma overall sauyin yanayi zauna dumi isa, ya taimaka da greenhouse sakamako.

Muciya Cretaceous

Ruwayen ci gaba da halittu farfadowa da kuma yada belemnites da Shellfish, teku urchins ake ma ana ci gaba da farko Shellfish.

Bugu da kari, da kududdufai an rayayye tasowa tverdokostnym kifi kwarangwal. Ƙwarai cigaban kwari da tsutsotsi. A ƙasar shi kara yawan vertabrate, ciki har da manyan mukamai shagaltar da dabbobi masu rarrafe dabbobi masu rarrafe. Suna na rayayye tunawa da tsirin ƙasa ta surface ya hallaka juna. A Cretaceous lokaci akwai fari maciji ne da suka rayu biyu a ruwa da kuma a kan ƙasar. Birds fara fito fili a cikin marigayi Jurassic lokaci, tsakanin alli tartsatsi da aiki ci gaba.

Daga cikin mafi ɓullo da shuke-shuke flowering. Spore shuke-shuke saboda yaduwa halaye na mutuwa daga, bada hanya zuwa more m. A karshen wannan lokaci, gymnosperms samo asali muhimmanci da kuma ya sami maye gurbinsu angiosperms.

A ƙarshen Mesozoic zamanin

A tarihin na Duniya yana biyu duniya bala'i, wanda aiki a matsayin taro nau'i nau'i na fauna na duniya. Na farko, da Perm masifa ta farkon da Mesozoic zamanin, da kuma na biyu alama ta ƙarewa. Dadaddun nau'in mafi rayayye samo asali a cikin Mesozoic. A cikin ruwa yanayi daina wanzuwa Ammonawa belemnites, bivalves. Tafi ne dinosaur, kuma da yawa wasu dabbobi ne masu rarrafe. Kuma ba ya da cikin da yawa jinsunan tsuntsaye da kwari.

Don kwanan babu tabbatar da suke cewa shi ya tunzura a yi taro nau'i nau'i na fauna a Cretaceous lokaci. Akwai versions na mummunan tasiri na greenhouse sakamako, ko na radiation sa da iko cosmic fashewa. Amma mafi malamai sun karkata zuwa yi imani da cewa hanyar nau'i nau'i ne asteroid giant size, wanda a lokacin da suka buga da Duniya ta surface an tashe a wani yanayi na da yawa abubuwa sun rufe duniya daga rana.