Monoclonal antibodies. Mẽne ne, kuma abin da suke su ga?

Antibodies (immunoglobulins) sunadaran kira Y-siffar. Sun shiga a cikin ganewa da kuma tukar tumbi da waje gyara (antigens). Antibody za'ayi da tsarin na rigakafi a mayar da martani ga antigen shigar azzakari cikin farji. Kowane immunoglobulin iya gane da kuma sadarwa tare da dan hanya takamaiman kashi.

Saboda gaskiya cewa antibodies kewaya ta hanyar jini, su ne samuwa ga kowane sashi na jiki. Daure wani immunoglobulin ga antigen iya hana ci gaban tafiyar matakai da taimakawa ga cuta, ko kai ga halakar da waje kashi.

Na rigakafi da martani na jiki zuwa wani, ko da mafi sauki, da waje bangaren da aka kira polyclonal. A wasu kalmomin, na rigakafi da tsarin samar (generates) a jam'i na immunoglobulins magance daban-daban antigens.

Monoclonal antibodies ne-cell kwafi masu kunnen doki. Domin kowane irin cell manufa (manufa) ne a tsare antigen ga ganewa da kuma dauri na rigakafi da tsarin da aka ɓullo da wani takamaiman immunoglobulin, wanda cell gada.

A far yana amfani da hada a cikin Lab, maimakon a tsarin na rigakafi, monoclonal antibodies. Lokacin da ingested, su aiwatar farawa kunnawa da sauran gyara na kariya tsarin ya hallaka takamaiman antigens. Saboda haka, misali, gabatar a cikin wani kwayoyin monoclonal antibody domin lura da ciwon daji.

A farko clone Kwayoyin cewa an hada a dakunan gwaje-gwaje, sun kunshi gaba ɗaya daga linzamin kwamfuta sunadaran. Wannan tsokani a wajen tsanani matsalar. Gaskiyar cewa "linzamin kwamfuta" monoclonal antibodies da mutum rigakafi da tsarin tsinkayen yadda antigens - waje abubuwa, kuma ta haka ne ya haifar da wani dauki da su. Wannan ba kawai nufi da ci gaban da rigakafi da martani. Tsaro tsarin a cikin jiki fara rushe monoclonal antibodies kafin su iya amfana da shi.

Kamar yadda lokaci ya wuce, wasu daga cikin sunadaran a linzamin kwamfuta Kwayoyin fara da za a maye gurbinsu da mutum gina jiki aka gyara, da ake kira "chimeric". Tare da karuwa a cikin rabo na abubuwa na mutum immunoglobulins suna (hada) da aka kira "humanized monoclonal antibody".

Shirye-shirye dauke da wadannan aka gyara, koma zuwa wajen niyya hanyoyin kwantar da hankali. A wasu kalmomin, da kwayoyi da aka tsara aiki kai tsaye a kan Kwayoyin, har suka sa cin gaban pathological tafiyar matakai. Shi ne sau da yawa ya fi dacewa Hanyar fiye da na al'ada warkewa regimens. Bugu da ƙari kuma, da yawa daga cikin saba magunguna yi nufin su bi da, misali, mahara sclerosis, da ciwon daji, rheumatoid amosanin gabbai da kuma sauran pathologies ne mai guba, kuma suna da hani a kan total dosages, m ga gwamnati zuwa haƙuri.

Daga cikin mafi mashahuri magunguna monoclonal antibodies kamata a lura da kayayyakin aiki, kamar "MabThera", "Rituxan" (amfani da wadanda ba Hodgkin ta lymphoma), 'Herceptin' (amfani da nono).

A magani yana fatan high na rairaya da fasaha na monoclonal antibodies. Duk da haka, akwai wasu gazawa. Saboda haka, hada immunoglobulins ne ma manyan kwayoyin. Yana ba da damar su shiga zurfi a cikin kyallen takarda ko a cikin sel. Su ba su yi nufi ga baka (baka) gwamnati. Bugu da ƙari, za a cimma da ake so sakamako na maida hankali na wadannan antibodies kada wuce biyar zuwa goma sau dubu maida hankali manufa antigen. Developing hada immunoglobulins yi kawai a cell al'adu, wanda a nuna da ke sa su samar da quite tsada.