Nikolai Shchors - gwarzo na Civil War: A Biography

An dade an san cewa a juyin juya halin yin romance. Bẽne akida, kyawawan dabi'u, jihãdi yin duniya a mafi alheri kuma mafi kawai - ya sadar da irin raga iya kawai gaske incorrigible idealist. Hakazalika, wani mutum ya Nikolai Shchors - ɗan wani jirgin ma'aikacin, wani hafsa na sarauta sojojin da Red Army kwamandan. Ya rayu kawai shekaru 24, amma tafi a cikin tarihin kasar a matsayin wata alama da kawai gwagwarmayar da hakkin ya rayu a farin ciki da kuma m jihar.

Iyaye 'gidan

A kananan katako gidan, wanda ya dauki tsari karkashin alfarwa a manyan sprawling Maple. Yana da aka gina a 1894 da Aleksandr Nikolaevich Schors. A search na rayuwa, ya koma wani karamin gari Snovsk ginshiƙai a Minsk yankin 19-shekara boys. Ya aka girke a cikin fadar sojoji, amma bayan da sabis ya kõma zuwa ga makõmarku gari. Akwai jiran shi Alexander - daya daga cikin iyali Tabelchukov ya'ya mata da suka Alexander takalman dakin. Dab da su ma'auratan sayi ƙasar da kuma gina gida a kan shi. 6 ga watan Yuni da suka farko yaro da aka haife, mai suna bayan kaka, - Nikolay Shchors. Yana da aka 1895.

Mahaifinsa aiki a kan reluwe. Da farko, a laborer, makaniki, mai kashe gobara. Sai ya wãyi gari mataimakin injiniya, da kuma a shekara ta 1904 ta zartar da jarrabawa ga direban - at Libava-Romny reluwe ya tuka wata shunting locomotive. A wannan lokaci, gidan bayyana ko hudu yara. Kamar haka ya fara rayuwa na gaba gwarzo na Civil War Schors.

yara

Rayuwa a cikin iyali kome na ƙwarai ba tsaya a waje. Mahaifinsa yi aiki, da kuma uwar shi da iyalinsa chores da yaro rearing. Nicholas ba ya ba ta matsala. Yaron ya wayo kuma ba a m shekaru. Na koyi karatu da rubutu a cikin shekaru shida, yayin da shekaru takwas ya fara halartar azuzuwan a malami Anna Vladimirovna Gorobtsovoy - ta shirya yara ga shigarwa a cikin jirgin Ikklesiya makaranta. A 1905 ta soma nazarin Schors. Tarihinsa ba zai iya zama daban-daban - a ƙishirwa ga ilimi a yaron ya m.

A shekara daga baya da iyali sha wahala a baƙin ciki - mahaifiyarta mutu. Ta ba shi da lafiya tare da tarin fuka da kuma ya mutu a Belarus, inda ya ziyarci dangi. 'Ya'ya biyar, a manyan gona, da kuma aiki a kan reluwe. A gidan yana bukatar mace - don haka ya yanke shawarar Senior Schors. Nikolay Aleksandrovich daga baya ya tuna cewa uwar rana, ya a farko ya yi maƙiya liyafar. Amma sannu a hankali da dangantaka za ta inganta. Musamman cewa sabuwar matar mahaifinsa, ta sunan kuwa Maryamu K., ta haifi 'ya'ya biyar a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. The iyali girma, da kuma Nick ne babban na yara. Makaranta ya kammala karatunsa, a 1909, da wani creditable wasika da sosai so su ci gaba da ilimi.

Kudin shiga soja makaranta

Amma mahaifinta ya sauran tsare-tsaren. Ya yi fatan cewa dansa zai je aiki da kuma za su taimaka cikin iyali. Don gane da abubuwan da gyara da rai labarin Shchorsa, tunanin da m kishin ilmi. Shi ne da karfi da cewa a karshen uban ya ba har. A farko ƙoƙari ya m. Bayan kudin shiga ga likita makaranta Nikolaev teku Kohl kalar daya batu.

A tawayar jihar na saurayi koma gida - yanzu ya yarda ya je aiki a cikin reluwe daffo. Amma ba zato ba tsammani uban tsayayya. A wannan lokaci, tare da mai kyau takardar shaidar ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare da kuma kaninsa Constantine. Alexander kawo 'ya'yansa biyu da kuma kai su tafiya zuwa Kiev soja likita makaranta. A wannan lokaci duk abin da ya tafi da kyau - 'yan'uwa biyu ya wuce ƙofar jarrabawa. Nuna rubutu da 'ya'ya maza na daya ruble, farin ciki mahaifin bar for Snovsk. Domin da farko lokacin Nikolai Shchors tafi ya zuwa yanzu daga gida. Fara wani sabon lokaci na rayuwarsa.

Jami'in na na sarki sojojin

Sharuddan binciken a wani soja makaranta sun m, amma suna da wani babban tasiri a kan samuwar da hali na nan gaba na almara rabo kwamandan na Red Army. A shekara ta 1914, a cikin daya daga cikin raka'a sa kusa Vilnius, ta zo da wani digiri na biyu na Kiev soja makaranta Schors. Nikolay Aleksandrovich fara bauta a matsayin junior paramedic. Ba da da ewa bi da gabatarwar da Rasha Empire a yakin duniya na, da kuma na uku haske manyan bindigogi bataliya, abin da hidima a matsayin mai sa Schors, ya aika zuwa gaban. Nicholas za'ayi da rauni da kuma samar da taimako na farko. A daya yaƙi paramedic kansa rauni da dama a kan asibiti gado.

Bayan ya dawo da ke zuwa Vilnius soja makaranta, wadda aka kwashe zuwa Poltava. Ya hankali shtudiruet soja kimiyya - dabara, topography, wuriyar aiki. A May 1916 a wani ajiye rajimanti, wanda aka quartered a Simbirsk isa Ensign Schors. Biography gaba rabo kwamandan a wannan lokaci na rayuwa da ke sa mai kaifi nuna. Bayan 'yan watanni sai aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga 335th rajimanti 85 dakaru Division. A lokacin da yãƙi a cikin ta Kudu-Western Front, Nikolay Aleksandrovich gaba da aka ciyar da su biyu leftana. Duk da haka, asalin {wuriyar rai kuma mummunan gadar hali ya yi su aiki - da tubercular aiwatar fara a hafsa matashi. Kusan watanni shida daga baya, da ya bi a Simferopol. A Disamba 1917, demobilized daga cikin sojojin, ya koma ƙasarsa Snovsk. Kamar wancan ƙare lokacin da sabis a fadar sojojin.

A farkon juyin juya halin Musulunci gwagwarmaya

A wuya sau koma Nikolai Shchors zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Shi ne wani aiki gwagwarmayar ikon tsakanin jam'iyyu daban-daban. Rundunar fratricidal yaki cike Ukrainian asashe, da kuma dawo daga gaba, da sojoji gefe tare da daban-daban masu dauke da makamai. A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1918, Central Rada yarjejeniya tare da Jamus da Austriya. Ga wani hadin gwiwa gwagwarmaya tare da Soviets a kan ƙasa na kasar shiga Jamus sojojin.

Nikolay siyasa da zabi sanya wani a gaban lokacin da ya sadu da Bolsheviks da kuma gane shirin na su Party. Saboda haka, a Snovsk ya sauri kafa links tare da kwaminisanci karkashin kasa. A kan umarnin da jam'iyyar Nikolay cell da aka aiko zuwa Novozybkov gundumar, a kauyen Semenovka. Ga shi nan ta samar da wata partisan naúrar yaƙi da Jamus sojojin. An gogaggen soja sun jimre da kyau tare da na farko alhakin aiki. Ya halicci wani hadin gwiwa detachment kunshi 350-400 mayakan horar da jagoranci ayyukan soji a yankin da kuma Zlynka Klintsov, gudanar da tsoro yaƙin hare-hare a kan jirgin line Gomel - Bryansk. Ya tsaya a kai na matasa Red Army kwamandan Schors. Biography of Nikolai Alexandrovich tun lokacin da aka hade da gwagwarmaya don kafa a kan ƙasa na Ukraine na Soviet iko.

ritaya

Aiki yaƙin rundunar tilasta rundunar Jamus zuwa kai nauyi asarar da, da kuma Jamus umurnin yanke shawarar kawo ƙarshen ta zama. Tare da nauyi yãƙi guerrillas gudanar ya tsere daga encirclement da kuma tattara zuwa garin Unecha yanki, wanda aka located a kan ƙasa na Rasha. Ga naúrar aka makaman da wargaza - kamar yadda wajabta doka ta.

Na shchors kansa ya tafi zuwa Moscow. Ya ko da yaushe ya so ya koya kuma ya so ya tafi zuwa ga likita makaranta. Revolutionary maelstrom na yaki tsohon soja kwanan nan canza tsare-tsaren. A watan Yuli na shekarar 1918, da farko Congress na Bolshevik Ukraine, bi da - halittar jam'iyyar kwamitin tsakiya da kuma juyin juya hali kwamitin, wanda aiki ya samar da sabon soja raka'a na yaƙin kungiyoyin na mayakan - Nicholas ya kõmo zuwa Unecha. Ya tambaye ta samar da shugabanci a rajimanti na gida mazauna da kuma sojoji Dnieper yaƙin kungiyar. A watan Satumba, da rajimanti aka mai suna bayan Ivana Boguna - wanda ya mutu a Chernihiv abokin aiki Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. A tunawa da waɗannan kwanaki a gaban tashar jirgin a Unecha tsaye Shchors tunawa - daya daga ƙarami generals na Red Army.

Ina tafiya tare da tudu detachment

Bogunskiy rajimanti da a cikin sahu na Red Army a 1500 da kuma wani memba na farko Division na 'yan tawaye. Nan da nan bayan samuwar na Red Army ya fara yin forays a cikin raya na Jamus sojojin. A fama, sun samu soja da kwarewa da kuma samun makamai. Daga baya Nikolai Shchors shi ne kwamandan na birged, wanda hada biyu regiments - Bogunskiy da Tarashchansky.

Ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 1918 ta fara wata babbar m, manufar wanda shi ne cikakken kore shi daga ƙasar Ukraine ta Jamus sojojin. Sojoji saki Klintsy, Starodub, Glukhov, Shostka. A marigayi Nuwamba, da rajimanti shiga cikin Tarashchansky Snovsk. Dannawa Red Army da sauri shagaltar da dukkan sabon birane. A Janairu 1919 ya aka dauka Chernihiv da Kozelets Nizhyn. A matuƙar manufa na m ya kwata 'yanci na Kiev. Brigade kwamandan ko da yaushe kasance a sahun gaba. Sojoji mutunta shi domin ya na sirri ƙarfin hali da kuma kula hali zuwa sojoji. Ya taba boye a baya da sojoji da kuma bai zama a cikin raya. Rubuta a 1936, "Song game Shchors" kusan tattara bayanai da tunanin sojoji game da su kwamandan.

Kiev Kwamandan

A tsarin kula da Kiev a cikin hanyar na Red Army tsaya cream na Petlyura sojojin. Schors yanke shawarar nan da nan ta shiga yaki da biyu shelves, da kuma Bogunskiy Tarashchansky, kai hare hare matsayi numerically m maƙiyi. Fabrairu 1, 1919 Petlyura sojojin suka ci da kuma Shchors Brigade yanta birni Brovary. Kiev da aka dauka bayan kwana 4, Shchorsa nada Kwamandan babban birnin kasar Ukraine. Domin babbar gudunmawar da shan kashi na sojojin abokan gaba da kuma ga sirri ƙarfin hali ya aka bayar maras zinariya da makamai. A 1954, perpetuating ƙwaƙwalwar na cewa jaruntakar lokaci a cikin babban birnin kasar Ukraine za su zama wani abin tunawa Shchors.

Jinkiri tsakanin fadace-fadace, da aka short-rayu. Brigade sake shiga fada da 'yanci Zhitomir da kuma Berdichev. A watan Maris 19th Schors ya zama shugaban farko Ukrainian Soviet division. Petliurists sha wahala daya kashi bayan wani. The Red Army 'yanci Vinnitsa da Zhmerinka, Shepetovka da Rivne. Division bayansa da ta recruits daga gida al'umma, amma combatant kwamandojin rasa. A shirin na Schorsa soja makaranta aka kafa, wanda aka aiko zuwa karatu 300 mafi samu na Red Army, da ciwon gaba-line kwarewa.

The m harsashi

A cikin watan Yuni 1919, da Revolutionary Soja Majalisar sake tsarafa Ukrainian gaban. Shchorsa rabo ya zama wani ɓangare na 12th Army. Bayan da gamuwa da shi ya riga ya kasance babba fama da kwarewa da kuma daraja nasarori. Yana da wuya su yi tunanin cewa ya umarci wani rabo kwamandan, wanda shi ne kawai shekaru 24 da haihuwa. Schors gaske da wani gagarumin soja iyawa. Amma shi aiki a matsayin wani dalilin da connection sa a gaba a kan m sojojin abokan gaba.

A karkashin matsin lamba na wani numerically m maƙiyi schorsovtsy tattara a Korosten gundumar. Agusta 30th rabo kwamandan N. A. Schors, da mataimakinsa I. N. Dubovoy da siyasa commissar Tanhil Tanhilevich-riba Bogunskiy division, wanda shagaltar da wani matsayi kusa da kauyen Beloshitsa. Da yake a gaban line na tsaro, Nikolai Shchors aka samu rauni a kai. I. N. Dubovoy ba shi da wani bandeji, amma minti 15 daga baya da kanar mutu. Jikinsa da aka aiko zuwa Klintsy, sa'an nan zuwa Samara, inda aka binne shi. Kamar wancan ƙare rayuwar daya daga ƙarami da kuma mafi talented generals na yakin basasa.

The m labarin

A shekarar 1949, lokacin da reburial ya faru NA Shchorsa ya bayyana a baya ba a sani ba da cikakken bayani. The m harsashi da aka kora daga handgun ya shiga mayar da kai m division kwamandan. Sai dai itace cewa Schors aka kashe shi, ta hannun mutum, wanda ya bãya gare shi a kusa da iyaka. Akwai daban-daban versions na - mutuwa a hannun "Trotskyists" kuma ko da fansa Bolsheviks baro da kuma rare kwamandan sojoji ne.

Name N. A. Schorsa ba a manta, kuma ya exploits aka immortalized da yawa Monuments, titi sunayen da biranen. A mutane har yanzu sauti "Song game Shchors" - m da sadaukarwa da mutum wanda har karshe lokacin rayuwarsa ya yi ĩmãni da yiwuwar gina kawai da gaskiya gwamnati.