Nodule kwayoyin - symbiotic kwayoyin da cewa gyara nitrogen

Nodule kwayoyin ne microorganisms cewa suna cikin HALITTAR Rhizobium (daga kalmar Helenanci ga kalmar -. "Rayuwa a kan tushen"). An gabatar da su a cikin tushen tsarin na shuke-shuke da kuma zauna a can. A lokaci guda su ne ba parasites, t. Don. Ba kawai kwayoyin cuta, amma kuma wakilin Flora amfana. Irin wannan amfanar da wanzuwar kwayoyin kira symbiosis. A wannan yanayin, m shuke-shuke suna samar da yanayi nitrogen da "kama" da kwayoyin da kwayoyin kansu - carbohydrates da kuma ma'adanai. Wasu mutane sun yi imani da cewa wadannan prokaryotes sun zauna a cikin tushen kawai wakilan legume iyali, amma shi ba. Akwai sauran shuke-shuke, wanda tushen samar da mazauninsu nodule prokaryotes - kamar alder, Reed gandun daji da haka a kan ..

Domin kwayoyin Rhizobium HALITTAR ne halin da polymorphism, watau. E siffofin kwayoyin ne sosai bambancin. Wadannan kwayoyin iya zama m da tukwãne, da siffar coccus ko bacillus, filamentary, m. A mafi matasa prokaryotes ne sanda-siffa, wanda tare da kara shekaru da kuma dabam saboda da jari na gina jiki da kuma immobilization. A ta rayuwa sake zagayowar kwayoyin ke ta dama, saukarwa, wanda za a iya hukunci da bayyanar. Da farko wannan siffar da sandunansu, sa'an nan da ake kira "belted sandunansu" (yana belts tare da kitsen inclusions) kuma a karshe bakteriod - manyan irregularly dimbin yawa ajali cell.

Nodule kwayoyin ne musamman, watau. E., Suna kuma iya shirya kawai wani rukuni ko irin shuka. Wannan dukiyar da kwayoyin genetically kafa. Har ila yau muhimmanci shi ne tasiri - da ikon tara yanayi nitrogen a isa yawa domin su rundunar shuka. Wannan dukiyar ba m da kuma za su iya bambanta saboda muhalli da yanayi.

Game da yadda za nodule kwayoyin shiga tushen, babu yarjejeniya, duk da haka, akwai wani yawan shiriritar game da ginshikai na su shigar azzakari cikin farji. Alal misali, wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa prokaryotes aka gabatar a cikin tushen ta hanyar da nama lalacewa, yayin da wasu ce game da shigar azzakari cikin farji ta hanyar tushen dankon. Akwai kuma wani auxin jarrabawa - zato cewa da tauraron dan adam Kwayoyin, wanda taimaka da kwayoyin cuta da za a gabatar a cikin tushen Kwayoyin.

The sosai guda kafawa auku a biyu bulan: na farko - kamuwa da cuta daga tushen hairs, sa'an nan - da samuwar nodules. A tsawon lokaci da na zamani ne daban-daban da kuma dogara a kan irin shuka.

Ma'ana da kwayoyin cuta wanda suke iya gyara nitrogen, shi ne babban ga aikin noma, t. K. Wadannan kwayoyin iya inganta yawan aiki. Daga wadannan kwayoyin kwayan taki da aka shirya, wanda ake amfani da magani tsaba daga leguminous cewa ya inganta sauri kamuwa da asalinsu. Daban-daban na iyali papilionaceous saukowa ko da a kan matalauta kasa ba bukatar ƙarin nitrogen taki. Saboda haka, 1 kadada na wake "a" tare da rhizobia a lokacin shekara fassara a cikin wani mamaye jihar 100-400 kg na nitrogen.

Saboda haka, nodule kwayoyin - symbiotic kwayoyin, waxanda suke da muhimmanci sosai ba kawai a cikin rayuwa da shuka, amma kuma da nitrogen sake zagayowar a yanayi.