Numismatics kimiyya - abin da yake da shi? Numismatics a Rasha

A zabi na numismatics a matsayin ban sha'awa sha'awa, yawanci tasowa a cikin kasuwanci na rayuwa. Wannan ne mai ban sha'awa da kuma ban sha'awa da ya yi, wanda ba ka damar tattara ayyukan art da kuma koyi da tarihin kowane sanya shi.

Kimiyya game da ci gaban da kudi

Numismatics karatu kudi yadda abubuwa, wanda a lokuta daban-daban yana da wani daban-daban siffar da darajar. Tamanin da tsabar kudi a matsayin tarihi shaida gane a zamanin da, amma din ci gaban da nazari na tsabar kudi kawai ya fara a cikin marigayi karni na sha takwas. Austria firist Joseph Hilariusom Eckel aka rubuta aikin Doctrina Numorum Veterum (rukunan farko) a cikin takwas da kundin (Vienna, 1793-1799), wanda ƙoƙarin magance duk tsabar kudi na zamanin d Girkanci da kuma Roman coinage aka sanya. Bayan wani lokaci na aiki Eckel sarrafa ta da sauran masu bincike.

Wannan ya ba impetus ga kimiyya sabon abu na numismatics. Mene ne nazari na babban numismatic tarin, da aka sani a Turai. amfaninsa na ilimi, akwai taskoki da aka kaddamar. Daga Austria zuwa wasu kasashen tako numismatics matsayin kimiyya a cikin shahararrun jami'o'i karkashin kulawa na gogaggen masana tarihi da kuma archaeologists. A cikin marigayi 1850s fito tsoho jama'a tare da specialization "nazarin tsabar kudi."

Ta yaya ya zama numismatist

Ilimi shi ne babban ga kayan aiki da tattara tsabar kudi. Tare da su zo da so a cikin zurfin bincike na kudi a duniya. Duk iya zama numismatist da kuma tafiyar da m da alheri sha'awa. Numismatics - da kimiyya da nazarin yadda kudi ya samo asali a tsawon shekaru. Don yin wannan m abu ya yi shi ne kawai fara zuwa karatu da hanyoyin da tattara tsabar kudi. Akwai daban-daban da kungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda za ka iya shiga. Amma ba lallai ba ne ga shi za a dauke kanta a numismatist. Da zarar ka sanya yanke shawarar karatu da kuma tattara tsabar kudi, ka farko bukatar fahimta cewa your tarin ba zai zama cikakke ba.

ban sha'awa sha'awa,

Fara your sabon sha'awa, karanta game da daban-daban na tsabar kudi, koyi da tarihi.

• Koyi game da daban-daban kayan wadda tsabar kudi ake yi.
• Koyi da haddasawa da kuma dalilai na su darajar. Tare da jari na ilimi a kan tarihin, za ka iya ganin cewa, darajar haihuwa tsabar kudi ne ba ko da yaushe dogara da ya tsufa.
• Lura da kwanan wata na yi na kowane tsabar kudin, kuma don ƙarin bayani a kan ta rarity.
• Idan kwanan wata ya sawa kashe, matakin da rarity na tsabar kudin ƙaddara da kwarzana image.
• Yana dole ne a tuna da cewa tsaftacewa tsabar kudi iya rage kudin.
• Gano abin da wani "remake" a numismatics? Musamman domin numismatists ake yi har na tsabar kudi tare da daban-daban kare da cewa su ne halayyar daban-daban epochs. Irin kayayyakin kira remakes. Wani lokacin ajalin da aka yi amfani da su karya ne.
• Ci gaba nazarin tarihi da kuma muhimmancin da tsabar kudi.

Mene ne wani tsabar kudin

Da farko dole ne ka da wani fahimtar ma'anar kalmar "tsabar". Wannan yanki na karfe ko wani abu bokan ãyã, wanda kayyade denomination. Duk wadannan bayanai suna ƙaddara da takardun, wanda aka bayar ta zartarwa dalĩli don en kudi. A mafi bayyane jiki sifa da tsabar kudin ne abu daga abin da aka samar - shi ne kusan ko da yaushe, har zuwa yanzu, karfe. A zamanin da ko da amfani da itace, kashi. Zaba domin coinage karafa dole ne a isa yawa don samar da feedstock mints. A zabi na kayan bambanta daga al'ada zuwa al'ada. A China, na farko zabi na karfe fadi a kan jan a India - Azurfa, a kasashe da dama sun yi amfani da zinariya, da azurfa gami (electrum) ko azurfa. Yawanci, a cikin bayanin da tsabar kudi amfani da harshen Turanci sharuddan, amma da misali kundayen ne kusan duk fāɗin duniya used abbreviations, wanda ake samu daga Latin. Alal misali, AV (Aurum) - yana da zinariya, AR (Argentum) - azurfa, AE (AES) - tagulla da kuma ta gami. Coins kerarre da pruff fasaha, su ne musamman ban sha'awa ga tsabar kudin. Mene ne dalilin da a numismatics? A gaba daya m goge m tsabar kudin akwatin da aka sanya da wani contrasting launi matt labari. Kwalayen aka shirya a dama kusassari zuwa filin, kuma sau da yawa ya bi sawun na polishing abu. A lokacin da samar da tsabar kudi samar da biyu ko fiye da shanyewar jiki. Haraji ƙaunar irin farfado a ci gaba da haske da kuma dullness.

Yadda ya yi da tsoho tsabar kudi

Kowane tsoho tsabar kudin da aka yi da hannu. The karfe, a shi tagulla, azurfa ko zinariya da aka zuba a cikin kyawon tsayuwa don samar da flan - guraben. Suna sanyaya kasa da narkewa batu na tsanani da kuma sanya a cikin wani matrix. Metal image for canja wurin wani tsabar kudin kira kuri'a. A na biyu da yawa a cikin nau'i na wani image an ƙulli a daya gefen da workpiece. A matrices aka yanka da hannu da kuma hada wata biyu daga sassa. Sassake da daban-daban dabam, don haka wannan irin tsabar kudi na iya zama stylistic bambance-bambance daga tsabar kudin da sauran al'amurran da suka shafi daga cikin jerin. Sunayen da tsabar kudi sukan alama da sunan mulki ko da masana'antu dabarun na kudi. A cikin tambaya na "dinari" title, numismatics yi imanin cewa, sunan da aka samu daga image a kan obverse na St. Georgiya Pobedonostsa da mashi, da kuma daga baya, akwai wani sauki mahayi, amma kuma da mashi. An yi imani da cewa wani karamin tsabar kudin popularly Kwafa shi a cikin girmamawa ga mashi.

Yadda za a bayyana da tsabar kudi a cikin taskoki

A zamanin da, wani na kowa hanyar Manufacturing da kudi da aka bi a kayyade nauyi na tsabar kudi daga wani musamman gami, wanda ake kira da maras muhimmanci darajar. Numismatics yi imanin cewa, wannan wani kwatanta shi ne nauyin kowane jerin iya gane tsabar kudin da misali, wanda zai iya zama da muhimmanci ga tarihi, ko da ingancin danganta da wasu kayayyakin. Golf - wani yanki a kan surface na tsabar kudin a kusa da inscriptions, wanda ya samar da da backdrop. An sau da yawa ya kasu kashi hagu da kuma dama. Wani sashi na shi yana da nasa sunan kansa. Yana da wani ajali wanda yana da saiwoyinsa a Greek harshen da kalmar "tsohon" da "ergon" da kuma nufin na da Mint. Akwai wani labari da kasida. A lokaci ya sami asali daga Latin fi'ili siffofin "LEGO", wanda yake nufin "karanta". Yana bayyana da abun ciki na tsabar kudi. The labari iya nuna bayarwa da ikon Mint, da Mint mark, ya kwatanta inscriptions da kuma hotuna. Rubuta da kuma alamomin iya kewaye ko sanã'anta a cikin kamanni da kuma ci gaba da jinni. Ya ce numismatics, cewa irin wannan wani Bugu da kari kira halaye da adjuncts.

Kada mu bukatar sanin terminology

Ancient tsabar kudi tattara ta haraji ga ƙarni. Fiye da yanzu masu wadannan taskõkin. Mutane da yawa haihuwa tsabar kudi a kasuwa ana sayar wa haraji magada sauran haraji.

Sifa ko Halo kira tarawa da image a cikin wani nau'i na wreath ko Diadem, sandan ko Palm, draperies, huluna, zaren, cornucopia, ball, mashi. Mataimakin ne yawanci a kan filin ko a cikin rubutu. A cikin bayanin irin image jerin daga hagu zuwa dama bayan da bayanin irin tsakiyar adadi. A bukatar gane terminology numismatics cewa wajibi ne a raba sharuddan obverse da baya, ko "kawunansu" da "wutsiyoyi" a kan gaban da kuma baya daga cikin tsabar kudin taimaka wajen bayyana farfado. Babu wani daga wadannan nau'i-nau'i yana da wani dangane da dabara na tsabar kudin samar. Yana da muhimmanci a san abin da aka nuna a kan gaban da matrix da kuma a kan ta baya gefe. A tarihin asalin na tsabar kudi, da wanda suka kasance kafin, yana iya zama da daraja fiye da tarin kanta. Musamman idan farfado zo daga cikin sanannun haraji ko gwanjo.

Abin da kaya da ake amfani a cikin tarin

Mutane da yawa tsoho tsabar kudi samu a cikin ƙasa sarrafawa da archaeological Monuments. Numismatics Rasha, mafi yawansu ba su nuna a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya collections. Ancient tsabar kudi, wanda bayar a kan kasuwa yau, an samu, mafi yawa a abubuwan tarawa kungiyar. Wannan farfado da cewa an rasa ko binne shi a zamanin da da kuma aka samu ta hanyar koyo tare da karfe kusa da archaeological shafukan. A zamanin da, akwai wani bankuna. A gabansa hadari, da masu dukiya kawai binne su a cikin ƙasa. Wasu kasashen haramta search for tsoho tsabar kudi na karfe injimin gano illa. Wasu jihohin da dokokin da cewa ba da damar binciken dukiyar da ya ci gaba, ko sayar da wasu ko duk abin da suka kasance, da kuma wannan shi ne tushen antiquities a kasuwa yau.