Archaeological shafukan a Rasha da kuma kasashen waje. Iri archaeological Monuments

Archaeological shafukan - mai dukiya shiru shaidu tun zamunan baya. Su yi tunani da ayyuka na mutum wanda ya rayu a cikin waɗancan kwanaki, idan akwai aka gina wani musamman tarihi abu. Masana kimiyya duk Monuments kasu kashi kungiyoyin dangane da manufa ga abin nufi yi.

Iri archaeological Monuments

Just bukatar in yi ajiyar - da rarrabuwa ne sabani. Daban-daban kafofin rarrabuwa kõma sama domin dalilai daban-daban da kuma na iya bambanta muhimmanci daga juna.

• Funerary Monuments hada mounds, binnewa filaye, makabartun, cenotaphs, tunawa gidaje da kuma wasu wuraren. Wadannan archaeological shafukan ne na yawa iri. By nazarin su, masana kimiyya ba zai iya mayar da hadisai na al'umma, da suka gaskata. Ba dole ne a ce cewa mounds ne inda aka binne mutane - wannan shi ne ya fi kowa archaeological shafukan a cikin ƙasa na Rasha, musamman a cikin steppe da gandun daji yankunan.
• Mazauni Monuments kamar da tsohon birnin, parking, kogo, masana'antu nazarinsa, mahakar, hanyoyi, samar da ruwa da tsarin gani yau da kullum 'yan adam da su ne mafi muhimmanci da bayanai game da hanyar rayuwa na mutane da a wasu shekaru. Bayyana cikin gidãjen mutane, samu a sakamakon rami, wani lokacin sosai daban-daban daga juna. Construction daga cikin wuraren da mutane rayu dogara a kan tsawon lokacin da zai zauna a wannan wuri, da babban aiki, na ga wani musamman caste, da kuma wasu dalilai.
• Addini Monuments ba wani tunani na ibada, sanya a haikalin, kuma wuraren bauta da kuma sauran wuraren da waliyai mutum. By wannan na nufin Monuments hada da dutse sculptures cewa wanzu a dukan sassa na duniya. Wani lokaci su kasance wani ɓangare na tunawa hadaddun, amma a wasu lokuta, da za'ayi wani m rawa a cikin hukumar wasu rituals.
• M art ne kogo zane-zane, graphics, sassaka. Wadannan iri archaeological shafukan da ake samu a kan dukkan nahiyoyi na duniya. suka bambanta kawai a ciki, Hanyar da kisa. Kuma shi ta dogara da lokaci na halittar zane, mutum wurin zama, ta ruhaniya al'adu. A rarrabe da Monuments na irin wannan ne cewa su ne a kan surface na duniya, da kuma musamman aikin dangantaka da su samu, ba lallai ba ne su gudanar da wani.
• Kogon Monuments ne na girma tarihi darajar. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wani mutum quite lokaci mai tsawo amfani kogon matsayin mazauni ko tsari daga hatsari. Sa'an nan daba bikin da aka gudanar a gare su. Monuments, a samu a cikin kogwanni, gudanar da wani arziki na bayani game da rayuwa a cikin zurfin baya.
• Domin na musamman kungiyar na Monuments hada biyo binciken, wrecks, birni, taskõkin da kuma sauran abubuwa. A cewar shi, ya yi yawa, za ka iya mayar da tarihi da mutane.

Traces of mutum aiki, ya rayu dubun, daruruwa da dubban shekaru da suka wuce, ma'ana babu, shi ne wani indisputable gaskiya. Wasu daga cikin wadannan archaeological shafukan suna da kyau da aka sani ga masana kimiyya, da jama'a, suna amfani da zamani mutumin ga wasu dalilai. A kan sauran kayayyakin gargajiya na mutãne da duk da haka koyi. A wannan connection, iri archaeological shafukan kasu kashi da aka sani, kuma ba a sani ba. Nau'i na farko na binciken shafukan, kare da dokar jihar inda aka located, kuma ta haka ne, wasu har kare su daga hallaka. A na biyu nau'i na Monuments, wanda lalle ne, haƙĩƙa zama, Adam ba ta san wani abu, muddin suka ɓoye mana.

A zamanin m mutum

Archaeological Site na m zamanin nuna cewa mutum rai ne da farko dogara a kan yanayin damina a cikin abin da ya rayu. Saboda haka, misali, game da 35-40 shekara dubu da suka wuce, a mahimmin juzu'in zamani Turai Rasha da ke a cikin m sashi daga cikin gleiser.

Babban irin mutum aiki a wannan lokaci da aka farauta, kamar yadda a cikin periglacial yankin da kuma kudancin shi vodilos babbar dama dabbobi. Sai suka ba ba kawai tufafi da abinci amma kuma tsari. Masana tarihi sun sami ragowar gidãjensu, inda taimako da ginshiƙai, da kwasfansu na gine-gine da kuma su Frames sanya na ƙasusuwan manyan dabbobi. Mammoths, reindeer, kogon zakoki, woolly dorina da yawa wasu dabbobi an farauta tsoho mutum.

A lokacin da gina gidaje ya zama dole domin tam acikin sarƙa ƙasũsuwa tare, domin wannan ya yi da su a cikin ramukan da kuma GROOVES. An rufe Tsarin irin dumi dabba fãtun jikinsu. Mafi sau da yawa gidãjensu sun madauwari siffar da conical rufin.

Har ila yau samu jana'izar mutane - mafi muhimmanci da archaeological shafukan da m zamanin. Binciken bayar da shawarar cewa dutse da dabba ƙasũsuwa kasance babban kayan daga wanda ya yi kayan aikin, makamai da kuma ado na zamanin d mutumin. Tare da canji a yanayin damina canza a Flora da fauna, kazalika da iri mutum aiki. Babban mazauninsu sun ambaliyar tuddanta, jihar bakin teku wuraren kududdufai. A nan ne da masana kimiyya suna kullum gano archaeological shafukan, wanda taimaka don gano hanyar rayuwa na prehistoric mutum.

Amma don samun cikakken hoto na juyin halittar mutum, masana kimiyya da zuwa karatu a manyan adadin tarihi abu. Tare da ta dace hali na tono masana tarihi sosai sau da yawa a wurin aiki ba zai iya samun archaeological shafukan na zuwa daban-daban epochs na rayuwar dan Adam. Waɗannan su ne binciken masana kimiyya ne mafi muhimmanci.

dutse shekaru

Archaeological shafukan da Stone Age kai ga ƙarshe cewa karshen wannan lokaci, wani mutum riga ya mamaye wani babban yankin da kuma ta habitats aka located in sassa daban daban na Duniya. Sake ma su matsugunni da mutane saboda sauyin yanayi Warming, da mãsu bãyar da bãya daga glaciers. Canza da Flora da fauna - akwai coniferous gandun daji, sanaki jinsuna daban na dabbobi. A manyan yawan kananan da manyan tafkunan, inda kifi vodilas, ya ba impetus ga ci gaban kamun kifi. Kuma nemi gandun daji dabbobi ne riga daban-daban daga abin da ta kasance kafin. Tools da makamai samu a wuraren da mutane rayuwa, ko da yake an sanya daga dutse, amma yana da wani karin cikakken siffofin da kuma hanyoyin da magani daga littattafai.

Archaeological shafukan da Stone Age ma na nuna gaskiyar cewa mutane akwai farkon addini da al'adun, da mutum-zane. Canza zaman rayuwa. Archaeological shafukan da Stone Age Rasha samu kusan a ko'ina cikin kasar. A mafi karatu Monuments samu cikin abin da yake a yanzu Kaliningrad, Moscow, Kaluga da Tver yankuna, da Ussuri yankin da kuma wasu sauran wurare.

Abubuwan da ya yi a baya

Domin saukaka masu bincike da kuma bullo da wani takamaiman tsari a cikin wannan fanni na aiki na duk archaeological shafukan na duniya, an rubuta su, kuma ya shiga cikin wani musamman jerin. A index ne alama Finds na ga wani zamanin. Bugu da kari, shi ya qayyade iri archaeological shafukan, ya kwatanta su da wani jerin babban binciken. A mataki na halaka aka ƙaddara a lokacin ganewa na tarihi abu. Domin masana kimiyya, yana da muhimmanci sosai ga saka ainihin wurin da abin tunawa shafin.

A cikin wadannan fihirisa za ka sami bayani game da jama'a tarin da kuma gidajen tarihi a duniya suna adana abubuwa samu a archaeological shafukan. Duk wani sha'awar mutum yana da damar familiarize kansu tare da jerin wallafe-wallafe, wanda ya samar da mafi cikakken da kuma cikakken bayanin da archaeological shafukan, da tarihi da gano shi, da ci gaba da ayyukan da alaka da rami. Yana iya zama da wallafe-wallafen, Siyasa da kuma kimiyya kafofin.

A babban kari ne a cikin jerin kundayen ne archaeological maps cewa, a cikin wasu abubuwa, ba ka damar ganin abin da wuraren a duniya har yanzu kadan karatu da masana tarihi.

Yanã shiryar da archaeological shafukan wanzu a kowace kasa. Archeological Monuments a kan ƙasa na Rasha kuma hada a wani musamman jerin, wanda aka shirya a matsayin sabon bayanai bayar da masana kimiyya.

Rasha archaeological Monuments

Archaeological sami a cikin ƙasa na Rasha ba nadiri. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna da duniya muhimmancin, tilasta masana kimiyya canza fahimta daga cikin shakka na ci gaba da wanzuwar daban-daban kaya.

Alal misali, a Khakassia, a cikin kwari na White Iyusa, tsoho da Haikalina da aka bude a 1982. A lura tsari ne reminiscent na Observatory. Bayan nazarin binciken na archaeologists sun zo ga ƙarshe cewa a lokacin da Bronze Age mutane da suka rayu a cikin abin da yake a yanzu Siberia, sun iya amfani da kalanda da kuma tare da mamaki daidaito da lokaci.

Ko da more mamaki binciken a Achinsk yankin. Stick na Santa hauren giwa mai rufi da peculiar juna ba kasa da 18 shekara dubu. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa wannan batu ne kuma a irin Lunar-hasken rana kalanda. Wannan ya nuna kasancewar wani ko mafi tsoho wayewar fiye da Sumerian, Masar, Hindu, Persian, Sin.

A cikin manya kai na da Yenisei, Altai, da aka sani tsakanin archaeologists Kurgan Arzhan. The ban sha'awa abu ne cewa, da dokokin ta yi da kuma tsari ne m ga waɗanda for wanda binne Tsarin aka gina wasu wurare kuma a wasu lokuta.
A kan ƙasa na Asiya ta tsakiya, a cikin kudancin Siberia, da Caucasus, ragowar ban ruwa tsarin, hanyoyi, wuraren smelting gano by archaeologists a cikin Crimea.
Rasha archaeological Monuments located a ko'ina cikin jihar. Siberia, da Far East da kuma Turai ɓangare na kasar, da Urals, da Caucasus, Altai - yankuna inda musamman tarihi Finds aka gano. A da yawa daga cikin wadannan yankunan, tono ne a yau.

A ƙasa na zamanin d Urals

Archaeological shafukan da Urals ya gaske shahara. A zama na zamanin d ƙauyuka a wadannan wurare, masana tarihi ce 'yan ƙarni da suka wuce. Amma kawai a shekarar 1987, musamman balaguro garu shiri Arkaim da aka samu. An located a Kudancin Urals, tsakanin babba hanya na kõguna Tobol kuma Ural.

The balaguro da aka nada saboda yi shiryawa a cikin wadannan yankunan a manyan tafki. archaeologists tawagar kunshi biyu masana kimiyya, da 'yan dalibai. Babu wani daga cikin jagoranci da kuma mambobi na balaguro da wani ra'ayin na yiwu wanzuwar wani musamman tarihi abin tunawa a cikin steppe yankuna na Ural yankin. A halayyar siffofin taimako da aka gani da hatsari.

Around da tsohon birnin, masana kimiyya sun gano 21 more tsoho shiri, wanda ya nuna kasancewar wani irin birane a kasar. Bugu da kari, wannan binciken ya tabbatar da sake cewa archaeological shafukan da Urals ne sosai musamman.

A wadannan wurare, masana kimiyya sun sami wani shiri na mutane da suka rayu a nan 8-9 shekara dubu da suka wuce. Daga cikin sauran binciken, sami ragowar dabbobin gida. Wannan ya nuna cewa ko da idan wani mutum da aka tsunduma a cikin namo.

The kawai debe ne cewa tono aka za'ayi negligently, a take hakkin kullum yarda da dokoki da ka'idoji. Saboda wannan dalili, wani ɓangare na zamanin d shiri hallaka. Irin wannan hali ga tarihi za a iya samu shiga gasar a matsayin babban laifi. Kariya na archaeological shafukan kamata a da za'ayi a jihar matakin.

Tarihi Arkaima binciken ya ci gaba. By tafki yi shirin, dukan ƙasa, wanda yake shi ne tarihi abin tunawa, ya je a karkashin ruwa. Duk da haka, godiya ga kokarin da wasu jama'a da kuma masana kimiyya na musamman da abu iya kare.

A 1992, da dukan yankin, a kan abin da Arch, ya tafi Ilmen Jihar Reserve, zama rassansa. Don kwanan wata, mu gudanar da wani cikakken binciken na tunawa. Yana amfani da wannan manufa ba kawai Hanyar rami, amma kuma wasu zamani da hanyoyin kimiyya na karatu da kayan.

A site na wani gine-gine abin tunawa gano ragowar mutane da dabbobi. Yana da aka koya cewa doki ya riga an yi amfani da matsayin wajen mutum motsi. Gano kayan doki, kayayyakin amfani ga ta samar.

Tukwane kayayyaki da kuma kumar kasko - daya more shaida cewa ya nuna wani sabon matakin na ci gaba da sana'o'i. Arrowheads, karfe sassa na kayan aikin yi shaida da haka nan.

A mafi m ga zamani mutumin iya ze cewa najasa tsarin da ruwa da aka samu a kagara.

Samara da kuma ta m da

Archaeological shafukan da Samara yankin unusually bambanta a irin da kayayyaki na musamman zamanin. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da ƙasa na zamani Samara aka sanaki mutane na wani 100 shekara dubu da suka wuce. Man janyo hankalin m yanayi da cewa ne muhimmi a cikin steppe da gandun daji-steppe zone.

Yau, masana kimiyya sani na game da dubu biyu tsoho Monuments, wanda aka gano a cikin yankin. Wasu daga cikin su har yanzu wanzu a yau, yayin da wasu sun bace saboda su daukan hotuna zuwa halitta haddasawa ko a sakamakon ayyukan mutane. Akwai da yawa Monuments, kasancewar abin da aka sani, amma archaeological aiki domin su binciken ya ba tukuna fara. Bugu da kari, dole ne mu tuna cewa rami na tunawa zai jima ko daga baya kai ta zuwa ga halaka. Wannan ne ma lokacin da ayyukansu da kuma bayan su kammala, a lokacin da zamanin d Tsarin da ake gittar da waje muhalli. Saboda haka, bayani na bukatar rami ya kamata a adalci da kuma dauke.
Archaeological shafukan da Samara yankin hada shafukan na zamanin d adam ƙauyuka da garuruwa, wanda aka gina da mutane a baya lokaci. Ha} ar Ma'adinai, mahakar inda ma'adanai da aka fitar domin samar da kayayyakin aiki, da kuma soja makamai, suna kuma m kafofin bayanai game da harkokin kasuwanci da ayyukan kakanninmu.
Binne mounds kuma beskurgannye - biyu daban-daban na archaeological shafukan. Su ne kuma samuwa a cikin manyan yawa a kan ƙasa na Samara. Saboda da binciken dauke a cikin makabarta, da aka mayar da siffar wani mutum wanda ya rayu a nan, ya bayyana ra'ayinsa, don su bincika matakin na ci gaba da al'adu da kuma fasaha. Masana kimiyya ko da gudanar da su tsayar da akidar mutane na musamman kabila.

A cike suke da tarihin baya na Kazakhstan

Archaeological shafukan da Kazakhstan ne ma mai arziki tushen bayanai game da sake ma su matsugunni da mutane a kasar. Ganin cewa a cikin zamanin da babu rubuta Monuments za a iya daukan kusan kawai shaidar baya.

Daya daga cikin shahararrun tunawa gidaje - Besshatyr tudun - located a kan ƙasa na zamani Kazakhstan. A yi ya burge tare da sikelin - shi ya hada da 31 binne. diamita size daga cikin mafi girma da wanda yake shi ne 104 mita, kuma tsawo - 17 mita. Irin Tsarin wanzu a wasu sassa na kasar.

Saks kabilan

Mutane na zuwa gabashin reshe na Scythian nomadic da kuma Semi-nomadic kabilu, da ake kira tare - Saks. A farkon karni BC, suka zauna cikinsu da ba ƙasa na Asiya ta tsakiya, Kazakhstan, Southern Siberia, da tekun na Aral Sea.

Archaeological shafukan Saks bude zurriyar su hanyarsa ta rayuwa, da ci gaba da al'adu da matakin da hadisai. Mounds sun mayar da hankali, yafi a cikin filin na hunturu parking kabilu. Waɗannan su ne wuraren da cewa Saks ne musamman mai daraja.
Tono da za'ayi a cikin daban-daban habitats cikin al'ummai, suka kai ga ƙarasawa da cewa, babban tattalin arziki da ayyukan Saka al'ummai nomadic, Semi-nomadic da masu zama a gida da dabbobinku. Kabilan bred tumaki, da raƙuma, da dawakai. Bisa ga kayan samu a cikin shakka daga tono, shi ne ko da iya gane wanda dabbobi bred irin Saks.

Bugu da kari, an gano cewa, mutanen na zuwa kabilu, zuwa kashi Categories - firistoci, warriors, kuma commoners. Daga cikin sojojin ya aka zaba sarki, wanda yake mai mulkin kabilan zuwa gama a kwadago.

Daga cikin mafi muhimmanci kimiyya Saka archaeological shafukan - kamar Issyk binne, Uigarak, Tegisken. Besshatyr da Chiliktinskaya mounds sani nisa waje Kazakhstan, Rasha da kuma CIS kasashe.

A lokacin rami na tudun Issyk mutum ragowar da aka samu, wanda a binne jam'iyya ya yi wani mai arziki kayan aiki, da kuma da yawa wasu iyali abubuwa. Daga gare su, da masana kimiyya kidaya game da dubu huɗu guda na zinariya. Shi ne wata ila, ya ce babban matsayi na wani mutum wanda aka huta, da kuma cewa mutane sun yarda da samuwar na afterlife.

Kariya na archaeological shafukan

Masana kimiyya da kuma jama'a Figures na wasu kasashen ya kasance shekaru da yawa kara ƙararrawa game da doka ziyarar da kayayyakin gargajiya da kuma ji ciwo muhimmanci lalacewa. Saboda da aiki aiki na wadannan mutane jerin archaeological shafukan, wanda aka fi sau da yawa fallasa su halakarwa.
Wadannan tarihi sauran kaya ne a yankin Krasnodar, da Primorsky Krai, Perm, karachay-Cherkessia, Astrakhan da Penza yankin, Kislovodsk da kuma wasu yankuna na Rasha. Kamar wannan bakin ciki jerin ne halatar da sittin Monuments, wanda rabo sun fi mayar dogara a kan jagorancin kasar, da kuma daga sauki al'ummarta.