Oprichnina Ivana Groznogo. A takaice game da harkokin siyasa na ta'addanci

Shekaru oprichnina Ivana Groznogo taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin samuwar na Rasha jihar. Sarki yana zaune a kan kursiyin, a 1547. Amma a farkon shekaru na mulkinsa, babban siyasa hanya na jihar shi ba oprichnina Ivana Groznogo.

A takaice game da sake fasalin da ya lashe zabe Rada

Zaba Rada ya zama zahiri shine gwamnati, ya tara daga daraja boyars, manya da wasu jami'an gwamnati da kuma 'yan limaman. Yana amsa wannan gwamnati daga 1547 zuwa 1560 shekara. Da gaske, duk abin da ya gyara aikinsa, da aka yi niyya ga karkashin shugabancin tsakiya jihar da kuma mai cikakkar da iko, halittar uniform kasar jama'a jikinsu da kuma umarni. A gaskiya, wadannan trends bukatar lokaci da kanta. Absolutization monarchical iko ne daidai da wannan kuma, a Yammacin Turai.

Oprichnina Ivana Groznogo: takaice game da dalilan

Duk da haka, da ayyukan da wanzuwar zabe majalisar ga yawan dalilai a kan lokaci ya fara gudu counter ga bukatun na Ivana Groznogo. A 1560, akwai wani katsewa tsakanin sarki da sahabbansa, da kuma abin da ya kasance sakamakon oprichnina Ivana Groznogo. A takaice game da dalilan da katsewa na alliance, ya kamata a lura da cewa m yanayin da aka zaba Rada da sake fasalin ƙarshe gaji sarki. A karshen fara jin cewa boyars da gangan ya jinkirta da karkashin shugabancin tsakiya na jihar, a gaskiya, a 1560 ya zargi biyu mambobi ana zabe ta majalisar - Sylvester da Adasheva - cewa sun so su mayar da hankali da real levers na da iko a hannunsa. An muhimmin dalilin da rata zama rikici tsakanin na yau da kullum shugabannin gwamnatin da sarauta matar Anastasiey Yurevoy. Bayan ta farkon mutuwa sarki ya sha nanata zargi boyars cewa su "samu amfani da haske ta." Last walƙiya karshe inflame rashin jituwa na Ivan IV zuwa saman boyars, ya miƙa mulki na daya daga cikin mambobi na tsohon Insha Rada Andreya Kurbskogo ga Dogayen sanda a lokacin da Livonian War. A dalilai wanda ya jagoranci karshen su yi haka, shi ya koka cewa Sarkin tramples ispokonvechnye 'yancin walwala da kuma yancin nobility. A mayar da martani, sarki da kansa ya halitta m jiki guardsmen wanda yana farawa da wani babban-sikelin tsõro a kan aristocracy a kasar.

Oprichnina Ivana Groznogo: takaice rike

Tun 1565 a Muscovy fara wani m gwagwarmaya domin kawar, ko kuma wajen, jiki halakar da Boyar Layer. A kasar da aka kasu kashi biyu: daya bangare kuwa shi ne na sirri makoma sarki da ake kira oprichnina. Sauran iko Boyar Duma da aka kira zemshchina. Oprichnina ƙasa ci gaba da karu kuma rufe mafi ƙasar a kasar. The siyasa jigon da oprichnina Ivana Groznogo shi ne cewa, sarki, ya sanya da hakkin da yarda daga cikin boyars cewa ya iya son ransu bijirar da kunya da kuma kisa na dukan waɗanda ya wadãtu da kansa a m. Bukatarsa ce cewa bayan da jirgin Kurbsky Sarkin ga cin amanar da kuma maƙarƙashiya a ko'ina cikin boyar Elite? Fiye da wadannan shekaru, daruruwan iyalan aristocrats aka fitar da su daga kasarsu hakura da wani oprichniki. Firgitar kai ta koli a 1570, lokacin da ya kashe a Rasha karshe mulkin gargajiya prince Vladimir Staritsa. Aikata punitive expeditions da Novgorod, Klin, Torzhok, Tver. Dakuna kwana sun daruruwan kauyuka, aikata kisan kare-dangi a Moscow.

A sakamakon oprichnina

Wannan siyasa sa a weakening na siyasa rawar da kasar nobility. A sakamakon haka, sarki ya yi autocracy. A daya hannun, despotism da kuma gaskiyar na taro halaka da kuma kashe-kashen - korau trends. Duk da haka autocracy yarda ka ƙirƙiri wani karfi da ingantaccen sojojin domin ta lokaci, jihar inji, wanda a cikin sa a hankali a hankali fadada daga cikin jiha yankuna.