Paul Antokolsky: biography da ayyukansu

Soviet mawãƙi Pavel Antokolsky, biography da kerawa cancanci bincika, ya rayu mai tsawo da kuma ban sha'awa sosai rayuwa. A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar sun juyin, yaƙe-yaƙe, gwaje-gwajen a art, da samuwar Soviet wallafe-wallafe. Antokolsky waqe - shi ne mai m, talented labarin game da irin abubuwan da na mawãƙi, daga cikin kasar rai, game da tunani.

asalin

Yuni 19, 1896 a St. Petersburg da aka haife Antokolskiy Pavel Grigorevich. Ya kasance cikin Babbansu hudu yara da kawai yaro. Mahaifinsa, wani sananne, amma ba musamman nasara lauya, kullum yin tsare-tsaren a kan yadda za a canza rayukansu ga mafi alhẽri. Amma shi ya yi aiki ga mafi part na mataimakin lauya, kuma a Soviet sau - da tausayin na aikin a cikin daban-daban cibiyoyin. All yaro kula sa a kan kafadu na uwa. Boy lissafta grandnephew daga cikin shahararrun sculptor Marc Antokolsky, wanda wasu har Pavlov mika m iyawa. Duk da cewa da iyali da Yahudawa Tushen, a cikin rãyuwar mawãƙi ta kasa taka rawa wajen ba.

yara

Ƙananan yara, Paul Antokolsky da aka gudanar a St. Petersburg, da kuma lokacin da yake da shekaru 8 da haihuwa, da iyali koma Moscow. Main sha'awa, yara, a cikin kalmomi na Antokolsky aka jawo tare da canza launin pencils da watercolors. Ya fi so batu ya siffar wani shugaban - zane na 'Ruslan da Lyudmila' A. S. Pushkina. Daga baya akwai wani biyu fi so batu - Hoton Ivana Groznogo, wanda ya yi kama da wani mutum-mutumi na kakansa Antokolsky. Motsi zuwa Moscow yaron ya tuna da kyau: bayan da a kwantar da hankula da kuma majestic Petersburg Ta nuna masa stocky, m da datti. Amma ya hankali saba Moscow da kuma fara yi la'akari da shi ya koma garinsu. A juyin juya halin na 1905 ya rage m ra'ayi a cikin memory na yaron, 'yan adawa na mutane da hukumomi za daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin jigogi na tunani.

koyo

Paul Antokolsky karatu a Moscow High School, graduating a shekara ta 1914. Learning ne mai sauki a gare shi, amma generated kadan babbar sha'awa. A shekara bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare, Bulus ya shiga cikin Moscow Jami'ar Jihar, Faculty of Law. Tuni a farkon shekarar da ya ga a farfajiyoyi na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar a kan Moss gidaje sanarwar da wani sa a cikin Student Drama Studio a karkashin shugabanci na Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga wannan lokacin ya fara wani rai Antokolsky. The sau kasance m, kuma ko ta yaya Paul hankali watsi da jami'a karatu, da farko domin ya yi aiki a cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci mayakan, amma kyakkyawan ga studio, wanda an ƙara zama muhimmanci a gare shi.

wasan kwaikwayo

Wasan kwaikwayo studio MSU jagoranci sa'an nan kadan-san darektan Yevgeny Vakhtangov ya zuwa gare shi da kuma buga Paul Antokolsky. Tarihinsa canja da cika fuska tare da zuwan da wasan kwaikwayo, Paul farko kokarin hannunsa a cikin aiki craft, amma da basira ya bai isa ba. A lokacin da shekara uku na nazari a cikin studio, wanda ya juya a cikin wani "gidan wasan kwaikwayo mutane" Antokolsky kokarin kansa, a duk yiwu Theatrical fasahohin, daga wani scene edita don darektan da screenwriter. Domin da studio, ya rubuta uku kwaikwaiyo, ciki har da "Doll Infanta" da "Betrothal a mafarki." A shekara ta 1919, sai ya motsa daga Vakhtangov, amma ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin Moscow wasan kwaikwayo inda har cikin tsakiyar 30 ta addashin darekta. Daga baya, ya koma zuwa ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo Vakhtangov, tare da shi aiki a kan ci gaban ginin a kan Arbat. Bayan rasuwar babban kafa na wasan kwaikwayo Antokolsky kanta da kuma ha] in gwiwar tare da sauran gudanarwa sa a kan plays. Tare da wasan kwaikwayo Vahtangova Pavel Grigorevich ke kan yawon shakatawa a Sweden, Jamus da kuma Faransa. Wadannan tafiye-tafiye taimake shi ƙarin koyo game da duniya da kuma kansa, shĩ ne mafi sani game da kansa ne Soviet mutum. Daga baya kwaikwayo na wadannan tafiye-tafiye za a karara a cikin ayar, musamman, a cikin littafin na "West". Wasan kwaikwayo ya ko da yaushe ya kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na rayuwa don Antokolsky ko da lokacin da ya zaɓi wani daban-daban hanya.

shayari

Da farko waqe Pavel Antokolsky ya rubuta a cikin matasa, amma tsanani wannan zama ya kasance. A 1920 ya ke motsi kusa da wani rukuni na Moscow marubuta da suka taru a Café kasida a kan Tverskaya Street. Akwai wani taro da Antokolsky Bryusov, wanda so shayari novice marubucin, da kuma a 1921 ya wallafa farko ayyukansu. Bryusov ya ba kawai an yi fice mawãƙi, amma kuma mãdalla da Oganeza, a karkashin ya jagoranci samo asali poetic wallafe-wallafen kungiyar a Moscow, wanda ya da amfani sosai ga matasa Antokolsky. Ga shi aka tara basira da imani a cikin sabon manufa. A farkon ayyukan mawãƙi kasance cike da romance kuma so ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Alal misali, waka "Fransua Viyon" da kuma tarin "Characters" kai mafarkai da motsin zuciyarmu na wasan kwaikwayo. Amma sannu a hankali yakan mallaki cikin lyrics Antokolsky yakin sautin. A hankali balaga, samu da kansa style kuma thematic mayar da hankali na marubucin.

A ranar da Great Patriotic War Pavel Antokolsky mi aikace-aikace da su shiga cikin sahu na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, daga wannan lokacin a kan, sai ya ce, wani sabon rai. Munin yaki ake turawa da alkalami na mawãƙi, ya rubuta mai yawa a wadannan shekaru. Bugu da kari to shayari, ya halitta almara, aiki a matsayin yaki wakilinmu, tafiya zuwa gaban da wata tawagar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma matsayin' yar jarida. Bayan yaki Antokolsky ya ci gaba da rubuta wa harkar muhimmanci batutuwa, akwai littattafai da kasidu, "Ƙarfin da Vietnam", "The Mawãƙi kuma Lokaci", "A Tale of bygone Years", wanda ya zama wani abin koyi na yakin Soviet shayari.

m al'adunmu

A lokacin da ya dogon m rayuwa, Paul Antokolsky wanda photo ne a wani kundin sani na Soviet adabi, ya rubuta guda tara littattafai na shayari, wasu waqoqi da kuma aka buga hudu tarin na articles. Kowane littafi na mawãƙi - shi ne wani na game aikin, imbued tare da zurfin motsin zuciyarmu da kuma tunani na marubucin. Mafi shahara halitta ne Antokolsky waka "Ɗa", rubuta game da jaruntakar mutuwar marigayin a gaban dansa. The waka ya kawo duniya daraja da mawãƙi da Stalin Prize. Undoubted amfani ne da ayyukan da aka rubuta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Faransa sauyi ruhu: waka na Fransua Viyone, a kan ƙungiya, da waka "Robespierre da Gorgon", "Sans-culottes". Last tarin waqe, "The End of Century" da aka buga, a 1977, da kuma wani nau'i ne na Summing up na rayuwa sakamakon.

Fassarori

Paul Antokolsky mafi yawansu ya m rayuwa kishin translation aiki. Ko da a cikin biyu da rabi na 30s Antokolsky ziyartar 'yar'uwar jamhuriyoyin - Armenia, Azerbaijan da kuma Georgia - kuma shi ne sha'awar da al'adunsu. Sa'an nan ya fara aikin na fassara kasa shayari daga cikin wadannan kasashe a cikin Rasha harshe. Sama da duka, ya ke tsunduma a fassara a cikin 60s da 70s. Bugu da kari ga ayyukan Jojiyanci, Ukrainian, Armenian da Azerbaijani kasida, ya sanya da yawa daga Faransa wallafe-wallafe. A cikin fassarar fall tarin "ƙungiyoyin shayari na France", "Daga Bernazhe zuwa Eluard" muhimman hakkokin anthology "ƙarni biyu wakoki a Faransa."

Personal rai

A mawãƙi rayu quite arziki da kuma tsawon rai. Shi ne mai aminci tare da abokan aiki kamar Marina Tsvetaeva, K. Smionov, E. Dolmatovsky, Tikhonov, V. Kataev. Antokolsky aka aure sau biyu. Farko da matar - Natalia Shcheglova - haifi 'yarsa Natalia kuma dan Vladimir, wanda ya mutu a 1942 a gaban. Ta daga baya ya zama wani mai zane-zane da kuma ma da aure da mawãƙi Leon Toom. Antokolsky jikan Andrew ya zama farfesa a kimiyyar lissafi, aiki a Brazil. Na biyu matar - Zoya Konstantinovna Bazhanova - an artist, amma dukan ransa sadaukar da sabis na mijinta. Paul Antokolsky, da matarsa, da yara da jikoki sun ko da yaushe aka hade da babban dalilin da ransa - shayari. A gidan wani real daba na Babbar Jagora. A karshen rayuwar Antokolsky bar shi kadai, matarsa mutu, abokaina da wani rai. Ya shafe mafi yawansu ya lokaci a kasar. Mawãƙi mutu 9 ga watan Oktoba, 1978, ya aka binne shi a makabarta a Moscow Vostryakovsky.