Phone katin SIM: da na'urar

Katin SIM - a na'urar wanda yake shi ne Subscriber Identity Module. Wannan Hadakar kewaye da aka tsara don aminci ajiya dakuna duniya mobile Subscriber ganewa (IMSI) da kuma hade key cewa da ake amfani da ganewa da kuma tabbatarwa da biyan kuɗi a hannu telephony na'urorin (msl, mobile tarho da kwakwalwa). Zaka kuma iya adana tuntube bayanai da yawa a cikin SIM-cards.

Katinan SIM suna ko da yaushe a kan yi amfani GSM wayoyin for CDMA na'urorin ne dole ne kawai ga sabon da LTE-na'urori masu jituwa. Su kuma za a iya amfani da tauraron dan adam phones.

SIM-katin da wani ɓangare na aiki a duniya a hadedde kewaye (UICC), wanda a kan yi na PVC tare da Hadakar lambobi da kuma semiconductors. SIM-katin, a na'urar wanda dogara ne a kan dijital da fasaha, za a iya aika da bayanai tsakanin daban-daban hannu da na'urorin.

SIM-katin hada da:

• wani musamman serial number (ICCID).
• duniya mobile ganowa (IMSI).
• Tantance kalmar sirri da kuma boye-boye.
• lokaci bayanai a kan gida yankin cibiyar sadarwa.
• jerin ayyuka ga abin da mai amfani yana da damar.
• na'urar wayar katin SIM kuma yana da biyu da kalmomin shiga: Personal Identification Number (PIN) domin amfani na al'ada, da kuma cire katanga na sirri code (PUK) zuwa buše PIN.

Tarihi da kuma lokacin da za a kasuwar

Da farko SIM format da aka ayyana ta da Turai Sadarwa Standards Institute a jaddadawa TS 11,11 da lambar da ya bayyana cikin jiki da kuma ma'ana Properties na katin SIM. Tare da UMTS ci gaba da jaddadawa aikin da aka partially canjawa wuri zuwa 3GPP.

Farko da katin SIM-katin da aka ɓullo da a 1991 ta Munich manufacturer na kaifin baki katunan Giesecke & Devrient, wanda sayar da farko 300 kofe na Finnish mara waya cibiyar sadarwarka Radiolinja.

inactivation

A da yawa contractual yarjejeniyar "biya-je" za ka bukatar lokaci zuwa lokaci, amfani da prepayment domin kauce wa da karewa na lissafi ayyukan. Wannan lokaci ya dogara da cibiyar sadarwarka, amma mafi yawa ana ƙaddara da wani lokaci na watanni uku. Wannan shi ne wani lokacin saboda gaskiyar cewa SIM-katin ne m, a cikin cibiyar sadarwa.

rajista

Mafi yawan} asashe da kuma aiki da bukatar ganewa don kunna sabis, amma akwai wasu ban, kamar Hong Kong SAR.

Ta yaya katin SIM waya?

Domin SIM-katunan yana da uku aiki irin ƙarfin lantarki: 5V, 3V da 1.8V aiki irin ƙarfin lantarki masu rinjaye "simok", yanã tafiya da gaggãwa har 1998, ya 5 V. The halitta daga baya katunan ne jituwa tare 3 V kuma 5 V. Modern lokutta support 5 V, 3 V da kuma 1.8 V.

data

A SIM-katunan adana cibiyar sadarwa bayanai amfani da tantacewa da kuma gano biyan kuɗi a kan hanyar sadarwa. A mafi muhimmanci na wadannan ne ICCID, IMSI, Gasktawa Key (Ki), gida yankin ganowa (Lai) da kuma yawan kiran gaggawa sadarwarka.

Sim card, wanda da na'urar dogara ne a kan makircinsu ma Stores sauran bayanai, dangane da afareta, kamar lambar wurin sabis na gajeren sakonni (SMS ServiceServiceName), da sunan bada sabis (SPN), dakin sabis lambobi (Sdn), sigogi Advanceofcharge da kuma aikace-aikace darajar kara da cewa (VAS).

SIM-katin za a iya kawota a daban-daban data masu girma dabam daga 8 zuwa akalla 256 KB. Dukan su ba ka damar adana a kalla 250 da lambobi, amma idan akwai wani version na 32 KB sarari for 33 mobile sadarwa Lambobin (MNC) ko "cibiyar sadarwa identifiers", wani irin 64 KB shi ne yanayin da 80 MNC. Wannan Fihirisar da ake amfani da afaretocin cibiyar sadarwa don adana fĩfĩta networks, da kuma ne, yafi amfani a lokacin da SIM ba a cikin cibiyar sadarwa na gida da kuma yawo. Abin da ya aikata irin wannan na'urar wayar sim card?

A sadarwarka, wanda saki "sim card" iya amfani da shi domin haɗa wayarka zuwa cibiyar sadarwa da aka fi so don amfani da mafi kyau kasuwanci yarjejeniyar da farko cibiyar sadarwa kamfanin. Wannan ba ya nufin cewa wayar dauke da katin SIM da wannan, za a iya haɗa har zuwa 33 ko 80 networks, wanda yake nufin kawai cewa SIM-katin issuer iya kawai nuna wannan adadin na fĩfĩta networks. Idan "Sim" shi ne a waje na fĩfĩta networks, shi zai yi amfani da farko ko mafi kyau samuwa daya.

ICCID

Kowane SIM-katin da aka gano a matakin kasa da kasa a kan ganowa na hadedde kewaye (ICCID). ICCID adana a katin SIM, kazalika da kwarzana ko buga a kan kunshin a lokacin personalization tsari.

ICCID ne m da shawarwarin na ITU-T E.118 lambobin matsayin Primary. Its layout dogara ne a kan ISO / IEC 7812. Bisa ga E.118 yawan iya zama har zuwa 22 lambobi ciki har da wani rajistan shiga lambar lasafta ta yin amfani da Luhn algorithm. Duk da haka, da GSM Phase 1 ayyana a matsayin ICCID tsawon 10 octets (20 lambobi) tare da takamaiman tsarin da sadarwarka.

International Mobile Subscriber Identification (IMSI)

SIM-katin da aka gano a cikin mutum afaretocin cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar wani na musamman na kasa da kasa mobile Subscriber ganewa (IMSI). Aiki na mobile cibiyar sadarwa da alaka da wayar hannu da kira da kuma musanyâ su da SIM-katunan a kasuwar tare da IMSI. Su gaba format.

A farko uku lambobi wakilci Mobile Country Code (MCC).

A na gaba biyu, ko uku lambobi ne mobile sadarwa code (MNC). Uku lambar MNC lambobin yarda E.212, amma suna yafi amfani a Amurka da kuma Canada.

Wadannan alkaluma wakilci mobile Subscriber Identification Number (MSIN). Yawancin lokaci shi ne 10 lambobi, amma darajar za ta zama ƙasa da a cikin hali na uku da lambar MNC ko idan kasa dokokin nuna cewa jimlar tsawon na IMSI dole ne kasa da 15 lambobi. Dukan waɗannan Figures ya bambanta, daga} asa zuwa} asa, don haka za'a iya samun bambance-bambance a cikin hanyar shirya katin SIM. A makirci ne guda misali da factory, da kawai bambanci an lura a cikin rubuce bayanai.

The Tantance key (Ki)

Kni - shi ne mai 128-bit darajar da aka yi amfani da wajen gaskatawa da SIM-katunan a GSM mobile cibiyar sadarwa (cibiyar sadarwa USIM ka har yanzu bukatar da Ki, amma shi yana bukatar wasu sigogi). A kowane SIM-katin Stores wani musamman Ki, sanya ta sadarwarka a lokacin personalization tsari. Wannan wani zaɓi kuma an adana a wani database (da ake kira da Tantance cibiyar, ko AuC) a mai bada sabis na cibiyar sadarwa.

Ta yaya katin SIM da haske na sama? An tsara a cikin irin wannan hanya kamar yadda ya kauce wa samun Ki tare da wani mai kaifin baki katin dubawa. Maimakon haka, SIM-katin samar da aikin "Fara GSM-algorithm", wanda damar da wayar a aika da bayanai zuwa da "sim card", wanda dole ne a sanya hannu tare da Ki. Wannan shi ne ra'ayin yin amfani da katin SIM dole ne idan Ki ba za a iya cire daga SIM-katin ko sadarwarka yake so ya fadada wannan zaɓi. A yi, da GSM boye-boye algorithm for kirga SRES_2 (ga. Mataki na 4 a kasa) na Ki yana da wasu vulnerabilities da zai iya ba da damar dawo da wannan darajar da "katunan SIM" da kuma haifar da wani duplicated SIM-katin.

The Tantance kalmar sirri tsari

Lokacin da wayoyin kayan aiki da aka fara, shi obtains kasa da kasa mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) SIM-katin da ta aika da shi zuwa mobile sadarwarka neman damar da Tantance kalmar sirri. Mobile kayan aiki iya aika da da PIN code-a katin SIM kafin shi zai bude da bayanai.

Identification na wuri wuri

SIM Stores haɗin kai a jihar bayanai, wanda aka samu daga wuri wuri ainihi (Lai). Afaretocin cibiyar sadarwa suna zuwa kashi wuri yankunan, kowanne daga abin da yana da wani musamman Lai lambar. Lokacin da na'urar canjãwa wuri, shi Stores sabon Lai a cikin SIM-katin, da kuma aika shi baya zuwa sadarwarka ta hanyar sadarwa zuwa ga sabon wuri. Idan na'urar aiki cyclically, shi zai cire data daga cikin "Sims" da kuma neman baya Lai. A wannan musamman aiki da wasu kwari da katin SIM.

SMS-saƙonnin da lambobi

Mai SIM-cards zai tsoho don adana wani adadin SMS-saƙonni da kuma wayar littafin lambobi. Lambobin da aka adana a cikin sauki da nau'i-nau'i "sunan da lambar": records dake dauke da mahara lambobin waya da kuma ƙarin lambobin waya yawanci ba adana a kan shi. Irin wannan yanayi samar da katin SIM na'urar. Za'a iya ajiye lambobin yana da iyaka. Alal misali, sa'ad da wani mai amfani da yayi kokarin kwafa irin wannan records a cikin "sim card" wayar software ya raba su a cikin da dama records, yin watsi da duk wani bayani da cewa ba da lambar waya.

Number of ajiye lambobin sadarwa da kuma saƙonnin ya dogara da katin SIM-katin. Farkon model za a ajiye a total na biyar saƙonni da kuma 20 Lambobin yayin da zamani katunan SIM iya yawanci adana fiye da 250 abubuwa.

Katin SIM: da na'urar da tsare-tsaren

A tsawon shekaru, da ci gaban SIM-katin sun zama karami, kuma su aiki ne ba a dogara a kan format. Ga cikakken-size "Simcoe" bi ta wani mini-SIM, micro-SIM kuma Nano-SIM. Yau aka ko da gina a cikin na'urar.

Full-size SIM-katin

Full-size katin SIM (ko 1FF, 1st nau'i factor) shi ne na farko nau'i factor. Yana yana da girman da katin bashi (85,60 × 53,98 × 0,76 mm). Daga baya, karami, "Sims" ne sau da yawa sayar a full-size gina-a taswira, daga abin da suka za a iya tura.

Mini-SIM

Map mini-SIM (ko 2FF) da wannan lamba tsari a matsayin cikakken-sized katin SIM, da kuma yawanci kawota a cikakken-size adaftan a haɗe a cikinta hada guda biyu members. Wannan makirci damar ta yin amfani da na'ura da kuma bukata cikakken katin da kuma a cikin na'urar, bukata a mini-SIM-katin (bayan katsewa na a haɗa abubuwa). Tun da cikakken tsawon "Simca" an daina amfani da shi, wasu masu aiki kiran wannan nau'i factor misali, ko yau da kullum SIM-katin.

Micro-SIM

Map micro-SIM (ko 3FF) yana da guda kauri da kuma wuri na lambobi, amma shi ne bambanta da wani karami tsawon da nisa.

Micro-SIM format da aka gabatar da Turai Sadarwa Standards Institute (ETSI) domin shigarwa a cikin na'urorin da suke da ma kananan ga wani mini-SIM-katin. Form factor aka ambata a cikin 3GPP SMG9 UMTS aiki kungiyar, wanda ya kasance jikin da cewa ya kafa matsayin na GSM SIM-katin, a watan Disamba 1998, kuma baya amince da karshen 2003.

Micro-SIM da aka tsara don baya karfinsu. Babban matsalar da aka lamba yankin na guntu. Ajiye wannan lamba yankin ba da micro-SIM to zai dace da baya, ya fi girma karatu SIM-katunan ta yin amfani da roba notches. The inji aka kuma tsara aiki a wannan gudun (5 MHz) kamar yadda baya version. A wannan size da kuma matsayin da lambobi ya kai ga da yawa Koyawa, kuma YouTube bidiyo tare da cikakken umarnin a kan yadda za a yanka da mini-SIM-katin a cikin micro-SIM size. Duk da haka, irin wannan mataki a gida wani lokacin kai ga cewa a sakamakon katin SIM ba ya dace da na'urar ko ãci.

Nano-SIM

Map Nano-SIM (ko 4FF) da aka gabatar 11 ga watan Oktoba, 2012, a lokacin da wayar masu bada sabis a kasashe daban-daban suka fara samar da shi ga wayoyin cewa goyi bayan wannan format. Nano-SIM yana girma na 12,3 × 8.8 × 0,67 mm da kuma rage-rage na baya format ga lamba yankin, yayin da rike data kasance ayyuka. A kananan baki na insulating abu ya rage a kusa da lamba yankin don kauce wa short haihuwarka. Nano-SIM yana mai kauri daga 0,67 mm idan aka kwatanta da 0,76 mm a da magabata. 4FF katin za a iya sanya shi a cikin adafta don amfani da na'urorin tsara don SIM-katunan 2FF ko 3FF, kuma wannan sanya thinner, amma da yawa wayar da kamfanoni ba su bayar da shawarar da shi.

IPhone 5, saki a watan Satumba na shekarar 2012, shi ne na farko na'urar da ke amfani da kunne katunan SIM Nano, wanda aka bi da sauran wayoyi.

The mai zuwa sabon ƙarni na katinan SIM kira ESIM ko eSIM (embeddedSIM), wanda shi ne mai ba replaceable hadedde guntu a cikin ƊAN-8 kunshin - soldered kai tsaye zuwa ga kewaye hukumar. Yana da zai iya M2M kuma m damar zuwa katin-katin.