Poetic girma: da yadda za a ayyana? Names poetic girma

Kafin mu magance tambaya na yadda za a ƙayyade girma na Lines wakoki, ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan shi ne wani syllabic-tonic versification tsarin a cikin abin da kayyade kashi ne tasha. Wannan shi ne wani Nannagen kashi, wanda ya ƙunshi wani adadin buga da unstressed syllables. A kafar da aka riga aka sani a tsufa, amma shi ya ba akwai daga jaddada da kuma unstressed syllables, da kuma na dogon da takaice.

Girma an ƙaddara da yanayi da yawa daga cikin kafar birki a cikin aya ta (aya line). Daya daga cikin na kowa kuskure wording - a tautological jumlar "poetic girma na aya." Wannan jumlar iya ji sau da yawa daga dalibai da kuma ko da ta hanyar malamai, shi kuskure, ko da yake yana da na kowa. A size daga cikin aya shi ne inherently poetic, don haka majinyata tambaye, "Ta yaya zan ƙayyade girman da poetic aya?" - in yi magana daidai "yaya domin sanin girman da layin?"

disyllabic kafa

A yanayin da kafar dogara poetic girma. Ta yaya domin sanin yanayin da ƙafafunsa, ta gaya tsarake ayoyi rikodin a matsayin mai kula da da'ira da kuma sanin wurin da accented syllable a kowane Nannagen kashi na waka.

Dissyllabic Tashoshi kunshi biyu syllables (Ina nufin kashi an maimaita kowane biyu syllables).

Idan na farko syllable maimaita percussive kashi, da kuma na biyu - unstressed, cewa shi ferrets. sau da yawa ne ya isa ya maimaita wata kalma chorea (bazara, fall), to ji sauti na mawaka. Ferrets ne sosai na kowa a cikin shayari kuma aka sani da masu karatu na ayyukan zamani mawallafa, kazalika a kan ayyukan da litattafansu. Trochaic ayoyi ne sosai halayyar shayari, jawabi ga yara:

Da zarar a cikin kaka jaki Osia

Very bad dare barci.

Kuma a lokacin da Agogon bugi takwas,

Jaki Osia tashi ba ... (Chebyshev A.)

Bushiya Honya ya demure,

Bushiya Honya babu sauri.

Wata rana bushiya Honya

Ga ruwa je yanke shawarar ... (Chebyshev A.)

Bath rana a kwaro.

Very troublesome to shi:

Wajibi ne a wanke shirt

Kuma wanke kansa ... (Chebyshev A.)

Idan buga a kafar shi ne na biyu syllable, shi ne pentameter. Iambic ayoyi ne ba kamar yadda rare.

A yar kyanwa ya Fluffy

Kuma yana da sosai fitina.

Ya sheƙa a guje da sauri sosai

A cat da ni.

Baya ga kare kwari

Ya sau da yawa wani ya musguna ...

Kuma idan ka dauki alkalami,

Purred ya barci. (A Chebyshev)

Don "ji" sauti pentameter, iambic sake wani kalma isa (spring zazzabi). Pentameter mafi yawa ana hade da sauti daga Pushkin ta "Evgeniya Onegina".

uku-syllable kafa

Ternary kafar hada daidai da na uku syllables, daya daga wanda - na farko, na biyu ko na uku - a buga.

Idan impactor farko syllable, shi ne ake kira mai dactyl. Don "ji" dactyl, maimaita wani dactylic kalma isa (da farin ciki, da bakin ciki). Dactyl ne sosai na kowa a Rasha shayari, amma yana yiwuwa su hadu kasa akai-akai da kuma iambic chorea.

Uku da hudu, da kuma biyu dorina

Mun sadu da biyu da hudu giwa.

Next - a - shi ne mai fadama,

Biyu - yana da wani kõgi.

Da na itatuwan dabino - daya.

Uku da daya behemoth ce:

"Hello, biyu kuma hudu giwa."

Kuma sauran aka kwance a karkashin itacen dabino.

Akwai mutane da yawa,

A dabino - daya. (A Chebyshev)

Idan ya jaddada syllable - na biyu, cewa da shi amphibrach. Bayan maimaita amphibrachic kalma ( 'yan qasar, kare, yanayi) ne sauki jin musamman rawa amphibrach. Amphibrachic sunan wani almara, hali Pupusika ayyana sauti comic sake zagayowar waqe-waqe Andrei Chebyshev "Tattalin pupusik da takwas convex nusik":

... Da zarar pupusik Vodichev furanni,

A nusiki auna ruwa a cikin tukunya,

Mun tabbatar da cewa shi ba ya skhimichil

Kuma kowane tukunyar kan kuma a kan Vodice ...

... Da zarar pupusik zabibi abincin rana

Kuma ku tuna cewa dintsi na gishiri ko ba.

A nusiki syamknuli: "Kada trumbambol!

Back a cikin tsohon Buba zachuhlilas gishiri ... "

... Da zarar pupusik kuzyunilsya tare da wani aboki,

Nan da nan da wata murya nusiki vzvyaknuli tsoro:

"Pupusik! Pupusik! Ya ba da wani aboki!

Ka dũba yadda ya rapacious idanu a kusa!

Ya ci uku konfyushki da blyambochek shida.

A nusiki wannan dare zai kasance? .. "

A wannan yanayin, idan tura shi ne na uku syllable na uku magana game da anapaest. Don jin anapaest iya zama sau da dama ya maimaita wata kalma anapestovoe (birni, hudu).

... da kuma wani lokacin har Lahadi.

Kuma ba za ka iya dulmuya a yau,

Saboda a lokacin da tashin

Ba mu bukatar samun up farkon.

Inna, baba ba tare da ƙararrawa,

Kamar yadda yake a yau, to rantse da safe ...

Kuma amma ina da a cikin firiji

Very dadi kifi qwai.

Kuma jiya, a tashin matattu, na bazara -

Akwai har yanzu sayar giwaye -

Tare da uwa-da-baba tafiya mu iyalai

Kuma suka yi ... Serezhka Panov (A. Chebyshev)

Waɗannan su ne mafi biyar na kowa, classic tasha. A Rasha litattafansu a suna amfani da yafi, kuma suka ƙayyade mafi shahara da kuma rare poetic girma. Ta yaya domin sanin sosai size, ba kawai da irin kafar, shi za a bayyana a kasa.

Quadrisyllabic kafar (peons)

Rasha shayari kuma san hudu-syllable kafar, aka kira su peons. Idan na farko syllable, da tari da aka kira wani peony na, idan na biyu, sa'an nan, daidai da, peony II, da sauransu. Peons sauƙi gauraye da iambic pentameter, ko, duk da haka, idan ka saurara, da sauti na su ne daban-daban. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na makaranta manhaja ne, yafi magana game da classic feet - dvuslozhnikah da trehslozhnikah.

Pentasyllabic kafar (peptones)

Bugu da kari, zai yiwu pentasyllabic ƙafa ko pyatidolniki ko peptones. Wadannan Tashoshi za a iya samu a Rasha jama'a shayari, ko a stylization. A mafi yadu sayi pyatislozhniki uku jaddada syllable: "Ta yaya a cikin mahaifiyarsa, a cikin damp duniya ..." The sauti na peptone III ne sosai sosai da hankula da kuma ba za'a iya mantawaba, saba wa da yawa a kan Rasha epics.

Yawan tasha a aya

Tsaya poetic girma ana m. Ta yaya domin sanin da irin kafar, aka bayyana a sama, duk da haka, domin a ga yadda girman da waka da aka rubuta, ilmi na da irin kafar bai isa ba. Tsaya - wannan sashi ne cewa ƙaddara size. Na biyu mataki, wanda wajibi ne a yi - to lissafi da yawa ƙafa na siffofin, line aya ta (ayar).

Daidai sunayen poetic girma haka sauti kamar haka: "trisyllabic ferrets" (yawan trochaic feet a jere - uku), "pentasyllabic pentameter" (yawan iambic ƙafa ta layi - biyar), "disyllabic anapaest" (yawan anapestovyh dakatar a jere - .. biyu), da dai sauransu wani hali kuskure ne da yawa yara da kuma dalibai, amsa tambaya: "Mene ne size" - to sunan kawai irin tsaya a nan ba. Wrong zuwa ce "wannan waka size - dactyl", daidai to ka ce: "A size wannan waka - trehstopny (.. Dvustopny da dai sauransu) dactyl."

Quantification tasha ayar

Saboda haka, a kan yawan da kuma yanayin da tasha dogara a kan poetic girma. Yadda za a tantance yawan ƙafafunku? Ya dogara da yawan ganguna (kewaye) wasulla. Bari mu bayyana wannan da wani misali chorea da amphibrach.

Idan na sa hula,

Na zama kusan kamar baba.

To, Dad, kuma ba tare da wani hat

All guda, kamar baba.

A wannan waka Andrew Chebyshev "Pro Papa hat" ƙuduri aka bayyana a matsayin quadrisyllabic ferrets, kamar yadda ayar line (v) qunshi hudu trochaic kafar.

Doki galloping fadin filin, galloping,

Na galloped fadin filin da aka sosai gaji.

Kuma a cikin filin shi ne, kuma pinching da ciyawa.

Kuma ina tsalle da baya, galloped, galloped.

Kuma a cikin kogi wanka, kuma wasa a mane,

Kuma a sake, a filin wasa galloped, galloped.

Babu iska kuma tsuntsu shi bai kama up.

Babu wanda ya san yadda azumi gallop.

A wannan waka ta daya marubucin, kuma, yawan daina huɗu na ƙafafun amma, sabanin baya misali, ba chorea da amphibrachic, don haka girman wannan waka - chetyrehstopnym amphibrach.