Rahoto: al'ada, girma. Matsanancin ƙirar hali

Matsayi yana da nau'i na musamman, wanda shine ɓangare na goyan baya don goyan bayan shaft kuma an tsara su don juyawa ko mirgine ba tare da rasa makamashi ba don ragewa. Akwai abubuwa da dama irin wannan abubuwa masu mahimmanci. A wannan yanayin, yawancin bearings suna cikin mafi yawan lokuta da GOST ya tsara.

Iri

Ana amfani da nau'ikan wannan nau'in a masana'antu da sauran rassan tattalin arzikin kasa a yadu. Akwai hydrostatic, gas-stic, magnetic da sauran kamfanoni kungiyoyi. Duk da haka, yawancin iri iri iri ne na zane-zane da mirgina. Bisa ga abin da aka sani, waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun kasu zuwa:

• Radial;

• M;

• Radial-turawa.

Rigunar ruwa

Babban abubuwa na wannan nau'in knots sune kwalliya ko rollers, wanda yake da nesa daga juna a wani caji na musamman, wanda ake kira mai raba. A yayin aiki na yunkurin da suke motsawa tare da magunguna guda biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da mahimmanci a mafi yawan lokuta. Ana amfani da nau'ikan irin wannan a cikin masana'antu mafi sau da yawa. Gaskiyar ita ce, idan aka kwatanta da rawanin zane-zane suna da dama da dama. Ga irin wannan yana yiwuwa a nuna farko da ƙananan ƙuntatawa da rashin amfani da man shafawa. Kwarewar aiki da shigarwa shi ne abin da ke rarrabe irin waɗannan nauyin kai. Tsarin (wanda GOST ya tsara su ne) na irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna gabatarwa a cikin tebur na musamman. Saboda haka, yana da wuyar samun matakan dacewa a cikin wannan ko wannan batu. Za'a iya zaɓar nau'in wannan nau'i a kowane irin tsari.

Hanyar haɗakarwa da ƙwanƙwasawa da ƙyama shine kawai dawowa wanda waɗannan alamun keɓaɓɓu sun bambanta. Dole ne a kiyaye ka'idodin aikin su. In ba haka ba, ba za su daɗe ba.

Nau'ikan bearings

Bugu da ƙari ga ƙwarewar da aka sani, ana rarraba nau'in wannan nau'in zuwa kungiyoyi bisa ga halaye masu zuwa:

• Nau'in abubuwa masu juyawa. A wannan bangaren, rarrabe tsakanin zane-zane da kuma kayan motsa jiki. Kwayoyin da ke gudana daga wannan nau'in na iya zama masu kwakwalwa, surarru, masu tsalle-tsalle, ƙuƙwalwa, hagu, da dai sauransu, a wannan yanayin.

• Ta hanyar ikon kai. A wannan yanayin, rarrabe tsakanin nauyin kai tsaye da wadanda ba kai tsaye ba.

• By yawan adadin jikin. Akwai jere guda da jere-jere guda biyu.

• A girman. Duk abin da aka gabatar don yau a kan wannan batu an raba shi zuwa jerin da yawa.

Dangane da jerin tare da nau'in diamita na ciki, ƙananan layin da ƙananan D na iya bambanta. Ana iya amfani da giragge masu yin amfani da su don tara motoci, dawakai, fatar iska, da dai sauransu.

Dimensions

Girman waɗannan nau'ikan wannan nau'in ƙayyade GOST 3478-79. A lokacin da ake kiyayewa sosai kuma ana iya ɗaukar kai tsaye. Wadannan ka'idodin sun shafi duk nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwa, tare da banda samfurori na musamman da ke da zane na musamman. A cikin wannan akwati, ana iya sarrafa naurori a wasu nau'o'i dabam-dabam, mafi dacewa da wani zane.

Don sanin nauyin girman kai na kowane jerin, zaku iya, kamar yadda aka ambata, ta ɗakuna na musamman waɗanda ke nuna sigogi na ciki da na ciki, mafi girman girman girma (Rmin), da nisa marar iyaka na ciki da kuma ƙananan zobba (B). A matsayin misali, a nan akwai tebur don jerin raƙuman ruwa na diameters 8 (an rage shi).

Za a iya samun cikakken cikakken zane a cikin wallafe-wallafe na musamman. Har ila yau, akwai matakan haɓaka a Compass - edita mai zane wanda aka tsara don tsara ta atomatik (a cikin ɗakin ɗakin karatu). Akwai Tables don daban-daban rubutun diameters.

Kundin gaskiya

Hakanan za a iya koya daga cikin matakai na musamman. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta, an yarda da wasu sabawa cikin girman daga GOST. Dangane da daidaitattun ɗayan, ana nuna rawanin kai tsaye zuwa:

• Na al'ada "0";

• Haɓaka daidaituwa "6";

• High "5";

• Girman girma "4";

• Super high "2".

Nodes waɗanda aka tsara don ƙananan kayayyaki suna da cikakkun juriya. Saboda haka, alal misali, alamun bearings ga keke (608 nau'in) su ne:

• Tolerances na bukukuwa - 0 / -0.005;

• Hoto na ciki - + 0.0001 / -0.0003;

• Daga cikin waƙoƙin waje - + 0.0001 / -0.0005.

Sanarwa

Matsayin jigilar giragu a lokacin da aka yi su ana kiyaye su. Don tabbatar da cewa mai siye zai iya ganin irin nau'in nau'i a gabansa kuma don dalilai da za a iya amfani dashi, ana amfani da alamar musamman. Ana nuna alamar tazarar tare da saitin lambobi. Wani lokaci alamar misali sun haɗa da haruffa. A wannan yanayin:

• Lambar farko ko wasika ta nuna nau'in nau'i.

• Lambobi biyu na gaba sun ƙayyade jerin nau'in. Na farko ya nuna rukuni na nisa ko tsawo, na biyu ya nuna diamita.

• Lambobi biyu na ƙarshe sun wakilci lambar diamita. Idan muka ninka ta ta 5, zamu sami darajar d a mm.

Daidaitaccen ma'auni na hawaye 66414 (an saukowa a wannan yanayin daidai da GOST 3325-85), alal misali, irin wannan:

• D - 70 mm;

• D - 180 mm;

• Width - 42 mm;

• Weight - 5.74 kg.

Bayyana bearings

Kayan wannan nau'i sun ƙunshi abubuwa biyu masu muhimmanci: jiki mai karfi da sawa, tsakanin waɗanda suke da lubricants na musamman. Abubuwan da ke amfani da irin waɗannan nauyin sun hada da, na farko, ƙananan sigogi, da kuma damar da za su sa su kasancewa da kuma amfani da su don shafukan da aka gina sosai. Abubuwan da ba a iya amfani da su a cikin nau'ikan wannan nau'ikan suna dauke da tsawon rai da kuma bukatun masu tsada masu tsada.

Nau'i na bayyana kai tsaye

A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan wannan rukuni:

• High-speed;

• Raɗa (amfani, alal misali, a crankshafts);

• Ma'aikata na ƙayyadewa, jagororin jagora na ainihi da kuma daidaita daidaituwa;

• Ƙananan hanyoyi masu sauƙi;

• Ana buƙatar aiki a yanayi na musamman (ruwa, yanayin lalacewa).

Dangane da yanayin aiki a cikin nauyin wannan nau'i, akwai yiwuwar saka makon shigar ruwa ko haɗin gilashi-ruwa. A cikin akwati na farko, ana rarraba sassan da harsashi da shinge ne ta hanyar rassan man fetur. A yayin da aka ƙaddamar da ƙaddamar da ƙananan ruwa-ruwa a cikin iyakar ruwa (ta hanyar fim din man da aka kafa ta kwayoyin shafe).

Ƙididdigar bayyane

Yawancin nau'ikan wannan rukuni na GOST 2795. Gida daga launi na musamman ma abin da ya kamata a la'akari da lokacin da ake samar da irin wannan motsi. Ka'idodi a wannan yanayin sun shafi waɗannan sigogi kamar:

• Ƙananan waje da diamita na ciki;

• Length (l);

• Girman ƙin (C);

• Tolerances (ƙuntataccen rarraba).

Teburin da ke ƙasa (rage) yana nuna misali masu yawa na bayyana kai tsaye na layuka daban-daban.

Abubuwan haɓaka da kayan aiki

Har ila yau, ka'idodin bayyana kai tsaye, GOST ne ke ƙayyade. Wasu buƙatun suna kuma buƙata don ingancin kayan da aka yi amfani da su. Qazanta gidaje nunin faifai, kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, zai iya zama ɗaya ko tsaga. A karshen wannan yanayi, ana amfani da maɓalli na musamman ko kusoshi don haɗa sassan. Ana ɗaukar nauyin yunkuri a cikin sutura. A cikin ɗita ɗaya za'a iya yin rabin halves. A kan ɓangaren da suka shafi lalacewa, yawanci suna kange kai tsaye a kai tsaye.

Za a iya amfani da kayan da za a yi amfani da su don yin nodes na irin wannan:

• Cast ƙarfe (don hull);

• Bronze, jefa baƙin ƙarfe ko filastik (domin bushings).

A wasu lokuta, amma ba shakka, da wuya, ana yin katako daga itace ko ma daga kwalliya.

Bukatun bukatun

Saboda haka, sharuɗɗan matsayi (ko kuma, yarda da su) ya sa ya yiwu ya samar da mafi inganci, m da kuma kyakkyawan halaye na fasaha. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don nodes na wannan rukuni sune kamar haka:

• A kayan da zane na zamiya bearings ya zama kamar samar da m gogayya tsakanin gidaje da kuma hannun riga.

• Ƙarfin da rigidity na taron ya kamata ya zama kamar yadda zai iya tsayayya da duk wani nauyin da ake bukata.

• Matsakaicin sauki game da tsarin zane yana maraba. Lokacin shigar da shi, babu matsaloli.

• Dole ne a yi gyaran gyare-gyaren a cikin hanyar da cewa fuskar su yana da isasshen wuri don cire zafi a lokacin aiki.

Ta yaya

Gina da zanawa a cikin manyan masana'antu na musamman, wanda yawanci sun hada da manyan shaguna biyu: thermal da kuma inji. Lissafi na waɗannan masana'antu suna aiki a yanayin atomatik. Bugu da ƙari, an saka kayan inji na yau da kullum a shagunan.

A cikin} asashenmu mafi yawan mashahuran da aka samo a cikin masana'antun gida, da kuma a Switzerland (SKF). Tsarin kamfanonin SKF sun kasance daidai da na Rasha.