Mene ne batun daskarewa na barasa?

A daidai da janar definition, da sanyinsu ne da yawan zafin jiki mika mulki na wani abu daga wani ruwa jihar zuwa wani m. Wannan halayyar ya dogara ne akan abin da aka sanyaya (abun da ke ciki) da kuma abin da ke motsawa, domin Mafi girma da matsin, mafi girman batun daskarewa. Abinda ya fi shahara, wanda aka fi sau da yawa ya sauya daga jihar ruwa zuwa gagarumar ƙasa da kuma mataimakinsa, ruwa ne. An sani cewa talakawa ruwa zama kankara a sifili digiri Celsius, duk da haka, ultrapure H ₂ Ya cikin wuri mai tsabta jirgin ruwa na iya zama wani ruwa da kuma a cikin tsanani sanyi, kazalika da tẽku, hada da wani jam'i na salts.

Sauran taya suna da matakai daban-daban na wannan halayyar. Alal misali, maɓallin daskarewa na barasa yana da ƙananan ƙasa fiye da irin wannan darajar ruwa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan abu yana da ƙananan ƙananan.

A duka akwai ƙungiyoyi masu yawan giya, kowannensu yana da nasarorin jiki da hade. A yau, ana nuna bambanci azuzuwan:

- dangane da yawan hydroxyl kungiyoyin (daga monohydric zuwa polyhydric alcohols) .

- dogara ne akan yadda cikakken madadin hydrocarbon (unsaturated, iyakance, aromatic);

- Dangane da cyclicity a cikin hydrocarbon substituent (alicyclic, cyclic);

- by yawan masu maye gurbin alpha-carbon atom (firamare - sakandare).

Alal misali, sanyinsu na methanol barasa, game da monohydric ne debe 97 digiri Celsius da cyclohexanol - game da debe 42 ° ^C. Duk da haka, mafi search engines bayyana tambaya game da kaddarorin cikin ruwa, wani ɓangare na giya da abin sha. Daskarewa zafin jiki na ethyl barasa (ethanol) ne debe 114 digiri Celsius. Ana amfani da wannan kayan aiki a rayuwar yau da kullum don ware kayan abin shan giya daga abubuwan shan giya don "kara yawan digiri", da kuma yin hunturu "bahar-free" ga motoci. Ana kara wadansu masu motocin éthanol zuwa busassun rani ko kuma sun haɗu da ruwa a wasu tsinkayen.

Ya kamata a lura cewa ba duk kayan da ke cikin wannan kundin ba sun tuba zuwa wata ƙasa mai ƙarfi amma tare da sanyaya mai karfi. Alal misali, barasa sanyinsu phenyl carbinol (benzyl aromatic barasa) ne debe 15 ° ^C.

Idan kun kasance da sha'awar rarraba thermometers, zaka iya gano cewa akwai thermometers da ke aiki a kan barasa. Ee. Maimakon na'urar lantarki ko mercury a cikin na'urar yana dauke da barasa. Ana yin amfani da irin wannan ma'aunin zafi mai zafi a inda za'a auna ma'aunin yanayin zafi a yanayin gida. Alal misali, a Siberia, inda gishiri suke sau da yawa har zuwa kashi 50-60. A halin yanzu ma'aunin thermometers ba za su iya yin aiki daidai ba, saboda yawan zafin jiki na mercury yana da kimanin 38 ° C. Za ka iya gano ko wane thermometer kana da, ta launi na shafi a cikin ma'aunin zafi. Idan yana da silvery, to ciki shi ne mercury. Amma allon ja yana nuna alamar barasa. Ana amfani da irin wannan ma'aunin zafi a ma'aunin zafi. Ko da titin yana da -45 ° C, na'urar ba zai yarda ku ba, saboda Dandalin daskarewa na barasa ya fi ƙasa.