Ross MacDonald (Kenneth Millar), marubuci: biography, kerawa

Kenneth Millar, ya kange karkashin sunan Ross MacDonald, watakila, shi ne na uku memba na da ake kira Tirnity Mai Tsarki m jami'in tsaro, tare da Deshielom Hammett da Raymond Chandler. Kuma ga mutane da yawa da shi ne mafi muhimmanci kuma academically mutunta marubuci na uku.

manhaja vitae

Kenneth aka haife kan Disamba 13, 1915 a Los Gatos, California, amma girma da kuma fara karatu a Canada, inda yake dubawa kullum aching daga uwar da kuma maye na dangi, bayan ta saki tare da mahaifinsa Millar, wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa, wani mawãƙi kuma marubuci. A cewar Kenneth, ya kirga yawan dakuna a cikin abin da ya rayu a lokacin da ya fara shekara goma sha shida. Sun juya a kira su a total hamsin. Rashin tushen da kuma wõfintattu bar ta bace iyaye karfe maimaita motif a cikin adabi Millar.

Kenneth halarci makarantar kwana, da kuma a 1938 ya katse karatunsa a jami'ar Western Ontario, to a cikin wani shekara zuwa tafiya a kusa da Turai. Sa'an nan kuma akwai ziyarar zuwa Nazi Jamus. Ya koma Canada, aure Margaret Sturm da kuma kammala karatun shi a Jami'ar Michigan. Millar fara koyar da, wahayi zuwa gare ta wallafe-wallafen nasarar matarsa (Kenneth da Margaret - da aka sani American marubuta), na fara rubuta. A 1939, da ya Linda aka haife.

m iyali

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, watakila a sume wadannan a cikin sahun mahaifinsa, wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa, Millar yi aiki a matsayin jami'in sadarwa a kan da rakiya m Amurka Navy a cikin tekun Pacific. A shekarar 1946, a lokacin da jirgin ya a California, Margaret ziyarci mijinta, da kuma biyu yanke shawarar zama a can. Sauran rayuwarsa matarsa sun rayu a Santa Barbara.

Suka zauna da kyau, ko kuma a kalla haka ya zama kamar ma. Millar (a karkashin pseudonym da Yahaya, sa'an nan John Ross kuma a karshe Ross MacDonald) da kuma Margaret aka kai a kai da aka buga. Kenneth fara jerin ayyukan tare da masu zaman kansu jami'in Lyu Archera. "Live manufa" da farko littafin da ya sa hannu ya zama wani jami'in tsaro a shekarar 1949.

Personal da m juyo

Sa'an nan kome ya tafi ya smoothly. Iyalinsa da rai ya kasance ba m - ya fara aure matsaloli, da kuma Linda ya matsala yaro. Taimaka psychotherapy, kuma da labari, a 1959, "Galton Case" ya juyo duka biyu da kaina, kuma ir} iro. The kamu da wani ra'ayi tare da jami'in m (da Millar) m, m labaru na iyalai da kuma yadda zunuban da form a yanzu karshe an hõre - shi ga dukan waɗanda suke so su gan shi. Ko da yake a farkon ayyukan tare da m da aka kyau da aka rubuta da kuma mataki-cushe, "Galton Case" ya yi a farkon wannan aiki.

Daga wannan lokaci kan Ross MacDonald doke kuma da sake guda labarin: da m bambancin kan wannan batu na rasa da kuma watsi da yara, ba a nan iyaye da iyali ta asĩri. A cikin hannãyen m gogaggen marubuci shi zai iya ci gaba a cikin wani hack. Amma ba a cikin hali na Millar.

Ross MacDonald: wata sanarwa da nasara

A shekarar 1969, wani m review a kan suna page na "New York Times" (marubucin - William Goldman) latest labari Millar na jerin m "karshe look", wanda aka bi ta wata hira da Dzhona Leonarda karshe ja hankalin masu sukar, cewa marubuci ne ko da yaushe bai isa ba. Hakika, da girmamawa da cewa shi ya samu wani mutum a yau an samu godiya ga wannan labarin. Amma da shahararsa su ji dadin Ross MacDonald (littafin marubuci ba na baya zuwa ga ayyukan Stephen Sarki ta tallace-tallace), ya za a dogara ne a kan wani abu fiye da 'yan ambaci a cikin jaridar.

Ko da yake labarin da jũna a tabbatar da matsayi na MacDonald, ba su yi shi "ruhu mai tsarki," da jami'in tsaro tare da "baba" Hammett da Chendlerom- "dan". Masu fara amfani da kalmar "a cikin hadisi na Hammett, Chandler da MacDonald" a farkon 60s. Gaskiyar cewa Knopf shi ne m dukkan uku, kuma samar da abinci ga tunani, kazalika da cewa na farko Hammett ta labari ya bayyana a cikin shekara ta 1929, Chandler - a 1939 da kuma MacDonald - a shekarar 1949. Shi ya kasance kamar wata halitta ci gaban da jami'in labari.

m kira bisa

Ko da yake MacDonald aka ba sani, sunã daidaita da Hammett da Chandler da '50s, ya kasance da nisa da mafi kafofin yada acclaimed marubucin wannan shekaru goma. A m da kasuwanci nasarar da fim "Harper", dangane da farko labari na marubuci "Live manufa", kawai ƙarfafa shahararsa a shekarar 1966. Duk wannan da aka riga da articles a cikin "Newsweek" da kuma wani littafin review "The New York Times," wanda shi ne ainihin culmination na dogon aiwatar da samun m kira bisa.

Shi ne duk da magoya m? Ga mutane da yawa littafin da Lyu Archerom ne a wallafe-wallafen misali na rayuwarsu. Worth karantawa, da kuma son karanta sauran. Kuma wannan a lokacin da babu wani abin da aka sani game da accolades, amma 'yan tallace-tallace a kan inuwõyi.

Ross MacDonald: Bibliography

• "Dark Rami" - 1944.
• "Live manufa" - 1949.
• "Whirlpool tsotsa" - 1950.
• "Yadda mutu wasu" - 1951.
• "Matattu grin" - 1952.
• "Nemo hadaya" - 1954.
• "Barbary Coast" - 1956.
• "Manzanni Kaddara" - 1958.
• "Yana Galton" - 1959.
• "Wycherley" - 1961.
• "Taguwar akwatin gawa" - 1962.
• "Jin sanyi" - 1964.
• "A baya gefen dollar" - 1965.
• "Dirty Kudi" - 1966.
• "Bated maƙiyi" - 1968.
• "Farewell gani" - 1969.
• "Binne" - 1971.
• "Barci Beauty" - 1973.
• "Blue guduma" - 1976.

} Ir} iro m jami'in tsaro

Hakika, wasu talla MacDonald, musamman da kansa, yana da wuya a nike. Kuma ba duk ayyukansa ne daidai da karfi. Sa'an nan, ya rubuta da yawa daga littattafai - fiye da Hammett da Chandler tare. Kuma Rasha iya fara wani laifi labari inda shi ya ba ta kasance a gabãnin haka, kuma ta haka ne don sayar da yawa littattafai. M ne watakila na farko masu zaman kansu jami'in wanda da gaske ya bar maki kuma alama farkon wani sabon m zurfin m jami'in tsaro.

Millar ta sauran bukatun sun hada da kiyayewa da kuma siyasa. Ross MacDonald a gano da m da kullum canja al'umma na gida jihar, ko da yake babban so ya convoluted da kuma boye asirai daga cikin zuciyar mutum, ci asirce da gaskiya, bi guda aka azabtar da kisa. Kuma a karshen ya bar wani gagarumin alama a cikin Genre, yana so wani ko ba.

Traces tausayi m (ko zub da jini slabodushie, dangane da hangen zaman) an gano a cikin ayyukan Roberta Parkera, Michael Collins, Bill Pronzini, Sue Grafton, Dzhozefa Hansena, Jonathan Valen da kuma Stephen Greenleaf da yawa wasu marubuta. Wani dole zahiri sun karanta littafin, ba kawai 'yan jarida excerpts daga marubucin.

fitarwa daga abokan aiki

A shekarar 1965, marubucin ya shugaban Society of American jami'in tsaro a shekarar 1964 ya karbi "Azurfa wuƙa" da kuma, a shekarar 1965 - "Golden wuka" na Birtaniya Association of marubuta na jami'in labaru, da kuma a 1981 ya an girmama tare da lambar yabo ga rayuwa rabo daga American Society of Writers da jami'in salo.

Ken Millar mutu Yuli 11, 1983, don adana da al'adunmu, ya kuma bar ta mark a kan jami'in labari. M jerin bukatu, daga karatu ba kawai don warware asirin rayukan mu, amma, mafi mahimmanci, kokarin fahimtar su.

Idan Deshiel Hammett hũra a sanyi jami'in m karfi da Raymond Chandler ya zama kafa ta rinjaye sautin, sa'an nan Ken Millar, aka Ross MacDonald, ya ba da Genre na girmamawa da cewa ya jin daɗin yanzu samar da duniya readership da sauƙaƙe hanyar zuwa mabiyansa.