Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod, Veliky Novgorod: da hotuna da kuma siffofin da gine-gine

Daga cikin Monuments na Ancient Rasha bautar wani wuri na musamman da Haikalin da aka gina a Novgorod a XII karni da kuma sani da Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod. A takaice dai tarihi na halitta yana kunshe ne a cikin suke dashi rubutum vaults, da kuma ƙarin bayani shi ne sakamakon da za'ayi archaeological aiki da shi. Bari mu zauna a kan wannan musamman shaida na tsufa.

Prince - a fi so na Novgorod

Bisa ga suke dashi Monuments na zamanin d rubuce-rubuce da aka sani da "na biyu Novgorod Chronicle", a 1113, ɗan Vladimira Monomaha, Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, a kan hakkin banki na Volkhov aka kafa dutse babban coci na St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.

A wucewa, ya kamata a lura da cewa yarima Mstislav su ayyukan ƙwarai sanã'anta a Novgorod soyayya da kuma duniya veneration. A karo na farko a kan bankunan na Volkhov ya bayyana a 1088 yana da shekaru na goma sha uku, sai aka aika zuwa wucin gadi sarautar kakansa, Grand Duke na Kiev Vsevolod. The matasa m zuwa mutuža fadi alheri ga 'yan kasa, da cewa shekara bakwai daga baya, su da kansu kira shi, bayan da a cikin 1097 Novgorod karshe an sanya shi ga Mstislav Resolution Lyubech Congress sarakuna.

Babban babban coci da Novgorod veche

A wuri domin gina haikalin da aka ba zaba kwatsam. Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga wannan labarinsa, shẽkara ɗari da suka wuce, a matsayin sarkin Novgorod, gina a can na majalisar Yaroslav Mudry. Saboda haka, wannan yanki ne dake daura da Novgorod Kremlin, mai suna Detinets, samu matsayi na musamman, da kuma Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod - don haka ya zama da aka sani cikin mutane, aka gina shi a matsayin 'ya'yan sarakuna ba coci. Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa, shi ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin gine-gine na Haikalin Novgorod, na biyu a shekaru kawai Sophia Cathedral.

Tsarkake Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod ya a 1136, lokacin da korar da Kiev Prince Vsevolod Mstislavovich, mazauna kafa Novgorod Jamhuriyar. An sani cewa tun farkon XIII karni coci na St. Nicholas zama ta babban veche babban coci. Up har fall na jamhuriyar a 1478 kusa da ƙofar zuwa wani m da discordant birane majalisar.

Cathedral Square, wanda ya zama wani fage na gwagwarmayar siyasa

Tun da aka kafa a cikin Novgorod Republican nau'i na gwamnati na Prince zama shi aka koma a waje da birnin iyaka da kuma yana cikin Rurik shiri. Tun wannan lokacin, rasa matsayi na Grand Palace Church, Cathedral City, da kuma na bude ga dukan comers.

Bisa ga tarihin, tun 1228 Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod (Veliky Novgorod) shaidu kaifi siyasa rikici tsakanin gwamnati da kuma kowa mutane. Bugu da kari kan halattacciyar taron, membobin wanda aka zabe wakilan na kowane fannin rayuwa, daga ganuwar da babban coci da aka je da ake kira seditious majalisar. Wadannan kwanaki, Cathedral Square da aka cika da daruruwan disgruntled yanke shawara riƙi a square a gaban St. Sophia Cathedral, wanda kuma housed taron kararrawa.

Rigingimu tsakanin bangarori daban-daban na birnin

A tarihin na zamanin d Novgorod a lokacin da mulkin demokra] iyya ya kuma kiyaye shaida na gwagwarmaya ba kawai tsakanin daban-daban yawan kungiyoyin, rabu da zamantakewa aji, amma kuma daga cikin biyar daban-daban yankunan na birnin, da ake kira "iyakar". Da masu bincike, wannan sabon abu da aka kira "mezhkonchanskoy gwagwarmaya."

A yammacin ƙofar babban coci housed da ake kira digiri Veche - dandali ko podium, tsara don mafi mashahuri, kuma m mahalarta a cikin majalisa, ya tsaya a kan wanda aka dauke a matsayin girmamawa. A lokacin gwagwarmaya tsakanin fannoni daban daban na birnin (1218-1219), a lokacin da shi ba a riga ya kafa wata hujja delineation na matsayi na kowane daga cikin tsaurin tarnaƙi, Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod da makwabtaka yankin ya zama cibiyar gwabzawa cewa ƙara a cikin bude wani lokacin ta faɗa.

A karkashin kariya daga saving vaults

Tare da birane matsayi na Haikalin, da kuma, fiye da dukan, wuri mai tsarki, babban coci, bisa ga kafa al'ada tun zamanin da, shi ne mai Haven ga dukan waɗanda suka nemi ceto daga biyun da hukumomi da kuma ta mutane ta fushi. Mutane da yawa irin wannan misalai za a iya samu a rubuce records da lokaci. A musamman, daya daga cikin tarihin ruwaito cewa a 1338 da m taron na gari aka ceto a cikinsa fitar archimandrites Esif kuma Lawrence. Fafararsu dogon lokaci tsare su a ƙofar babban coci, amma bai yi kuskure ya shiga cikin wannan da kuma ceto rayukan yan gudun hijira.

Period na dakushe na babban coci

A cikin wadannan karni, a lokacin da Novgorod rasa samun 'yancin kai da kuma zama wani ɓangare na Grand Duchy na Moscow, tsohon vechevoj Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod ba ya cikin diocesan ofishin, da kuma a gidan sarauta. Wannan ya ba da damar samun domin ta gyara wasu gwamnati tallafin da kyau sakamako a kan general yanayin.

Ba ta kasance ba har zuwa tsakiyar cikin XVIII karni, a lõkacin da umurnin Empress Elizabeth, ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga iko na Diocese na Novgorod kuma ya zama na gari ta babban coci ba tare da shiga, wanda ba zai iya shafar ta kudi matsayi. A sakamakon haka, saboda da rashin kudi da ake bukata domin overhaul, Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod (Novgorod) zuwa karshen karni ta zama dilapidated, kuma ya zo da gaggawa jihar.

M maimaitawa na coci

Kawai tun da lokaci na mulkin sarkin Alexander I a cikin rãyuwar babban coci fara canza ga mafi alhẽri. A 1810, a kan mafi girman umurnin da aka saki kudi ga ta maimaitawa, wanda ya taimaka wajen gina yammacin kuma arewacin bangarorin da tsawo, wanda zai gida: da sacristy, dumi chapels, square da kuma baranda. Bugu da kari, a zamanin mulkin dansa - Nicholas I, bene na babban coci da aka yi liyi tare da simintin slabs.

A 1913, da Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod (Novgorod) ya bude kofofin ta ga sarki iyali. Dalilin wannan taron shi ne vosmisotletie tun da alamomin kuma trohsotletie mulki House of Romanov. A kan Hauwa'u na da ziyarar da manyan baƙi a shi da fadi da kewayon maido aikin da aka za'ayi.

A rabo daga cikin Haikali a Soviet shekaru

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin da sabuwar gwamnatin ba rufe Cathedral. Wannan ne evidenced da tsaresu daga waɗanda sau takardun da tunanin na haihuwa. The kawai shiga tsakani a cikin rayuwarsa za a iya gani a matsayin shawarar da Novgorod City Majalisar daga 1933 a kan tushen da haikalin ya zama wani gidan kayan gargajiya a lokaci guda. Tun daga nan, da ganuwar tare da hajji gudanar da yawon shakatawa.

A lokacin yakin, Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod ya samu gagarumin lalacewa. A musamman, daga dakarun lalace rufin da kuma na sama sassa. Bugu da kari, dukan girma na zamanin d gabas zuwa yamma haye zurfin crack ratsa masonry ganuwar, arches da vaults. A bam a yammacin shirayin an hallaka rufin.

Bayan da yaki ya za'ayi a jerin maido ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod koma ga muminai, amma a shekarar 1962 ta matsayi kamar yadda na yanzu coci da aka soke. Tun wannan lokacin, kasancewa a lura da Novgorod yankin gidan kayan gargajiya, ya zama abu na bincika. A m shekaru, ya aka ciyar da fadi da kewayon archaeological aikin, wanda a yarda a fi fahimtar da tarihi da kuma asali bayyanar. The Dome na Cathedral birnin halshen a planetarium.

Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod: gine-gine da siffofin

Yau, da tsoho babban coci, ajiye tuna da tarihi na m Novgorod Jamhuriyar, bautar wani abu matsayi a cikin sauran gine-gine a hada a cikin hadaddun na Novgorod ciniki. Its gine-gine da bayyanar da musamman laconic kuma m.

Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod, photos of wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin, shi ne wata biyar-domed gini gaban, gabas a daure ta uku apses - semicircular bango tsinkaya, wanda aka sanya a cikin bagaden. Its vaults goyan bayan shida iko da ginshiƙai located a cikin babban gini.

Su shaci coci nuna dangantakarsa da wani fitacciyar tsoho Novgorod gine - St. Sophia Cathedral. A general, bisa ga sukar, ta siffar yayi dace da hadisai kafa a gine na Kievan Rus na XII karni. Sun zama wani tsawo na da yawa coci da gine-gine na Novgorod, ciki har da Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod.

A frescoes wanda ya fentin a cikin shekaru na da aka kafa ta, domin mafi yawan bangare rasa, da kuma kawai karamin yawan su zauna a cikin nau'i na raba da wani ɓaɓɓake. Daga cikin su za mu iya haskaka da image na "Last iyãma", sanya a kan bangon yamma, da "Three Hierarchs" a kan kudu bango, kazalika da mãkirci na "Ayuba-azãba, a gnoische" a cikin tsakiyar apse.

wayewar

A lokacin daga shekarar 1994 zuwa 1999, lokacin da reorganization ya buɗe sama da sabuwar dama da adana al'adu da tarihi al'adunmu na baya ƙarni, sake-sabuntawa na babban coci da aka za'ayi. aiki aikin amounted zuwa wani rukuni na gine-ginen jagorancin Novgorod GM ginshiƙai, da kuma kudade ya zaci na duniya NGO "Hansa League."