Sha'awar: "Printmaking - abin da yake da shi?"

A da yawa gidajensu, kuma wannan rana zauna lebur baki yanki na itace to yanke ta hanyar su uncomplicated images. A 'yan masu na Soviet mabukaci kaya, da kuma wannan rana yi imani da cewa suna da ayyukan art, kira a matsayin kwafi. Ba cewa su ne gaba ɗaya ba daidai ba, amma game da yanzu art akwai na iya zama babu tambaya. Just buga - yana da yawa mafi fadi ra'ayi fiye da alama ga mutane da yawa. Diddigin: printmaking - abin da yake da shi?

Muhimmancin da kalmar

The kalmar "print" - a Rasha version na ambatacce, mai suna zuwa mana daga Turai, inda ya bayyana a cikin 14-15 karnoni (a Faransa estampe, Italiyanci stampa), kuma an kai tsaye nasaba da ci gaban bugu. Kwafi kira gravure ko wani ra'ayi daga cikin template (buga form) a kan takardar da takarda. Da farko, printmaking ba kai dauke art form, amma da aka sani kawai fasaha tsari image haifuwa. Kuma sosai lokaci-cinyewa, bukata daga artist painstakingly da kuma m zanen. Amma tun sa'an nan kwafi m kullum ci gaba da inganta. Ta overgrown m dabaru, ya dauki wani sabon siffar, da kuma saboda yanzu ba haka ba ne sauki domin sanin ma'anar kalmar. Kwafi a zamaninmu - shi ne hakan na sunayen da yawa art siffofin.

A cikin iri na kwafi

Kokarin gane abin da da dabara na engraving, mu juya zuwa ga masu labarin. Kafin hoton da aka buga a kan takardar, shi ya kamata a fentin ko kwarzana a kan wasu akai: itace, karfe, da dai sauransu, ya fara bayyana da farko woodcut, daga baya - a kan jan ... A tsawon lokaci, akwai wasu jinsunan da irin wannan dabaru. Convex da kuma zurfin engraving - su fasahar bambanta kawai a abin da launi Buga zai dace da GROOVES a kan matrix jirgin. Lithography - a kan wani lebur surface Paint aka amfani, da kuma resultant buga ne kullum ba ya da taimako. A halin yanzu kwafi, dangane da hanyar da su shiri, za a iya dangana ga dama iri: high da gravure bugu, lebur bugu, allo. Kowace daga cikin wadannan, bi da bi, zuwa kashi kungiyoyin. Bari mu magana game da wannan a bit more.

Estampnaya jadawalin

The graphics a Greek - yana jawo. Canjawa wuri daga baya zuwa wasu kayan hoto - print. Amma bai kamata mu dauka kwafi wasu tsoho, antediluvian fasaha: wannan irin kerawa a kasashen da dama, kuma shi ne m ga wannan rana. Alal misali, a Mexico a kai a kai bakuncin gasa, nune-nunen, taimaka fata don Master wannan rare abin shagala kawai a cikin kasar. Bayan duba ayyukan gida artists amsa ga tambaya: "Printmaking - abin da yake da shi" - zai sauti kamar haka: "Printmaking - a hada iyawa da artist da kuma sassaƙa." Bayan duk, da fasahar aiki na dogon lokaci ya canza ba yawa. A kwamitin m itace ne amfani incisors so juna, sa'an nan ta amfani da wani nadi ne mai rufi da tawada. A bayanin da aka amfani da su a hukumar da kuma takardar da takarda da aka guga man a kan latsa. Kwafi iya yi mai yawa, kuma kowa da kowa a lokaci guda za a zaton wani asali.

etching

Kuma duk da haka tambaya "Printmaking, abin da yake da shi?" Ya kamata rush amsa: "Craft". Printmaking ne ma'adanin - wanda ba tafiyar abar tsõro ko mafi mashawarta painters. Wata irin Print - etching - ya zama sananne ciki har da ta hanyar da aiki da irin wannan baiwa da ya lokaci, Rembrandt kuma Goya. The kalmar "etching" (daga Faransa kalmomi eau-forte, ruwa ne da karfi, m. E. Nitric acid) na nufin wani irin engraving a kan wani karfe, da hanyar kyale su samu kwafi da bugu siffofin pretreated tare acid. A kan karfe allura kwamitin yi jawo, sa'an nan zurfafa hoto kashi ne Karfafuwa da karfe etching acid. Daga baya etched sarari mai cike da tawada da kuma buga su a musamman inji buga a kan takardar moistened na takarda. The fasaha ne ba sauki, amma sakamakon! Ya etchings shahara baiwa Albrecht Dürer, amma wannan dabara ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma da yawa wasu - da aka sani ko riga manta Masters.

game da serigraphy

Da hakkin ya tambayi "Printmaking abin da shi ne" da kuma amsar zai kasance: "Screenprinting". Serigraphy ko allo bugu, cikin ayoyin ake magana a kai Hanyar sake kunnawa ko hotuna tare da taimakon wani stencil bugu farantin, ta hanyar abin da tawada samun a shirye abu don wannan manufa. A Hanyar cewa yana amfani da wani emulsion ne da yawa kamar bugu hotuna. A halin yanzu, allo bugu ne musamman m, tun mafi fasaha. A fannin yin amfani da shi ne kusan marasa iyaka: daga kwakwalwan kwamfuta babbar posters daga daya kwafin zuwa dubban kofe. Screen bugu Hanyar ne m ga takarda da Textiles, domin tukwane da kuma roba kayan. Silk allo bugu ne manufa domin ado na kayayyakin da duk siffofi da kuma kaddara: gwangwani, kwalabe, balloons yi na latex da sauransu.

Amma da siliki allo ne ba kawai mai girma m muhimmancin. Screenprinting - shi ne ma mai matukar ban sha'awa da irin art wanda ya zama m, a cikin karni na karshe. Karɓi tũba gare shi ko da irin wannan shahara Figures a matsayin Dzhekson Pollok da Fernan Lezhe, Endi Uorhol , da kuma da dama sauran mai girma, ba kama da juna Masters. Sun tabbatar da cewa Buga - shi zai iya zama mai girma!