Shikenan lissafin: ra'ayi, da kaddarorin, tsarin da irin

Kusan duk abin da a cikin duniya shi ne batun da wasu dokoki da ka'idoji. Kimiyyar zamani ba ta tsaya cik, saboda haka cewa taro na bil'adama da aka sani dabarbari da kuma lissafi mai tsauri, wadannan wanda shi ne yiwuwa yin lissafi da kuma sake wani iri-iri ayyuka da kuma Tsarin halitta da yanayi, da kuma kawo ga rayuwar da ra'ayin wani mutum da aka yi.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattauna da asali Concepts algorithm.

Labarin da lissafi mai tsauri

Shikenan lissafin - wani ra'ayi gabatar a XII karni. The kalmar "algorithm" da aka samu daga Latin sunan fassarar sanannen lissafi na gabas ta tsakiya Mohammed Al Khwarizmi, wanda ya rubuta littafin "A Indiya lissafi". Wannan littafin ya bayyana yadda za a rubuta da na halitta lambobi, ta amfani da Larabci numerals, da kuma bayanin shafi algorithm na ayyuka a kan wadannan lambobi.

A XII karni na littafin "A Indiya lissafi" an fassara zuwa cikin Latin, sa'an nan, kuma akwai wannan definition.

algorithm hulda da mutumin da na'ura

Samar da wani algorithm bukatar wani m m, don haka da sabon jerin m ayyuka za su iya kawai haifar da halitta mai rai. Amma ga wasan kwaikwayon na data kasance dokokin Ba dole ba ne da tunanin za a magance cewa har ma da soulless kayan.

An kyau kwarai misali na madaidaici kisa wa'azi aka bai obin na lantarki blank, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki duk da babu abinci a ciki.

Subject ko abu, wanda ba dole ba ne shiga cikin jigon da algorithm aka kira wani m mai yi. The mutum kuma iya zama m mai yi, amma a yanayin saukan maras riba na wani mataki shiryayye mai yi iya yi kome a kansa. Saboda haka, babban 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne kwakwalwa, obin na lantarki dafuwa, tarho da kuma sauran kayan aiki. A ra'ayi na algorithm a kwamfuta kimiyya ne mafi muhimmanci. Kowane algorithm aka sanya tare da fata da wani batu, shan la'akari da halatta ayyuka. The abubuwa to wanda wani mahaluži iya amfani da umarnin dokoki daga cikin masu aikatawa.

Kusan duk abin da a cikin duniya shi ne batun da wasu dokoki da ka'idoji. Kimiyyar zamani ba ta tsaya cik, saboda haka cewa taro na bil'adama da aka sani dabarbari da kuma lissafi mai tsauri, wadannan wanda shi ne yiwuwa yin lissafi da kuma sake sa na ayyuka da kuma halittun da yanayi da kuma gane ideas ƙirƙira by mutum. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattauna da asali Concepts algorithm.

Mene ne wani algorithm?

Mafi yawa daga cikin ayyuka da cewa mu yi a cikin shakka daga ransa, na bukatar riko ga wasu sharudda. A yadda wani mutum na da hakkin ra'ayin game da abin da, da yadda kuma a cikin abin da oda ya kamata sa dogara a kan inganci da sakamakon da ta ayyuka. Tun suna yara, iyaye suna kokarin aiki fita a Chadi algorithm asali ayyuka, kamar: tashi, cika gado, wanke up kuma Brush ka hakora, yin atisayen, karin kumallo da sauransu, cikin jerin wanda mutum ya yi aikin da rayuwarsa da safe kuma za a iya dauke da wani irin algorithm ...

Shikenan lissafin - wani ra'ayi denoting tarin umarnin cewa mutum dole ne cika domin magance wata matsala musamman.

A general, da algorithm yana da yawa ma'anar, wasu masu bincike fahince shi daban.

Idan algorithm amfani da mutum kowace rana, kowa da kowa yana da nasa, kuma zai iya bambanta dangane da shekaru da kuma yanayi a wanda yake shi ne mai yi, sa'an nan a sa na ayyuka da za a yi don warware wani ilmin lissafi matsala ko don yin amfani da fasahar, daya ga duk kuma ko da yaushe ya kasance iri guda.

Akwai daban-daban ra'ayi na algorithm, da dama lissafi mai tsauri ne daban-daban, kuma - misali, ga wani mutum wanda yake korarsu duk wata manufa, da kuma ga fasaha.

A wannan zamani na bayanai fasahar mutane yin kullum sa na umarnin halitta musu da sauran mutane, saboda da dabara na bukatar yin amfani da m kisan wani yawan ayyuka. Saboda haka, babban aiki na malamai a makarantu - domin ya koyar da yara su yi amfani da lissafi mai tsauri zuwa da sauri fahimci da kuma canja data kasance dokoki, daidai da halin da ake ciki. A tsarin da algorithm ne daya daga cikin wadanda Concepts cewa an yi karatu a aji na lissafi da kuma Informatics a kowace makaranta.

Ainihin kaddarorin da algorithm

1. Resolution (jeren mutum ayyuka) - wani algorithm dole ne a wakilta a jerin sauki matakai, kowanne daga abin da dole ne a fara bayan da suka gabata daya.

2. Ma'anar - kowane mataki na algorithm ya zama kamar sauki da kuma m ga mai yi ba tambayoyi da kuma ba shi da 'yancin mataki.

3. Yawan aiki - bayanin irin algorithm ya zama bayyanannu, kuma da cikakken, don bayan kisan duk umarnin aikin kai mai ma'ana karshen.

4. Mass - da algorithm dole ne a iya amfani da wani dukan ajin na matsaloli da cewa za a iya warware kawai ta canza algorithm Figures. Ko da yake an yi imani da cewa na karshe sakin layi Bai shafi lissafi mai tsauri, da kuma duk ilmin lissafi hanyoyin in general.

Sau da yawa a makarantu ba da 'ya'ya a sarari bayanin lissafi mai tsauri, malamai buga da misali na dafa littafin girke-girke, yin sayen magani kwayoyi ko sabulu yin tsari dogara ne a kan mai gida aji. Duk da haka, ba na biyu dũkiyar algorithm, wanda ya furta cewa kowane batu na algorithm dole ne haka a bayyane yake cewa yana iya yin cikakken kowa har ma da wata na'ura, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa duk wani tsari da bukatar wani buɗi na akalla wasu zato algorithm Yana ba za a iya kira. A dafa abinci da kuma needlework bukatar wasu fasaha da kuma da-ɓullo da hasashensu.

Akwai daban-daban na lissafi mai tsauri, amma akwai uku main su.

cyclical algorithm

A irin wannan, da wasu da maki aka maimaita sau da yawa. A jerin ayyuka da cewa dole ne a maimaita a cimma burin, da ake kira jikin algorithm.

Iteration na madauki - shi ne cikar dukan abubuwa kunshe a jikin madauki.
Rabo daga zagayowar cewa kullum yi wani yawan sau, da ake kira da sake zagayowar da tsayayyen yawan iterations.

Wadanda sassa na sake zagayowar, da maimaitawa mita na wanda ya dogara a kan wani yawan yanayi da ake kira indeterminate.

A sauki tsari na sake zagayowar - yana gyarawa.

Akwai iri biyu cyclical lissafi mai tsauri:

• Madauki da na kafin lokaci. A wannan yanayin, jiki na madauki jami'in dake duba yawan ta yanayin da shi za a kashe.

• Da'ira da postcondition. A wani sake zagayowar tare da postcondition dubawa yanayin zo bayan da madauki kisa.

Ƙirgar iri Algorithms

Masu irin wannan haihuwarka An kashe sau daya a cikin jerin cikin abin da suka gabatar. Alal misali, a mikakke algorithm za a iya daukarsa a matsayin ciko gado tsari ko brushing. Koma zuwa irin wannan ilmin lissafi misalai, inda kawai gabatar da ayyuka na Bugu da kari kuma subtraction.

sashe algorithm

The sashe irin kana da zažužžuka dayawa, wasu daga cikinsu za a shafi dogara a kan yanayi.

Misali. Tambaya: "Akwai ruwan sama?" Zai yiwu ba da amsa: "Eh" ko "Babu". Idan "eh" - bude laima, idan "ba" - sa laima a wata jakar.

A karin algorithm

A karin algorithm za a iya amfani da su a sauran lissafi mai tsauri ta hanyar tantancewa kawai da sunan da.

Sharuddan a Algorithms

A yanayin ne tsakanin kalmomi "idan" da "sa'an nan."

Alal misali, idan ka san Turanci, latsa daya. A tsari ne wani ɓangare na da yanayin jumlar "ka san da harshen Turanci."

Data - bayanai da kai wasu ma'anar da kuma gabatar a cikin irin wannan hanyar da za su iya a canjawa wuri da kuma amfani da wannan algorithm.

Algorithmic tsari - a yanke shawara tare da wasu bayanai daga cikin matsalar da algorithm.

A tsarin da algorithm

A algorithm iya samun daban-daban tsarin. Don bayyana da algorithm, manufar wanda ya dogara a kan tsarinta, za ka iya amfani da wani yawan hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar: fi'ili, hoto, da taimakon wani musamman ɓullo da algorithmic harshe.

Wanne Hanyar Za a yi amfani dogara da dalilai da dama: da wuya daga cikin matsala, yadda za a daki-daki cikin tsari na magance matsalar, kuma haka a kan ..

Graphic version of algorithm ci gaba

Graphic algorithm - wani ra'ayi nufi da an fadada ayyukan da za a yi ga wani takamaiman aiki, ga wasu lissafi siffofi.

Flowcharts an zāna ba kamar yadda m. Domin su iya fahimta da wani mutum mafi sau da yawa amfani flowcharts da strukturogrammy Nassi-Shneiderman.

Har ila yau, kashi wanda aka nuna a bisa Gost 19701-90 da Gost 19.003-80.
Graphic siffofi amfani a cikin algorithm kasu kashi:

• Key. Key images ake amfani da su koma zuwa ga ayyukan wajibi ga data aiki a warware matsalar.

• Karin. Karin hoto bukatar koma zuwa mutum, ba mafi muhimmanci, da abubuwa na bayani.

A graphics algorithm lissafi Figures amfani da su bayyana data, da ake kira tubalan.

All tubalan a cikin jerin suna "top-saukar da" da "bari" - wannan shi ne daidai shugabanci na kwarara. Lokacin da daidai jerin Lines interconnecting tubalan ba nuna shugabanci. A wasu lokuta, da layin shugabanci da aka nuna ta kibiyoyi.

A daidai tsari algorithm kada ta kasance fiye da daya fita daga aiki raka'a, kuma a kalla biyu jimloli na tubalan da alhakin dabaru aiki da kuma ta yanayi.

Yadda za a gina wani algorithm dama?

A tsarin da algorithm, kamar yadda ya bayyana a sama, dole ne a gina a bisa Gost, in ba haka ba shi ba zai kasance bayyanannu, kuma da dama ga wasu.

Janar hanya don rikodi hada da wadannan abubuwa:

Sunan da za su bayyana a fili abin da za a iya cimma tare da taimakon wannan makirci.

Kowane algorithm dole ne a fili alama da farkon da kuma kawo karshen.

A lissafi mai tsauri ne a fili da aka bayyana duk bayanai, duka biyu shigar da fitarwa.

A jawo sama da algorithm kamata a lura da matakai da za su yi da matakan da suka dace don magance matsalar kan bayanan da aka zaɓa. A hankula nau'i na algorithm:

• A tsari sunan.
• Data.
• Fara.
• Team.
• Ƙare.

Proper yi na makirci zai ƙwarai sauƙaƙe lissafi lissafi mai tsauri.

Lissafi Figures, alhakin daban-daban matakai a cikin algorithm

Horizontally kamanta m - farkon da kuma karshen (ƙarshe alama).

Horizontally zubar murabba'i mai dari - lissafi, ko wasu ayyuka (aiwatar mark).

Horizontally zubar parallelogram - shigar ko fitarwa (data mark).

Horizontally daidaitacce lu'u-lu'u - da tabbaci na (ãyã mafita).

A elongate, horizontally zubar heksagon - gyara (shiri mark).

Model Algorithms aka gabatar a cikin adadi a kasa.

Formula-fi'ili zaɓi na gina wani algorithm.

Formula-verbally lissafi mai tsauri da aka rubuta a cikin wani tsari, a cikin jargon na filin ga abin da aikin nasa. Description of ayyuka da za'ayi a cikin irin wannan hanyar da kalmomi da dabarbari.

A ra'ayi na algorithm a kwamfuta kimiyya

A cikin kwamfuta filin kome dogara ne a kan lissafi mai tsauri. Ba tare da bayyana jagororin, gabatar a cikin wani nau'i na musamman code cewa zai yi aiki ba, babu kayan aiki, ko software. A cikin darussan da na kimiyyar kwamfuta dalibai don kokarin bayar da asali Concepts na lissafi mai tsauri, da kuma koyi yin amfani da su da kansa don ƙirƙirar su.

Halittar kuma da yin amfani da lissafi mai tsauri a kwamfuta kimiyya - da m tsari fiye da, misali, kisan umarnin don magance matsalar a lissafi.

Akwai kuma na musamman shirin "shikenan lissafin", wanda taimaka mutane jahilai a fagen shirye-shirye da kuma haifar da nasu shirye-shirye. Wannan hanya zai iya zama wani makawa ga kayan aiki da waɗanda suka yi su na farko matakai a kwamfuta kimiyya da kuma son haifar da nasu wasanni ko wani shirin.

A daya hannun, wani shirin - algorithm. Amma idan algorithm Bears kawai ayyuka da cewa bukatar yi, sa your data, da shirin riga yana da wani shirye-sanya data. Wani bambanci - shi ne cewa shirin za a iya jadadda mallaka, kuma aka mai zaman mallakar, da kuma algorithm aikata ba. Shikenan lissafin - wani ra'ayi mafi fadi fiye da shirin.

ƙarshe

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattauna da manufar da algorithm da iri, koyi yadda za a rubuta zana makirci.