Software: misalai. Development of software

Mene ne software? Misalai wajen yin amfani da yin amfani da muka hadu a kowace rana, zaune a kwamfuta. Ko wani sauki yunkuri na linzamin kwamfuta fadin allo - wannan shi ne sakamakon da software. Mene ne irin software? Ta yaya ne ci gaban da software?

Software: Theory

Computer aiki ne da za'ayi a kudi na jimlar yin amfani da hardware da software. A karkashin farko shi ne a sa na kwakwalwan kwamfuta, allon kayan wutan da sauran kayan lantarki da kuma na'urorin da cewa yin up da PC. A karkashin biyu - da kwamfuta shirye-shirye da aka tsara don aiwatar da bayanai da kuma yin amfani ɗawainiya ta amfani da PC. Da farko irin harshe na dabam ne sau da yawa ake kira "hardware", na biyu - "taushi."

Popping up a kan kwamfutarka ta hanyar shigarwa - ajiye da ya dace fayilolin a kan faifai. A wasu lokuta ya zama dole ka ɗaukaka software. An, a gaskiya, sake-shigar da mafi alheri, kuma mafi zamani version na software. Don shigar da software, kana bukatar ka yi wani abin da ake kira "rarraba". Shi ne na musamman shirin sakawa.

Akwai biyu main iri software - tsarin da aikace-aikace. A farko da irin damar da PC aiki tare cikin sharuddan da asali ayyuka: farawa, download, da kuma aiwatar da low-matakin mai aiki da na'urar kwamfuta ayyukan. Babban iri na tsarin software da aka dauke su da tsarin aiki (OS), da kuma iko da kwamfuta hardware aka gyara da kuma su saituna.

Aikace-aikace software - wani shirin a cikin abin da wani PC ne kusan sanya gagarumin matakai. Alal misali, bugawa, arya, zane, shiga intanet da sauransu. D.

Idan ka rage wuya da harshe, shi za a iya takaitashi a matsayin haka: tsarin software - for PC aikace-aikace - mai amfani. Wata hanyar bayyana bambanci sauki sharuddan: aikin tsarin shirye-shirye, yawanci ba a bayyane. Sun yi su ayyuka ba tare da "shawarwari" tare da mai amfani a stealth Yanayin. Bi da bi, da kawai tare da kai tsaye sa hannu na mai amfani da guje da aikace-aikace software. Misalai na biyu daga gare su, za mu tattauna a yau.

Akwai, ba shakka, da kuma "maras kwamfuta" iri software. Su za a iya sarrafawa da wani daban-daban irin na'urar - misali, Allunan, wayoyin salula na zamani, talabijin. Akwai software sauyin yanayi kula da tsarin, masana'antu da wuraren, da sauransu. D.

Mene ne tsarin aiki?

OS - Basic sharuddan na aiki ikon da PC irin tsarin software. Me shi nasa wannan category na software? Gaskiyar cewa kafofin watsa labarai, generated tsarin aiki a guje komai da kwamfuta software (duka biyu na tsari da kuma amfani da). OS ne tushe ga aiki na PC. Idan babu tsarin aiki, babu sauran shirin zai yi aiki ba. Babban matakai na OS suna boye daga mai amfani.

Mafi na kowa tsarin aiki a duniya domin PC - Windows (mafi mashahuri, akwai da yawa da versions na shi - 7th, 8th, XP da sauransu), Linux, MacOS.

Tsarin Software: Driver

Na biyu, watakila mafi muhimmanci da irin tsarin software - direba. Suna tsara don tabbatar da daidai aiki na hardware aka gyara. Idan ba ka shigar da direba faifai, to, shi ba zai yi aiki. Hakazalika - graphics katin, linzamin kwamfuta, modem, har ma da processor. Hankula software cibiyar sadarwa tsaro - direba na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ko modem. Wannan irin software yawanci zo kayan aiki masana'antun (da kuma a lokuta da dama bangare ne na tsarin aiki).

Wannan shi ne jigon da tsarin software. Gaba a layin dole mu - aikace-aikace software, misalai daga cikin rare mafita, da kuma babban fasali da aka miƙa wa masu amfani.

Aikace-aikace software: riga-kafi, utilities

Kowa iri aikace-aikace software - wannan shi ne riga-kafi da kuma mai amfani. Tsohon aka yi nufi ga kare PC daga malicious shirye-shirye da cewa za a iya musaki wasu software ko hardware aka gyara daga cikin kwamfuta. Wasu daga Rasha ta fi rare riga-kafi software - NOD32, DrWeb, Kaspersky. Kayan more rayuwa da aka tsara don tabbatar da barga aiki na kwamfuta, ci gaba da lura da nawa aikin daidai processor, woje, memory, da kuma sauran hardware aka gyara daga cikin kwamfuta.

Popular aikace-aikace. Microsoft Word

Wanne daga cikin takamaiman aikace-aikace software samfurori ne mafi in bukatar a yau? Da farko, wannan yana zartuwa ga shirye-shirye domin kalmar aiki. Wannan irin aiki a kan kwamfuta - tarihi da farko. Daya daga cikin duniya da ya fi rare shirye-shirye ga kalma aiki da kuma kisa na related ayyukan (jawo Tables, jadawalai, da dai sauransu ...) - Word. An ɓullo da daya daga cikin duniya most hukumomi - American Microsoft. Ya halatta Rasha kwafi, wanda sauti kamar "Word shirin."

Ya zuwa yanzu saki da dama versions na software. The ayyuka na kowane daga gare su ne daban-daban, amma ainihin (kuma mafi bukaci a yi) aikin yi da MS Word, a ko ta wani hanya gyara - Tsarin rubutu, ajiye shi zuwa fayil kuma software (idan ya cancanta) ta daidai fitarwa zuwa firintar.

Microsoft Word: damar

"Word shirin" shi ne iya yi mai girma yawan ayyukan. wato:

- tsara haruffa da kuma sakin layi (selection na so font size da kuma asali halayen - gaggauta yanda rubutu m, Italic, line jerawa, da dai sauransu ...)

- kisan waje shafukan da siffan (launi aiki da juna a bango, ƙara graphics, da hotuna, da dai sauransu ...)

- ƙara rubutu rakiyar abubuwa (Tables, zane-zane, gumaka, da sauransu.).

Koyon yadda za su yi amfani da Kalmar ta sosai sauki. Mutane da yawa daga cikin shirin iko da ilhama. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura shi ne cewa Microsoft, wanda saki Word, ya bayar ya yanke shawara tare da cikakken taimako tsarin, koma zuwa mai amfani iya, ta hanyar latsa keyboard F1.

Popular aikace-aikace: Microsoft Excel

Wani misali na wani m aikace-aikace software - Microsoft Excel (a Rasha - "Excel shirin"). Ta specialization - lissafi amfani da wani lissafi. Wannan irin yanke shawara shi ne sauƙin yin aiki tare da lambobin.

Duk da cewa shirin yana dauke su a sana'a, koyi ainihin dabaru na aiki tare da shi iya ko da novice masu amfani (da kuma dalilin da ya sa ta ta zama duniya shahara).

Microsoft Excel: damar

A mafi sauki aiki to Excel - ne nuni na rubutu da kuma lambobin a Tables. The aiki filin na shirin, a gaskiya, kama babban adadin Kwayoyin, kowanne daga abin da zai iya zama wani abu rubuta. A mafi rikitarwa hanya - mãkirci, gabatarwar dabarbari. Ayyuka da za su bukatar horo - shirye-shirye da ake kira "macros" (wani irin ciki shirye-shirye), injiniya lissafin.

Mun jera mafi kowa iri da matsaloli a yi, wanda shi ne iya warware "da shirin Excel":

- ilmin lissafi lissafin amfani da lamba dabi'u a cikin tebur Kwayoyin (Bugu da kari, subtraction, multiplication, division, kafa progressions, da dai sauransu ...).

- da yin amfani da dabarbari to sanya aiki da kai da lissafi.

- shiri na rahotanni, siffofin, questionnaires da sauran takardun, wanda su ne mafi dadi look a cikin nau'i na alluna.

- charting, na gani na statistics da taimakon zane-zane.

Kamar yadda a cikin hali na Kalma, Excel amfani ne mai sauqi ka koya a kan nasu. sun fi mayar da Shirin Masarrafan da ilhama. Wannan irin software ne ma bayar da cikakken taimako tsarin (wanda zai iya zama da amfani ba kawai ga novice mai amfani, amma kuma masu sana'a).

Popular aikace-aikace: Adobe Photoshop

Sau da yawa masu amfani da bukatar taso a nishadantarwa mai ban sha'awa shirin - "Photoshop". Domin Windows 7, 8, ko XP ta wanzu a mai yawa versions. Hukumance, wannan shirin ne ake kira Adobe Photoshop. Yana ne aka yi nufi ga zane (irin yanke shawara da ake kira "graphics edita"). Ji dadin shi, kamar yadda a cikin hali na Kalma da kuma Excel, yadda novice masu amfani da kuma kwararru: designers, yanar gizo developers, halittawa daga cikin majigin yara.

Photoshop tana nufin shirye-shirye, tafiyar matakai hoton a cikin abin da ake kira "scanning" Yanayin. Abin da ake nufi? Za mu iya cewa category na "raster" rike da mafiya yawa kwamfuta graphics. Wannan sigar image kunshi babban adadin kananan dige (tuna, a matsayin hoto a kan TV allo da kuma gina - da manufa ne guda). Da taimakon "raster" graphic Editocin iya ƙirƙirar cikakken wani hoto abubuwa. Yana yiwuwa a zana wani hoto na wani mutum, da gidan, da wuri mai faɗi - kome. Bugu da kari to "raster" graphics akwai "vector." Images za a iya dogara ne a kan shi, bi da bi, don gina kawai a kan shaci shar'anta a cikin shirin.

Adobe Photoshop: damar

Da taimakon Photoshop, ba za ka iya kawai haifar da images, amma kuma ya yi canje-canje a cikin riga ya gama. Saboda haka kalmar "otfotoshopit". Za ka iya, misali, gyara abubuwa a cikin photo, wani abu to shi pririsovyvat, retouch - da yawa kwarewa da Photoshop iya duk samu sosai plausible.

Adobe Photoshop aiki tare da mafi hoto fayil Formats saboda kasancewar wani babban sa na converters for daban-daban Formats. Recent maida zana bayanai na tsarin fayil a yadda editan Adobe Photoshop format a lokacin da karanta daga fayil. Lokacin rubuta da fayil converters yi kishiya canji.

Mene ne mafi rare iri ma'amaloli da cewa an sanya a Photoshop? Wadannan sun hada da wadannan:

- samar da sabon graphics lokacin amfani da mai rumfa goga, pencils, shugabanni, siffofi yin amfani da launi daban-daban;

- Canja size of hotuna ko mutum abubuwa.

- daidaituwa da abinda ke ciki na biyu daban-daban images.

- Canja launi daga cikin image ko da sassa.

- da amfani da na gani effects saboda da gina-in shirin shaci da kuma lissafi mai tsauri.

- Sake Kama daga images (gani, juyawa, da dai sauransu ...).

Kamar yadda a cikin hali na Kalma da kuma Excel, Photoshop controls ne sauki koyi lamirinsu. Saboda haka cewa ko da an saba amfani za su iya zana wani abu. Mutane da yawa versions na shirin suna sanye take da taimakon tsarin a Rasha, wanda a daki-daki, ya bayyana yadda za a yi aiki tare da Photoshop.

Popular iri software aikace-aikace: bincike

Browser - wani shirin ta hanyar abin da masu amfani da samun damar Intanit, karanta labarai daga yanar, rubuta saƙonni a social networks, watch videos - a takaice, yi dukan abin da yake halayyar wani "mai rumfa sarari". Mafi mashahuri a duniya na da irin wannan mafita - Internet Explorer, Opera, Google Chrome. Akwai manya-manyan yawan su analogs da subtypes. A ayyuka na kowane daga gare su, in general, guda. Mafi yawan masu amfani fi son amfani da daya ko wani bisa kayadadden kima na ingancin zane software da kuma saukaka wa wuri na controls a kan su.

Ka'idar aiki dogara ne a kan amincewa da bincike hypertext aiki na bada harshe (kira HTML) da kuma mayar da shi a cikin m ga mai amfani na gani abubuwa - rubutu, hotuna, Tables, video, animation, sadarwa siffofin, da dai sauransu ...

Bincike: Opportunities

Shirya a alamu irin wannan software ne mai sauqi qwarai. Babban abubuwa na browser - kirtani tare da adireshin shafin da kuma babban filin (kira sau da yawa "web dubawa", wanda nuna bayanai daga Internet The babban alama irin wannan shirin -. Yana da wani ke tsakiya tsakanin mai amfani da PC da kuma sauran mutanen da suke a cikin rumfa sarari Ina nufin ,. yin amfani da wani browser (ko kuma wajen, "web dubawa") mutane, a gaskiya, na iya sadarwa ta aika da wani abu ta hanyar da kanka (fayilolin rubutu) da kuma samun wani abu daga wasu. ne Internet ya kafin da sabuwar dabara na browser? warai da gaske. gaskiyar cewa "web inte fuska "- yana da tarihi ba na farko Hanyar sadarwa a tsakanin masu amfani Yana zo bayan shekaru na kasa da kasa harmonization na nagartacce, wanda ya kamata a yi musayar." rumfa "bayani.

Software: free kuma biya

Daya daga cikin sharudda ga rarrabuwa na software - da kudin. Akwai sassa uku na mafita. Na farko, shi ne gaba daya free software. Abu na biyu, akwai kasuwanci. Idan mai amfani na son yin amfani da wannan software, shi dole ne ya biya don ta kafuwa. Abu na uku, akwai wani tsaka-tsaki irin software - Shareware. Menene da halaye? A general, da hannu na irin wannan software ne: ba ka bukatar ka biya ga shigarwa, amma bayan ta amfani da shirin don wani lokaci (misali, wata), za ka bukatar ka canja wurin kudi don ci gaba da yin amfani da developer.

Mene ne "girgije"?

A cikin 'yan shekaru, tsiwirwirinsu mai girma shahararsa, da kalmar "girgije sarrafa kwamfuta". Menene wannan sabon abu? "Cloud Technology" - an, idan ka yi magana a bayyana harshe, da aikace-aikace software da cewa za a iya gudu daga a browser (daidai da, shi ne ba shigar a kan wani PC). Ga wani misali. Microsoft Word, wanda muka ambata a sama, aka gudanar da biyu-danna kan icon a kan tebur. Amma akwai guda bayani amma "girgije": da amfani da software na irin wannan ne da za'ayi ta hanyar yanar gizo browser dubawa. Yawanci, fayiloli tare da mai amfani aiki tare da taimako na irin wannan software, kuma an adana online.

A yawa na shirye-shirye akwai yanzu a cikin "girgije" format. Akwai ma versions na Tsarukan aiki da irin wannan. Saboda haka muna iya cewa "girgije" format - shi ne ba kawai crafts, amma kuma da tsarin software. A shahararsa ta wannan mafita a yau ake alaka da sauri sauri na Internet (a 'yan shekaru da suka wuce wannan ba), da kuma mai amfani da lokaci tanadi - ba za mu shigar wani abu a kan PC. Af, da software update girgije irin ne mai zaman kanta da mai amfani. Shi ne kuma m.

Wa tasowa software?

Akwai dukan ga tattalin arziki, wanda yana da za'ayi a cikin tsarin na software ci gaba - shirye-shirye. Yana da ma'aikata mutane tare da daban-daban profiles na ilimi. Amma da suka raba na kowa alama - ilimi na shirye-shirye da harsuna. Amfani da daya ko fiye daga gare su, mutumin ya rubuta. shirye-shirye da harshen - mai sa na dokokin da aka gane da hardware aka gyara daga cikin kwamfuta. Rubuce-rubuce gina a wasu hanya, "da magana" Mutumin da ya halitta software da yake bayar da "domin" processor, ko, ka ce, a PC faifai, don samar da wani irin aiki a kan fayil. Harsuna, da taimakon wanda ci gaban da software, daruruwan. Daga m - C ( "C"), Java, Pascal, Ruby-on-reluwe.

Yana da wuya a koya yadda za ka ƙirƙiri software?

Ba a duk. A developer na shirin zai iya zama cikakken kowa mutum. Halittar software - wannan ba wani haramta aiki. Mutane da yawa nasara, 'yan kasuwa fara da cewa da software da aka ɓullo da. Misalan irin wadannan mutane - Bill Geyts, Linux Torvalds, Evgeny Kaspersky. Don karatu harsuna domin samar da software za a iya dogara ne a kan wani babban adadin na samuwa adabi, video Koyawa, ko ta ziyartar musamman darussa. Software Development - daya daga cikin gaggawa girma masana'antu, da kuma ci gaban da da shahararsa, yafi hade tare da general kasancewa.