Standard kuma mafi kyau duka masu girma dabam na saukarwa: Gost, fasali da kuma shawarwari

Matakala ciki da kuma na waje suna a kusan kowane gida. Tattara irin Tsarin aza tare da pre-Shirin zanen. A tasowa zane, yana da muhimmanci a bi da dukan dokokin da aka shimfiɗa ta SNIP da Gost. A musamman shi shafi irin wannan tsarin kashi ladders, kamar yadda saukarwa. Sun kasance musamman robust ne kuma abin dogara. Zaži girman da matãkalai matakai tsani Maris da kuma bude ya zama kamar su matsa su zama dadi. Bugu da kari, su tsarin dole ne ko da da kuma yadda hadari a matsayin yiwu.

iri ladders

A cikin farfajiya da kuma a ciki na gidaje za a iya shigar hoisting constructions wadannan iri:

• Jerin gwanon. Wannan shi ne mafi kowa irin mataki. Stage su ne kullum saka a kan kosour ko kirtani. Shawagi iya zama sauki ko swivel. Idan ba shi yiwuwa kushin tsari saboda rashin sarari wadannan constructions kada mai lankwasa ta amfani da winders.
• Dunƙule. Wannan wani zaɓi ya dubi mafi zamani cruise da kuma daukan up yawa ƙasa da sararin samaniya. Shigar karkace staircases iya zama a wani bangare na gidan, ko yadi, da kuma ba kawai a kan bango. Samar da suka yawanci zagaye. Matakai irin ladders trapezoidal kuma a haɗe zuwa tsakiyar iyakacin duniya. Wani lokaci da gidaje da shirayuna ma shigar rectangular karkace staircases. A wannan yanayin, a kayayyaki sun hada da biyu gammaye. Abin takaici, wannan version bambanta da tsauraran matakan, sabili da haka da wuya amfani.
• Tsaye. Wannan irin mataki da aka yawanci amfani da wata wuta, domin dagawa a unheated ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi ko zuriya a cikin cellar. Wadannan ladders ne kawai biyu tana goyan bayan, tsakanin wanda da cushe mashaya. Akwai biyu main iri su: ladders kuma gyarawa. Sau da yawa, wadannan nadawa ladders yi.

Jerin gwanon Rotary ladders ne na kwata (90 digiri) da kuma poluoborotnymi (180 digiri). Dunƙule zane, a gaskiya, shi ne su irin. Juyawa na irin ladders yi a 180 c. Next, dubi abin a duk wadannan lokuta na iya zama da girman da matakai. Standard ma'anar ainihin Figures, yafi ga staircases na Apartment gine-gine. A musamman, a mafi yawan lokuta, don zaɓar mafi kyau duka (amma ba bayan bukatun na SNIP), nisa, tsawon, zurfin da tsawo.

janar bukatun

Lokacin tattaro matakala na wani irin kamata cika da irin wannan janar sharudda:

• Yawan saukarwa a daya Maris kada wuce 17 raka'a. M yawan iya zama wani abu. Amma yawanci a cikin matakala akwai akalla 3 matakai. ne safest zanga tare da wani m yawan su.
• A tsawo daga cikin matakai na bene dole ne su daidaita. A bit sama da sauran iya zama wani na farko.
• Batun mataki ne ma babban yi ba a yarda. In ba haka ba, za up matakala wani mutum zai iya kawai tuntuɓe. Dokokin tanadi da a saki tsawon ba fiye da 30 mm.
• A nesa daga babba zuwa mataki gaban ƙofar ya kamata a kalla 1 m. A cikin wani hali ba izini yanki yana da nisa daga cikin dari.

Features na yi, saukarwa

Hada da babban kashi na wani tsãni na biyu main sassa:

• kwance goyon bayan tattake.
• tsaye risers.

Da nisa daga na farko da na biyu tsawo a lokacin da Shirin zanen kasance yiwuwa yin lissafi a hankali. Shi ne daga wadannan biyu Manuniya a cikin ƙasa, kuma ya dogara ne a kan dacewa da kuma aminci daga cikin Maris. Wani lokaci matakala yi ba tare da risers. Cost irin constructions ne mai rahusa, amma da suka duba kasa sosai.

A tsawon saukarwa

Matakala manyan zuwa gidan, ko a cikin dakin, bisa ga ma'aunin SNIP kamata su yi quite m. Standard mataki, wanda girma an ƙaddara da Gost da tsawon na ba kasa da 90 cm., Amma shi ne mafi kyau duka don auna 1-1.5 m. A wannan Maris hawa da sauka don tarwatsa mutane iya kage.

zurfin Maris

A ganiya nisa daga cikin matakala kai ga rai sarari, an dauke 30cm A cikin wani hali, bisa ga dokoki, wannan adadi ya kamata ba ta zama ƙasa da 25 cm (ga ginshiki - 26 cm) .. Wancan ne, da nisa daga cikin natsuwa, ya kamata a yi irin wannan cewa sauƙi daidai a gindin ya fara tasawa.

Ware wa wannan mulki ne kawai da dunƙule da kuma a tsaye tsani. Kunkuntar trapezoidal gefen matakai ya kamata a yi nisa na akalla 10 cm. A tsaye ladders, mataki ladders, da kuma musamman, ya kamata, kamar yadda haske da kuma mobile. Saboda haka, da nisa daga cikin matakai bata gudana tawurin dokoki. A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan kudi ne 5-10 cm. Ma'aikatan kashe gobara karfe constructions da kuma matakai na iya duk a yi da na wani lokacin farin ciki sanda diamita 15-20mm.

Abin da ya zama tsawo?

Wannan tsarin awo kamata la'akari da kwana na son na Maris. Standard a kan matakai na girman da mataki na kankare a high-Yunƙurin gine-gine, misali, bayar da wadannan dangantaka:

• ga kayayyaki tare da wani dan tudu da 1: 2 - 125-145 mm;
• tare da wani gangare na 1: 1.5 - 143 ko 168 mm.

A karshen wani zaɓi ne yawanci amfani ladders sauka a cikin ginshiki ko ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi daga. Da nisa daga cikin natsuwa, a cikin driveway kankare Tsarin shi ne ko da yaushe 30 cm da ginshiki da ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi matakala -. 26 cm.

A zaman kansa gidaje mataki yawanci yi tsawo na 150-200 mm. Yana da wannan fanni na halatta norms SNIP. Mafi kyau duka bambance-bambancen tsawo dogara, yafi a kan ci gaban da mutanen da suke zaune a cikin gidan, da kuma fadin na farar.

Girma na matakai: yadda za a lissafta da ganiya yi?

A Shirin zanen da matsanancin ko ciki ladders ana amfani da irin wannan dabarbari:

• A + B = 450 mm (Maris AMINCI).
• B-A = 120 mm (aminci).

"A" a cikin wannan harka - tsawo daga cikin riser, "B" - da nisa daga cikin natsuwa. Rabo bayanai abubuwa cikakken aminci da kuma AMINCI lasafta ta da dabara Maris 2A + B = 600 mm.

Girma matakai na bene a gida dogara, musamman, da kuma daga ake amfani da shi don samar da kayan. Saboda haka, misali, misali nisa na 75-275 mm jirgi tare da gradation 25 mm. Domin tattake dace abu don 250 mm da kuma 275 mm. Fadi allon, a wannan yanayin, amfani ne da bai dace ba. Domin risers suna yawanci dauka a kan abu 150, 175 ko 200 mm. A mafi yawan dace a yi la'akari da na biyu da kuma na karshe zaɓi.

A tubali tsani sau da yawa da nisa daga 250 mm. Su tsawo da kuma a mafi yawan lokuta nawa zuwa 177-178 mm. Wadannan girma an ƙaddara da girma na matakala daga cikin kayan (tsawon 250 mm, tsawo 88 mm). Lokacin da masonry yi wannan nau'in da suka saba yi tsawo na biyu tubalin. Wannan shi ne 88 kawai ninka ta 2 da kuma ƙara 1-2 cm a seams.

Domin saukarwa karfe da kuma kankare kanta tsawon zama dole sigogi, nisa da sauransu. E. m kawai kayan kudin da sauƙi na amfani.

Abin da kuma ya kamata na la'akari?

Sa'an nan abin da ya kamata da misali da mafi kyau duka size daga cikin matakai, mun sami fita. Duk da haka, a lokacin da jawo sama da mataki na aikin kamata ya yi la'akari da wani muhimmanci nuna alama. A lokacin da zabar littattafai na katako Tsarin kamata kula da ta kauri. Hakika, kwamitin shi ne ma bakin ciki shi ne ba da daraja shan zuwa mataki. In ba haka ba, zai hallara unsafe da kuma short-rayu.

A kauri daga cikin katako tattake ƙaddara da rabo 1:20 zuwa ta nisa. Yana bayar da wani isasshen kariya gefe. Wato, da mataki kwamitin fadin 250 mm kamata a yi kauri ba kasa da 12.5 mm. Domin riser iya amfani da thinner abu. Yankan hukumar a santimita m, a wannan yanayin, shi ne yawanci isa. Wani lokaci a tsaye sarari tsakanin tattake da kuma rufe kawai plywood.

Kankare matakala a karshe mataki ne yawanci fuskanci tiles. Saboda haka, a lokacin da kirga da tsawo da nisa daga cikin matakai kamata ko da yaushe la'akari da kauri daga cikin abu. A tayal, wannan adadi ne yawanci 4-9 mm. Fale-falen na halitta dutse iya samun mafi girma kauri daga 1-2 cm.

ƙarshe

Subject to yarda da dukan dokokin da aka bayyana a sama, a cikin gidan, ko kuma a cikin yadi, za ka iya tattara mafi dadi da kuma m tsani. Hakika, yin lissafi da girman da matakai - wannan shi ne kawai rabin yaƙi. Lokacin tattaro da tsani ya zama dama ga zabi da tsawo daga cikin shingen dogwaye (ba kasa da 90 cm), da hanyoyin da kayyade abubuwa (itace - kusoshi kawai) .., karkatar kwana, da dai sauransu Duk da haka, shi ne AMINCI na matakai a cikin ƙasa, kuma kayyade lafiya da kuma ta'aziyya na wannan Tsarin. Wannan yana nufin cewa a ajiye a kan abu da kuma wuce halatta sigogi na tsawon, nisa, tsawo da kuma kauri a cikin wannan yanayin ne ba shi daraja.