Ta yaya domin sanin ikon resistors. Ikon resistors a layi daya dangane

All na'urorin lantarki sun dauki resistors, su ne babban kashi. Tare da shi, canza adadin halin yanzu a cikin wutar lantarki kewaye. A labarin da ta gabatar da kaddarorin resistors, kuma su ikon lissafi hanyoyin.

ganawa resistor

Don daidaita halin yanzu resistors an yi amfani da lantarki haihuwarka. Wannan dukiya ne a tsare ta Ohm da dokar ta:

I = U / R (1)

Daga dabara (1) za a iya ganin haka a fili cewa da karami da juriya, da mafi yanzu ƙaruwa, da kuma conversely, da karami da R, da girma na yanzu. Yana da wannan dukiya na lantarki da juriya da ake amfani a lantarki da aikin injiniya. Bisa ga wannan dabara ne halin yanzu divider kewaye amfani a lantarki na'urorin.

A wannan rangadi na yanzu daga tushen ne zuwa kashi biyu inversely na gwargwado ga resistances na resistors.

Har ila yau, yanzu daidaitawa resistors amfani a cikin irin ƙarfin lantarki divider. A wannan yanayin, a sake yin amfani da Ohm ta dokar, amma a wani dan kadan daban-daban form:

U = I ∙ R (2)

Daga dabara (2) cewa ƙara da kara juriya irin ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan dukiyar da ake amfani da su gina haihuwarka ƙarfin lantarki raba kawuna.

Daga cikin zane da kuma Formula (2) da shi a fili yake cewa irin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin resistors aka rarraba a gwargwado ga resistances.

Image resistors makircinsu

Bisa ga misali resistors aka wakilta wani murabba'i mai dari da girma na 10 x 4 mm, kuma denoted da wasika R. ikon resistors a kan makirci sau da yawa ya nuna. Hoton wannan nuna alama da aka yi da kai tsaye, ko QFontDatabase dashes. Idan ikon 2 watts, nadi ake yi a Roman numerals. Wannan mafi yawa ana yi wa waya resistors. A wasu jihohin, misali a Amurka, wasu alamu ana amfani. Don sauƙaƙe gyara da kuma bincike makirci ne sau da yawa kawo sunayensu ikon resistors, nadi na wanda aka yi daidai da Gost 2.728-74.

Fasaha halaye na na'urorin

Babban halayyar da resistor - maras muhimmanci juriya R _n, wanda aka nuna a cikin zane gaba da resistor da gidaje. A sashi ne na auna daga juriya - th kilo da kuma Mega. Kerarre resistors tare da juriya daga kasarun adadi ga daruruwan ohms da megohms. Akwai da yawa resistor samar da fasaha, da kuma duk suka yi amfani ko rashin amfani. A ka'ida, babu wani fasaha da zai ba da damar daidai nuna resistor tare da wani qaddara juriya darajar.

A na biyu muhimmanci halayyar ne deflection juriya. An auna a% na maras iyaka R. Akwai misali impedance karkacewa: ± 20, ± 10, ± 5, ± 2, ± 1%, da kuma a kan har zuwa wani darajar ± 0.001%.

Wani muhimmin halayyar ne da ikon resistors. A aikin da suke mai tsanani da na yanzu wucewa ta hanyar su. Idan ikon masha'a wuce canja darajar, sa'an nan da na'urar ta kasa.

Tare da dumama resistors canza da juriya, don haka ga na'urorin da ke aiki a wani m zazzabi range, an gabatar da wani halayyar - da yawan zafin jiki coefficient na juriya. An auna a ppm / ° C, Ina nufin 10 ^-6 R _n / ° C (milyan bangare na R _n ne 1 ° C).

Serial dangane da resistors

A resistors za a iya haɗa a uku hanyoyi daban-daban: serial, a layi daya da kuma gauraye. Tare da jerin dangane da halin yanzu alternately gudanar ta hanyar duk resistors.

Tare da wannan dangane da halin yanzu a kowane batu a kewaye ne guda, shi za a iya bayyana ta Ohm ta dokar. A impedance kewaye a wannan harka shi ne Naira Miliyan Xari resistances:

R = + 100 + 200 51 + 39 = 390 ohms.

I = U / R = 100/390 = 0.256 A.

Yanzu muna iya sanin ikon resistors a jerin connection, shi da aka lasafta ta da dabara:

P = I ² ∙ R = 0,256 ² 390 ∙ = 25,55 watts.

Hakazalika, sauran iya aiki ne m da resistors:

P ₁ = I ₁ ² ∙ R ² = ^0,256 = ^13,11 ∙ 200 W;

P ₂ = Na ² ∙ R ₂ = 0.256 ² ∙ 100 W = 6,55;

₃ P = I ² ∙ R ₃ = _0.256 ² ∙ 51 = 3.34 W;

P ₄ = Na ² ∙ R ₄ = 0.256 ∙ ² 39 = 2.55 watts.

Idan ka ƙara ikon resistors, ka samu cikakken P:

P = 13,11 + 6,55 + 3,34 + 2,55 = 25,55 watts.

A layi daya dangane da resistors

A farkon da layi daya dangane da duk resistors da alaka da wannan kewaye kumburi, da kuma iyakar - zuwa wani. Idan aka haɗa halin yanzu rassan da gudana ta hanyar kowane na'urar. The adadin halin yanzu bisa ga Ohm ta shari'a, shi ne inversely na gwargwado ga resistances da irin ƙarfin lantarki a duk guda resistors.

Kafin ka sami halin yanzu, shi wajibi ne yin lissafi da duka watsin da resistors na sanannun dabara:

1 / R = 1 / R ₁ + 1 / R ₂ + 1 / R ₃ + 1 / R _{= 1/200 + 4 1/} 100 + 1/51 + 1/39 = 0.005 + 0.01 + 0.0196 + 0.0256 0.06024 = 1 / Ohm.

Resistance - da kishiya na watsin:

R = 1 / 0,06024 = 16,6 ohms.

Amfani Ohm dokar sami halin yanzu ta hanyar da source:

I = U / R = 100 ∙ 0,06024 = 6,024 A.

Sanin halin yanzu ta hanyar tushen ikon suna da alaka a layi daya to resistors na dabara:

P = I ² ∙ R = 6,024 ² ∙ 16,6 = 602,3 Watt.

A cewar Ohm da dokar ta na yanzu ta hanyar da resistor da aka lasafta:

I ₁ = U / R ₁ = _100/200 = _0,5 A;

Na ₂ = U / R ₂ = _100/100 = 1 A;

₃ I = U / R ₁ = _100/51 = _1,96 A;

I ₁ = U / R ₁ = _100/39 = _2,56 A.

Dan kadan daban-daban dabara iya lissafta ikon resistors a layi daya dangane:

P ₁ = U ² / R ^₁ = 100 _2/200 = 50 W;

P ₂ = U ² / R ^₂ = 100 ^_2/100 = 100 W;

P ₃ = U ² / R ^₃ = 100 _2/51 = _195,9 W;

₄ P = U ² / R ^₄ = 100 _2/39 = _256,4 watts.

Idan duk wannan ƙara sama, ka sa dukan ikon resistors:

P = P ₁ + P ₂ + P ₃ + P _{= 50 + 4 100 + 195.9 +} 256.4 = 602.3 watts.

gauraye fili

Students gauraye fili resistors sun dauki bi da bi, kuma lokaci daya a layi daya connection. Wannan makirci ne da sauki maida, ya maye gurbin layi daya dangane da wani resistor a jerin. Don sauya wannan farko juriya R ₂ da R ₆ a su na kowa R _2.6, ta amfani da dabara a kasa:

R _2,6 = R ₂ ∙ R ₆ / R ₂ + R _6.

Hakazalika maye gurbinsu biyu a layi daya resistors R _{4, 5 R,} R wani _4.5:

R _4,5 = R ₄ ∙ R ₅ / R ₄ + R _5.

A sakamakon haka ne wani sabon, mafi sauki kewaye. Dukansu makircinsu aka nuna a kasa.

Ikon resistors a Students gauraye fili ayyana ta da dabara:

P = U ∙ I.

Don lissafa da wannan dabara ne na farko ƙarfin lantarki a fadin kowane resistor da girma na yanzu therethrough. Za ka iya yi amfani da wata hanya domin sanin ikon resistors. Domin wannan dabara da ake amfani da:

P = U ∙ Na = (I ∙ R) ∙ Na = I ² ∙ R.

Idan ka san kawai ƙarfin lantarki a fadin resistor, sa'an nan kuma amfani da wani daban-daban dabara:

P = U ∙ Na = U ∙ (U / R) = U ² / R.

All uku dabarbari sukan yi amfani da a yi.

Lissafin lokuttan kewaye sigogi

Lissafin lokuttan kewaye sigogi ne a sami unknown igiyoyin da voltages a duk da rassan da kewaye rabo. Tare da wannan bayanai, za mu iya lissafta da ikon kowane resistor ne kunshe a cikin kewaye. Simple lissafi hanyoyin da aka nuna a sama, a yi da halin da ake ciki shi ne mafi rikitarwa.

A real haihuwarka kowa dangane da resistors star da kuma yankin Neja Delta, wanda halitta babba matsaloli a lissafin. Domin simplifying irin haihuwarka canji hanyoyin Star alwatika da aka ɓullo da, da kuma mataimakin versa. Wannan hanya da aka kwatanta a cikin zane a kasa:

A farko makirci yana a cikin abun da ke ciki na wani star haɗa zuwa raka'a 0-1-3. K kumburi 1 an haɗa wani resistor R1, da kumburi 3 - R3, da kuma kumburi 0 - R5. A na biyu kewaye da alaka da nodes 1-3-0 alwatika resistors. Don da kumburi 1 alaka resistors R1-0 da R1-3, to kumburi 3 - R1-3 da R3-0, kuma zuwa kumburi 0 - R3-0 da R1-0. Wadannan biyu makircinsu ne Mafi m.

Domin miƙa mulki daga farko rangadi zuwa na biyu alwatika aka lasafta resistors:

R1-0 = R1 + R5 + R1 ∙ R5 / R3.

R1-3 = R1 + R3 + R1 ∙ R3 / R5.

R3-0 = R3 + R5 + R3 ∙ R5 / R1.

Bugu da ari rikirkida an rage zuwa lissafi na layi daya da kuma jerin-da alaka resistors. Lokacin da impedance na kewaye da aka samu, same ta Ohm da dokar ta na yanzu ta hanyar Madogararsa. Amfani da wannan dokar, shi ne mai sauki gano igiyoyin a dukan rassan.

Ta yaya domin sanin ikon da resistor bayan gano duk igiyoyin? A saboda wannan dalili, da sanannun dabara: P = I ² ∙ R, da ake ji, sami ƙãruwa ga kowane daga ta juriya.

Gwajin tabbatar da dalilin da halaye na kewaye abubuwa

da ake bukata a tattara qaddara makirci na real bangaren ga gwaji tabbatar da dalilin da so halaye na abubuwa. Bayan haka, tare da taimakon na'urar kayan yi dukan zama dole ma'aunai. Wannan hanya ne mai cin lokaci kuma tsada. Developers na lantarki da kuma na'urorin lantarki amfani da wannan manufa simulators. Tare da su aka sanya dukan zama dole lissafin, da kuma kera da hali na kewaye abubuwa a yanayi daban-daban. Kawai bayan wannan da yake faruwa a samfur na wani fasaha na'urar. Daya daga cikin wadannan kowa shirye-shirye ne mai iko kwaikwaiyo na Multisim 14.0 System National Instruments kamfanin.

Ta yaya domin sanin ikon resistors tare da wannan shirin? Wannan za a iya yi a hanyoyi biyu. Na farko hanya - shi ne don auna halin yanzu da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki da voltmeter da ammeter. Halitta da sakamakon ma'aunai, da ake bukata ikon da aka samu.

Daga wannan rangadi kayyade juriya R3 ikon:

P ₃ = U ∙ Na = 1.032 ∙ 0,02 = 0,02064 W = 20,6 MW.

Na biyu Hanyar - a kai tsaye ji daga ikon yin amfani da ikon mita.

Daga wannan kewaye da shi ya nuna cewa da juriya R3 ne daidai da ikon P ₃ = 20.8 MW. The, sãɓã wa jũnamai saboda kurakurai a cikin na farko hanya mafi. Hakazalika, ikon sauran abubuwa suna m.