Tarihi Kazan Khanate

Da samuwar na Kazan Khanate ya fara a 1438 a lokacin da karshe ya barke Zolotaya Orda. Sai ya zama da babban birnin kasar na Kazan, da farko m - Ulug-Mohammed. A ƙasa na Khanate miƙa daga Suratu River zuwa Kogin Belaya kuma Kama yankin daga Upper da Samara Bend.

Kazan Khanate kunshi hudu main gundumomi-darug: Alat, Arsk, Galitsky da Zyureyskogo. Daga darug kasaftawa ulus, a kowanne daga abin da kunshi da dama ƙauyuka. A cikin ƙasa na khanate rayu Turkic-magana da Finno-Ugric al'ummai. The yawan kira kanta Kazanly. Addininsu ya Musulunci.

A mafi daraja kadarori al'ada dauke nobility da kuma limaman. A mafi muhimmanci mutum daga cikinsu sun kasance wani ɓangare na wani guda dalĩli - Divan. By da soja aji bi Oglala da Cossacks. Ogle ne kwamandan sojan doki da sojoji da kuma Cossacks - talakawa sojoji.

Domin unprivileged kadarori mallakar 'yan kasuwa, manoma,' yan sana'a da kuma ma'aikata na da wani farar hula. Suka bukata biya wani haraji: haraji (10% na kudaden shiga), da kabila (sadãkõkinsu), kulush, Salyga, Bach, kultyka ,, kharaj kitse (karkara haraji) kharaj haradzhat (cinikayya haraji), susun (abinci haraji), tyutynsyany (haraji kowane tube) gulyufe (fodder), jira.

A ƙasashe na Kazan Khanate wadãta serfdom da kuma bauta. Serfs (Kishi) yi aiki ga gonaki. Similar aikin da aka za'ayi da bayi-fursunoni. Bayan shekaru 6 da wani bawa samu 'yanci, amma har yanzu ba shi da hakkin ya fita daga kasar.

A matsayi na shugaban kasa da aka kira "han-Chingizid". Barorinsa, da sarakuna, da kuma umarni ne sojojin. Sau da yawa Khan Chingizid kawai ƙa'ida mulki kasar, amma a gaskiya ya ya kaucewa dogara a kan gado mai matasai. Mukamai a Divan shige, kuma shi ne mai rayuwa. A lalura gudanar Kurultai, wanda ya samu halartar kawai da uku mafi muhimmanci segments na yawan: sojojin, da limaman Kirista da kuma manoma.

Mazauna Kazakh Khanate, hatsin rai, da sha'ir, da tsarin da hatsi. Kamar yadda farauta da aka ɓullo da beekeeping, kama kifi, beekeeping, Tanning.

Na daidaita muhimmancin kasance da cinikayya. External ya fi ci gaba fiye da ciki, misali, a Kazan Khanate da cinikayya tare da kasar Rasha, Farisa da Turkestan. A wuri na musamman a jihar tattalin arzikin da cinikin bayi. Bayi yawanci yi yawa fursunoni.

A Kazan Khanate povsmestno mamaye Musulunci. Limaman jagorancin Seid, wanda yake kai tsaye daga zuriyar Annabi Muhammadu. Har ila yau clerical jam'iyyun ne malamai, limamai, mullahs, Danishmend, dervishes, kuma Haji Hafiz. Wanin Musulunci a Khanate aka rarraba masu zumunci zo daga Turkestan.

Babban kuma mafi yawa irin dakarun na Kazan Khanate wani m sojojin doki. Dakaru da manyan bindigogi sun ma ba, amma sun kasance 'yan da kuma gwada da bai isa a kula idan aka kwatanta da sojojin doki.

Tun da m yaki na Kazan Khanate sojojin ba manyan isa, Kazan dabara kasance daga mai tsaron gida yaki, lokaci-lokaci kai hari a yankin, mallakar da Rasha sarakuna.

A 1467 sojojin Rasha shirya wani yaƙi gāba da Khanate na Kazan da manufar a saka a kan gadon sarautar wani mutum da aminci ga Moscow sarauta. Sa'an nan a cikin 80s na 15th karni gwamnatin Rasha ya kai a kai ta shãmakace a gwagwarmayar kursiyin da Khanate. A sakamakon wannan arangama da aka kama da Khanate na Kazan a 1487 da Moscow sojojin da zama cikin kursiyin Kazan Moscow m Khan Mohammed Emin. A 1552, Ivan IV sojojin kutsa Kazan, wanda ke haifar a cikin annexation na Kazan Khanate zuwa Moscow sarauta. Bayan wannan taron da Kazan Khanate matsayin mai zaman kanta a jihar daina wanzuwa.