Tattalin arzikin Norway: general halaye

Arewa Kasar Norway aka sani na da babban misali na rai. A kasar ne mun gwada da sauki fuskantar rikicin kudi na duniya da kuma tattalin arzikin nuna kwanciyar hankali da kuma kyau kuzarin kawo cikas. A Yaren mutanen Norway tattalin arziki ne daban-daban daga sauran kasashen Turai? Mun gaya game da peculiarities na Norwegian tattalin arziki, da tsarin da kuma al'amurra.

Labarin kasa na Norway

Norway ta tattalin arziki ne a hankali saboda da Gwargwadon wuri na ƙasar. A jihar aka located a yammacin rabo daga Scandinavian Larabawa a arewacin Turai. Yana dogara ne a kan tekuna cewa wanke. Bakinta kasar ne 25 kilomita dubu. Norway yana da damar zuwa uku tekuna: da Barents, Norwegian da Arewa. A kasar da iyaka tare da Sweden, Finland da kuma Rasha. The girma na ƙasar da aka located a kan babban yankin, amma shi kuma samar da wata babbar ƙasa (50,000) tsibirin sarkar, wasu daga cikinsu inda ba wanda yake zaune. A bakinta Norway ne indented ta picturesque fjords. The taimako na babban bangare na kasar ne mafi yawa duwatsu. Daga arewa zuwa kudu, ta lullube wani dutse range, wanda wani lokacin jũyar da dagagge plateaus da kuma zurfin kwaruruka rufe m gandun daji. Arewacin kasar tsunduma a cikin Arctic tundra. A kudu da kuma a cikin cibiyar tudu m ga aikin noma. A kasar ne sosai arziki a cikin ruwa tare, akwai game da 150 dubu tabkuna da kuma da yawa koguna, da most of su ne Glomma. Norway ne ba mai arziki a cikin daban-daban ma'adanai, amma yana da muhimmanci reserves na gas, da man fetur, da dama ores, jan, gubar.

Sauyin yanayi da kuma yanayi

Norway ne a cikin sashi na rinjayar da dumi Gulf Stream, kuma shi ya sa da na gida sauyin yanayi ne milder fiye da abin da na zama a kan wannan latitud kamar yadda Alaska da kuma Siberia matsananci. Amma duk da haka kasar ta sauyin yanayi ne ba musamman dadi ga rayuwa. A yammacin ɓangare na kasar aka mamaye dumi igiyoyin, kuma akwai mulki a temperate Maritime sauyin yanayi tare da m winters da dumi lokacin bazaar ba dade. A nan, da babban adadin hazo da dama a kowace shekara. A watan Yuli-Agusta a nan iska ne mai tsanani zuwa 18 digiri Celsius, da kuma hunturu ba ya fada a kasa biyu digiri Celsius. A tsakiyar ɓangare nasa ne da temperate nahiyar sauyin yanayi tare da sanyi winters da short-rayu dumi, amma ba zafi lokacin bazaar. A cikin hunturu, akwai wani talakawan zafin jiki na 10 digiri Celsius, yayin da a lokacin rani da iska shi ne mai tsanani zuwa 15 digiri Celsius. Matsananci arewa na kasar halin da sub-Arctic sauyin yanayi tare da dogon, matsananci winters da kuma gajeren sanyi lokacin bazaar. A cikin hunturu, da talakawan ma'aunin zafi da sanyio nuna debe 20 digiri, kuma a lokacin rani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio yakan zuwa matakin na 10 digiri Celsius. A Arewa, akwai yanayi mamaki - Arewa Lights.

A general, Norway da tattalin arziki za su iya taƙaice a iya bayyana a matsayin tsabtace muhalli. Ga shi a haɗe mai da hankali ga adana ruwan tekun Atlantika yanayi. Duk da yake kiwon kifi da kuma man sa wasu cutar da yanayi, da kuma tare da shi yayin da Norway ba zai iya rike. Duk da haka, yana da matukar tsabta iska da kuma ruwa, da kuma masana'antu Enterprises aiki a high aminci nagartacce, wanda suna daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. A ci gaba da yawon shakatawa da kwarara ma wakiltar wani barazana ga kasar yanayi da kuma wannan matsalar ya kuma ba a warware.

A tarihin ci gaban tattalin arziki

Har 9th karni Norway ya kasa na nasara. Viking firgita dukan Turai, kai har zuwa tekun na Turkey. Babban samun kudin shiga na mazauna kasar kunshi a levying haraji daga ci da yaki asashe. A 9-11 ƙarni sararin ƙasar mallakar da Norwegian sarki, suka tafi da hanyar da dokokin sake fasalin dokokin, ga yankin sau da yawa kokarin infiltrate Kristanci, akwai wani gwagwarmaya tsakanin bangarori daban-daban faruwa tashin hankali na mutane. A tattalin arzikin yana fuskantar munanan canje-canje. Ƙasa suna kallafa maka, ana phased fita, suka zama dole, sabon siffofin management. A 1184, ya zo iko wani tsohon firist Sverrir, shi ke hulda da wani iko duka da limaman da aristocracy, kuma ya gabatar da sabon ka'idojin zama na jihar - demokra] iyya. A na gaba 'yan ƙarnõni na wadanada aka tsunduma a karkashin shugabancin tsakiya na kasar da kuma shiri na siyasa jayayya. A karshen 13th karni Norway da manyan crises a aikin noma, wanda ake dangantawa da annoba da annoba. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani karfi weakening na jihar. Daga 14th karni, Norway ne fuskantar wani tsawon lokaci dangane da Scandinavian kasashen. Yana iya ba da kyau tasiri a kan tattalin arziki. A kasar aka ƙara zama wani gefe kasar tare da mai rauni tattalin arziki. A cikin tsakiyar karni na 17th, kasar tana fuskantar wani tsanani tattalin arziki Take-kashe, saboda auka daga cikin Hanseatic League. Turai ta fara rayayye amfani da Norwegian raw kayan: itace, tama jiragen ruwa. Ya zo da m girma da masana'antu. Amma kasar zauna kashi na Sweden. A farkon karni na 19th a karkashin jagorancin Norway Kirista Friedrich iya kare su dama ga 'yancin kai. Amma ba ga tsawo. Sweden ba ya so ya bar wadannan yankuna. A dukan karni na 19th kasance mai gwagwarmayar kare hakkin na Norwegian mutane ta mallaka gwamnati da kuma dokokin. A a layi daya, da girma da masana'antu samar, wanda ya zama wani dandamali ga zargin wani m aji, wanda bai so a zama karkashin iko da Sweden. A 1905, kasar ta gudanar ya rabu da rinjayar Sweden, ya zo da iko, da Danish yarima. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, jihar da ya rage tsaka tsaki, shi damar Norway zuwa muhimmanci inganta yi na tattalin arziki a kasar. Amma tattalin arziki na duniya rikicin na marigayi 20 da kuma farkon 30s ba su kubuta kasar. A farkon yakin duniya na II, Norway ta yanke shawarar sake zama tsaka tsaki, amma Jamus ba a kula da shi da kuma kai a kan kasar. A postwar shekaru sun jihar zama sabon tattalin arziki. A nan, fiye da a sauran kasashen Turai, nema hanyoyin da adalcin raba samun kudin shiga. A wannan lokaci, wani janar bayanin irin Norwegian tattalin arzikin iya bayyana a cikin kalmomi biyu: ãdalci, kuma dimokuradiyya. Kasar sau biyu ki shiga cikin kungiyar kasashen Turai, ko da yake da goyon bayan tafiyar matakai na hadewa da kuma Turai labarinka Yarjejeniyar.

The yawan Norway

Yawan mutane a kasar kadan fiye da miliyan 5. The yawan yawa na kawai 16 mutane da murabba'in kilomita. km. Babban yawan mutane, an fi mai da hankali a gabashin kasar, densely lugar bakin teku yanki kusa da Oslo, kazalika a kudu da kuma yammacin kasar. A arewacin da kuma tsakiyar ɓangare na kusan komai, kuma tsibiran ne inda ba wanda yake zaune da kuma gaba daya. Norway ta tattalin arzikin yau samar da high aiki. Game da 75% na yawan samun aiki. 88% na yawan da mafi girma ilimi da matsaloli tare da aikin yi, da shi ne mafi kyau nuna alama a Turai. Wannan ya nuna cewa tattalin arzikin ɓullo da a very high matakin. A high quality na rayuwa da kuma kara da duration na ce Norwegians rai, shi ne wani talakawan of 82 shekaru.

siyasa Structure

Norway a cikin tsarin siyasa ne mai kundin tsarin daular mulkinsu. Shugaban zartarwa reshe na gwamnati da kuma na aikin shugaban kasa ne sarki. A majalisar dokoki ne alhakin wani unicameral majalisar dokokin kasar. King ne ƙa'ida a fairly dogon jerin nauyi da kuma yancin. Ya nada da kuma watsi da Firayim Ministan, bisa ga dokokin, shi ne alhakin da yaki da kuma duniya, a karkashin jagorancin Kotun Koli. Amma kusan duk manyan al'amurran da suka shafi kasar ta shugabanci ke tsunduma a cikin gwamnatin da firayim ministan kasar a kai. A zartarwa reshe na da hakkin ya gudanar da jihar tsari na tattalin arzikin na Norway, yana daukan iko a kan aikin da ma'aikatan gwamnati, wanda shi ne sosai m fanni na tattalin arziki, kazalika da lura da ayyukan da masana'antun man fetur. A kasar ne zuwa kashi 20 yankunan, kira kananan hukumomi, gwamnonin suna nada ta sarautar sarkin. County hada ƙungiya. A kasar na da Multi-ƙungiya tsarin, da kuma kullum kunno kai sabon siyasa da kuma jam'iyyun neman shiga majalisar dokokin kasar. A shan kashin da cewa suna da babban yiwuwa siyasa da administrative rayuwa na kasar da hannu.

Janar halaye na tattalin arzikin na Norway

A Turai akwai kasashe da dama da suka samu nasarar shawo kan rikicin kudi da kuma samun ci gaban dama, daya daga wanda - Norway. A tattalin arzikin, ba shakka, jin da tasirin da rikicin, amma har yanzu dubi bango na sauran kasashe da kyau. A kasar ne a karo na hudu wuri a duniya a capita GDP. Yau jihar nuna matsakaici girma, wanda ake dangantawa da farko tare da kara amfani da jama'a kansu. A bit na girma fitarwa na mabukaci kaya da ya karu mabukaci aiki na gidaje. Wadannan matakai ne ba halin kyau, amma a kan bango na halin da ake ciki a kasashen Turai, da Norwegians da dalilai kyakkyawar fata. Jihar tana da suke ciyarwa kudi mai yawa da kuma} o} arin kula da sa wani babban misali na rai. Kuma shi ne zuba jari sosai a gudanar da bincike da kuma} ir} na samarwa, sunã nẽman nema ya sarrafa da tattalin arziki da kuma rage har yanzu mun gwada da babban tattalin arziki dogara a kan masana'antun man fetur. A general, Norway ta tattalin arzikin dogara ne a kan Scandinavian model na "jindadin jihar" da kuma nasarar motsi a cikin wannan shugabanci, ko da yake ba ba tare da matsaloli.

tsarin

The rinjaye tattalin arziki model a Norway ya nufi da cewa tasowa a takamaiman jeri na m sojojin. A tsarin da Norwegian tattalin arzikin nuna wani jitu daidaituwa tsakanin kasuwar sunadaran da gos.regulirovaniem. A kasar occupies wani gagarumin ɓangare na tattalin arzikin jama'a kansu. A jihar game da 3% na GDP kashe a cikin ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha. Export-daidaitacce model na tattalin arzikin take kaiwa zuwa da cewa fitar da kaya wuce shigo. 38% na GDP na kasar ya zo daga fitarwa, daga abin da fiye da rabin da dama a kan man fetur da kuma iskar gas. A gwamnati tana aiki don rage wadannan mutane da kuma nasarorin akwai, albeit kananan, a cikin shekara, yana yiwuwa ya rage nauyin fitar da kaya zuwa 0.1% na GDP.

kasar waje cinikayya da ayyukan

Norway ne rayayye hada kai da kasashe da dama cikin sharuddan musayar kaya, albarkatun kasa da kuma na zamani. Norway ta waje cinikayya da fari da ake dangantawa da kungiyar kasashen Turai, kazalika da kasar Sin da kuma wasu kasashen Asiya. A jihar shi ne mafi girma makamashi maroki a Turai. Gas da man fetur da ake cece to France, Jamus, Netherlands, Sweden, UK. Norway ya hada da sayar da kasashen waje kayan aiki, da sinadarai, da ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda kayayyakin, Textiles. Shigo cikin kasar kayayyakin haske da kuma masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci, da kayayyakin gona, da motocin. A tsarin da Norwegian tattalin arzikin dogara a kan makamashi tallace-tallace da kasashen waje, gwamnatin for baya shekaru 10 da aka fada a kan wannan sabon abu, amma aiwatar da diversification ya kasance m.

ciro masana'antu

Norway ta filayen man fetur ya fara da za a ci gaba da gwada da kwanan nan, tun shekarar 1970. A wannan lokaci da kasar shiga amincewa daga cikin mafi girma a exporters da wannan makamashi Madogararsa a duniya. A daya hannun, man - shi ne wani undoubted amfani ga kasar, shi damar jihar ba ya dogara ne a kan na waje farashin hydrocarbons. Amma da tattalin arzikin fadi a cikin aiki da samar shekara 40 a cikin karfi da dogaro da farashin volatility a kasuwar mai ta fara kai wa ga m sakamakon. Yau a duniya akwai kasashe da dama tare da daskararrun dangane da matsayi a cikin kayayyaki kasuwa, kuma daya daga cikinsu - Norway. Kansu hakar ma'adinai masana'antu asusu domin kusan rabin kasar samar. Yau, a wani rikicin a cikin masana'antun man fetur sa kasar mafi maida tsunduma a cikin ci gaban sauran sassa na tattalin arziki.

Areas na samarwa

Bugu da kari ga samar da makamashi da kuma samar da hydrocarbons, a Norway, akwai wasu manyan masana'antu. Tattalin arziki Norway, za a iya bayyana a takaice kamar yadda da na gargajiya abubuwa bidi'a. A kasar tasowa da masana'antu a wanda ya kasance a tarihi da karfi. A musamman, shi ya kasance wani karfi Shipbuilding da ci-gaba. Yau, Shipbuilding haifar game da 1% na GDP. Norwegian masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa tattara kotu ga kamfanonin safarar man fetur, da kuma ga sufurin kaya da kuma zirga-zirgar fasinja. Wani muhimmin bangare na kasar - wannan shi ne metallurgy. Norway ta tattalin arzikin ne kullum stimulates samar da ferroalloys, amma masana'antu ne a rikicin da shi ne jihar agaji. Metallurgy haifar game da 0.2% na GDP. Gandunan daji da kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda masana'antu - shi ne ma gargajiya ga Norwegian fanni na samar. Muhimman wurare na aikin Norwegians ne noma. Bugu da kari , kasar yana kokarin samar da wani m, ilmi-tushen masana'antu. Wannan shi ne ta darsuwar m sarari, kasar samar da wani bambancin kewayon aka gyara da kuma kayan aiki ga tauraron dan adam. Developing filin na fasahar kwamfuta, yi da kuma ilimi.

yawon shakatawa

Yau, da Norwegian tattalin arzikin, da masana'antu taka muhimmiyar rawa, yana rayayye tasowa wani hanya - shi ne yawon shakatawa. Wannan masana'antu kawo kadan a kan 5% na GDP da kuma samar da ayyukan yi ga 150 dubu mutane. A jihar a shekara ance daya kasar da aka gudanar cikin shekara ta wata babbar talla yakin tada wayar da kan jama'a game da siffofin yawon shakatawa hutu a Norway. Don jawo hankalin masu yawon shakatawa zuwa arewacin sassa na kasar da ke sa ya yiwu a ci gaba da more rayuwa na yankin da kuma samar da ayyukan yi ga mazauna yankin, wanda ya samu shi da wuya a sami wani aiki a cikin wannan inda ba wanda yake zaune kusurwa na jihar.

A ikon yinsa na rayuwa da kuma sabis

All raya ƙasashe masu a kan hanya don ƙara da rabo daga sabis ayyuka da kuma ayyuka a cikin tsarin samar, shi ne ba togiya da kuma Norway. Tattalin arzikin kasar aka ƙara zama wani sabis. High quality na rayuwa take kaiwa zuwa da cewa mutane a rayuwar yau da kullum an kasa tsunduma a rayuwa, bada kulawa a rahamar kwararru. Catering, tsaftacewa, gyara, yi, tabbatarwa da fasaha, ado da sabis, kiwon lafiya, ilimi da kuma dama ayyuka - wadannan sassa ne mafi alamar maharibai na ci gaba a Norway. Wadannan samarwa yankunan ba su iko da jihar da kuma zuwa iyakar har ana ci gaba da kananan kamfanoni.

aiki kasuwa

A wani kokarin kula da high quality na rayuwa da kuma motsi zuwa "janar jindadin", da Norwegian tattalin arziki, da aiki kasuwa wanda shi ne wani muhimmin kashi na shekara kara yawan jobs. Akwai musamman gwamnatin shirye-shirye da nufin halittar kananan harkokin kasuwanci da kuma sauran wuraren aiki. A daidai wannan lokaci da kasar daukan kula zuwa kamar yadda mutane da yawa sami wani ilimi, don inganta m ci gaban kasar. Norway yanzu yana da mafi ƙasƙanci a Turai, rashin aikin yi Figures (5%) da kuma ci gaba da rage su.

Tattalin arzikin a Glance

A mafi yawan 'yan bayanai a kan tattalin arziki a Norway nuna cewa shi ne ya rika, albeit sannu a hankali, girma da 2.5% a kowace shekara. GDP da capita ne dan kadan fiye da 89 000 na dalar Amurka. The kumbura kudi ne 4%, a key rate sa a 0.5% adadi. A zinariya reserves na kasar ne 36 ton. A kasa bashi - 31,2%.

inganta harkokin ci gaban

Yau, Norway ta tattalin arzikin - daya daga cikin barga a Turai. A jihar ta jajirce wajen adalci rarraba kudin shiga daga sayar da hydrocarbons da kuma bunkasa zamantakewa da Sphere kuma masana'antu. Duk da rikicin kudi a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya na Norway da kuma samun galabar ne quite kaffa. A jihar da aka yi haƙuri rage dogaro a kan farashin man, masu tasowa, m yankunan na samarwa, rike da babban misali na rai, rayayye ya sãɓa hijirarsa matsa lamba, share Turai. Norway - daya daga cikin shugabannin da makamashi samar a yankin. Hydroelectric iko, da yin amfani da makamashin hasken rana da kuma iska, barin kasar ƙara da fitarwa na wutar lantarki ga kasashen makwabta. Rarraba da tattalin arziki, da ci gaban m masana'antu, ci gaban da yawon shakatawa janye - ne mai garanti na tattalin arziki nasara a Norway.