The kirkiro na kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta. A tarihin kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta

Idan kana karanta wannan labarin, sa'an nan 89 kashi na 100 kai ne mai farin ciki mai na kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta (sauran kashi - kamar yadda farin ciki masu touchscreens, shãfe fuska, iya tsarma sosai kananan yawan wadanda suka yi amfani da trackball ko "crushes a manne," ... ).

Mafi m, wannan kyakkyawan halittan kwamfuta yanzu a hannunka ko shakata wani wuri kusa da nan, a shirye su taimaka a irin wannan dadi, saba, ergonomic, dimbin yawa kamar real linzamin kwamfuta.

prehistory

Shin, ba ka san cewa da irin wannan "linzamin kwamfuta", wannan na'urar da aka ba ko da yaushe? Duk wanda ya? Ir? Ira da kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta, da ake kira da halittunsa, tsananin da kimiyance - "daidaita nuna alama x da kuma y domin nuni tsarin." Kuma kananan hakori, wannan nuna alama iya kawai TUNA mutum da mamaki ko m tare da mai kyau futuristic flair. To, sai dai cewa mugun kama da waya wutsiya, amma sai da baƙin ƙarfe za a iya kira wani linzamin kwamfuta ... A takaice, wanda christened naúrar tare da linzamin kwamfuta - wani asiri da cewa yana da tukuna da za a bincika ... Duk da haka, za mu gaya kome domin.

A tarihin kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta

Nice da kuma quite dogon. Sadu da farko kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta (photo a kan sashe daga cikin labarin). Just ka tuna da magana littafi katako toys. Wa? Ir? Ira da kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta? American masanin kimiyya Douglas Engelbart. Kamar yadda ya yi magana, da ra'ayin samar da kayayyakin aiki, don tallafa a aikin da Tsarukan aiki da ta zo da shi a 1951. Kuma da ra'ayin da aka aiwatuwa a na da kyau kadan a akwatin na itace, a lokacin da ya kirkiro da kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta da aka aiki a kan wani sabon tsarin aiki ne sosai kama da daya da wanda magance zamani masu amfani.

A farko samfur na yanzu linzamin kwamfuta Engelbart da aka ɓullo da a 1964. A samar da shi halarci biyu sauran maza: Bill English digiri na biyu dalibi, tattara na farko hannu, da kuma shiga cikin kungiyar daga baya, Jeff Rulifson, wani mutum wanda ya ci gaba da linzamin kwamfuta direbobi.

The na'urar ne na farko kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta

Dubi photo na farko linzamin kwamfuta (view daga kasa) da kuma kwatanta shi zuwa kwamfutarka rodent. Na'am, akwai wani bambancin: monograms a kan wani aiki jirgin rubuta dã ba su faru, saboda biyu ƙafafun takura maneuverability. Yana iya kawai a matsar da linzamin kwamfuta na hagu da kuma dama da baya da kuma fitar. Wato, da hannu da kai tsaye drive. A jiki yana daya kawai button. Linzamin kwamfuta a kan photo nuna daya wanda shi ne ya kirkiro da kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta, - kansa , Douglas Engelbart (photo na rana). Af, na almara linzamin kwamfuta-kamar na'urar da aka ba da farko ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar kwamfuta-jan kafar. Kafin linzamin kwamfuta da aka ƙirƙira by wani trackball.

Samfur ko wana?

Ka'idar aiki na trackball kama da aikin kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta, kawai kishiyar: dole ka karkatar da ball da hannunsa. Canada masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da ya Tom Cranston (ba za a rikita batun tare da wannan actor) Fred Longstaff da Kenonn ga Royal Canadian Navy a shekara ta 1952. Amma sai trackballs aka bayar ba fiye da 10 - ba su son matuƙan ... iya dimensioned bayan da ball suka Bowling bukukuwa.

Za ka iya samun tabbatarwa cewa shi ne wahayi trackball linzamin kwamfuta. Amma da aka ambata a sama cewa kirkiro na kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta da aka la'akari da ra'ayin samar da hannu kafin, a 1951.

Trackballs (photo a kan sashe da kake karanta yanzu) amfani a yau. Bã su da wani amfani a gare magudi amfani da trackball, sabanin da linzamin kwamfuta, kada bukatar mai yawa sarari da wani lebur surface, kuma shi ne kasa m zuwa vibrations. Saboda haka, irin wannan jan kafar sau da yawa ba a kowace sana'a mai kaifin fasahar, ma'ana filin ba ma dadi yanayi a cikin abin da ba shi da aiki.

Disamba 9, 1968

A hukuma da ranar haihuwa na kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta. A wannan rana, jariri da aka gabatar da su ga jama'a a lokacin wani taron harkokin kimiyya a San Francisco, inda ya sanya wata fantsama tare da m ga lokaci ayyuka.

The kirkiro na kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta da aka for my baby bonus a cikin adadin 10 dubu. Dollars. Takaice ga waɗanda sau quite mai kyau. A jariri da sauri ya fara koya da kuma inganta da taimakon da taro na hankali mutane. Kuma farkon ya rinjãya gabatarwar bakwai muhimmanci da kuma m kwamfuta na'urori. Saboda haka dole, cewa da barazana da iyaye to mamaye da linzamin kwamfuta na miyagun hali da kuma cika gane m yaro game da wannan a matsayin wata dama ga "kwace madauri a taushi tabo" a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da na zamani wanda suka san game da beraye ne kawai da cewa su ne m, gnaw dukan abin da ya shige ka hakora, da kuma tsoron Cats.

Juyin Halitta daga cikin Computer Mouse

A farko kamfanin, wanda zai yaba da ayyuka na masu yiwuwa na baby linzamin kwamfuta, ya Xerox. Sa'an nan a cikin 70 na na karshe karni da linzamin kwamfuta koya don motsawa cikin wani daban-daban hanya saboda ƙafafun maye gurbin ball da kuma shiga cikin m marufi Alto sirri kwamfuta. Amma wannan lokaci da kwamfuta kadan dabba ba don nuna kanta a duk da daukaka da masu amfani: PC taba shiga samarwa.

Shi ne kawai a 1981 a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani babban tawagar na Xerox 8010 StInformation Sistem kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta ya karya free. Gaskiya, ta kasance mai mutum quite tsada, kamar yadda da farashin ya 400 na dalar Amurka.

More araha da ya aikata da injiniyoyi na kamfanin Apple. Bunƙasa ga PC linzamin kwamfuta Lisa fadi zuwa $ 25, saboda haka, ya zama mafi m.

Ya kamata a lura, ma, cewa na'urar ci gaba a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Soviet kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta (photo sama sashe) shi ne da ɗan frivolous, amma shi ne na aikin sunan "jan kafar Gingerbread Man." An sanye take da uku mashiga - a kan nada tsakiyar su har yanzu ba su gushe ba muhawara a tsakanin da launin toka-masu gashi farko masu amfani, yana da kyau arziki ci gaba da wannan rare misali ne a yanzu a hannun. Amma kuna hukunta da nasu sake dubawa a kan Forums, duk da ban sha'awa nauyi, kuma mai ban sha'awa kauri daga cikin wutsiya da aiki da jan kafar ba muni fiye da kowane.

Modern kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta

Mafi m, da kirkiro na kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta da shawarar cewa yaro zai yi wani muhimmin wuri a cikin na'urori. Amma idan ya yi zaton kwamfuta zai zama manipulators kamar shi ne a yanzu? Zai yiwu domin shi ne masanin kimiyya.

A cikin dukan tarihin na kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta ya halartar mafi girma canji na'urar dake ne alhakin motsi daga jan kafar da wani kai tsaye drive zuwa opto-inji da karshe to Tantancewar.

Wannan shi ne daidai lokacin da linzamin kwamfuta ya rasa wutsiya da kuma fara waya.

Neman a hoto na farko kwamfuta manipulators, shi ne wuya ba to murmushi - su ne don haka gurgunta kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da na yanzu. Amma su ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na tarihin na kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta.

Bayan shekaru biyu, zai yi tasbĩhi rabin karni, a matsayin jan kafar linzamin kwamfuta da aka haife. Wannan ne mai tsanani ranar tunawa. Ina mamakin tsawon lokacin da za shi a matsayin wani muhimmin bangaren mu kwamfuta rayuwa zai kasance tare da mu?