The main iri kashi mutum dangane: makirci da kuma tebur

A adult jiki 206 kasũsuwa, ashe, alhãli kuwa a cikin jariri na yawan kai 350, sa'an nan a cikin tsari na rayuwa da suka girma tare. Mafi yawansu suna guda biyu da kuma unpaired zama 33-34. Kore ta kashi da tsoka da kuma tendons. Ƙasusuwan samar da kwarangwal: kashin baya, manya da ƙananan wata gabar jiki da kuma kwanyar. Domin gama su ga juna, akwai daban-daban na kashi.

The ayyuka na mutum kwarangwal

Babban aiki na kwarangwal - wani goyon baya ga kayan ciki, kazalika da samar da wani mutum da ikon matsawa a sarari. Domin samu nasarar gudanar da ƙasũsuwa kamata da, a daya hannun, da ƙarfi, da sauran - da elasticity da kuma sauƙi. Duka wadannan ayyuka suna bayar ciki har da ta hanyar daban daban iri kashi.

Bugu da kari ga goyon bayan kasusuwan kare da kayan ciki, kazalika da hematopoietic gabobin (saboda da soso abu dauke da jan bargo).

Iri dangane da ƙasũsuwa

A cikin mutane, akwai daban-daban na kashi: lebur, tubular, gauraye, short da kuma dogon. Akwai daban-daban na mutum kashi nasabar samar da kwarangwal ikon yi ta ayyuka. Babu uniform rarrabuwa na daban na gidajen abinci na ƙasũsuwa. Wasu kafofin kasu kashi biyu mahadi kasũsuwa, ashe, wasu - a cikin iri uku. A daidai da farko version, shi ne m kuma tsayayyen gidajen abinci. The uku type, wanda ba duk dangana ga kai - shi ne Semi-motsi hadin gwiwa. Mai fili wakiltar iri kashi dangane tebur. Kasa an gabatar da iri m gidajen abinci.

Cigaba da ko immobile fili

Cigaba da dangane da ƙasũsuwa - wadanda ba su da wani rami da kuma ana gyarawa. Ƙayyade wani ajali connection ne zai yiwu ma a bayyanar - meshed saman da roughness, nicks, watau su ne m.

Ci biyu saman ta wajen connective nama.

Misalai ne mahadi da kwanyar ƙasũsuwa, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar kashi hadin gwiwa.

Sauran mahadi har yanzu Fused da juna, Ina nufin guringuntsi aka maye gurbinsu da kashi cewa ba ƙarfi ga wannan musamman sashen. Irin wannan nau'i na mahadi ƙasũsuwa a cikin kashin baya za a iya gani a sacral, a cikinsa coccyx wakiltar biyar intergrown coccygeal vertebrae.

Yana nufin na rike immobility kashi gidajen abinci

Kamar yadda gani daga misalai, immobility bayar a hanyoyi daban-daban, duk da haka, akwai babban iri kashi sadarwa a ci gaba da iri:

• Rubuta fili ta kusa-grained irin connective nama (kashi a kusa da gidajen abinci).
• Syndesmoses wanda suke mahadi wakilta ta hanyar connective nama (msl, hannu da dantse).
• Synchondrosises - yin amfani da guringuntsi (fili vertebrae a cikin kashin baya).
• Synostosis, watau kashi sadarwa (da kwanyar kashi, da coccyx).

A farko da na biyu sakin layi - sun iri ƙasusuwansu sadarwa ta amfani da daban-daban iri connective nama, saboda haka suna kira a matsayin fibrous mahadi.

Syndesmoses gudanar da wani aiki ta hanyar jijiyoyin, wanda kara karfafa kashi.

A ra'ayi na jijiyoyin

Su wakiltar strands kafa ta bugo na roba da kuma collagen zaruruwa. Dangane da irin Marinjãyi a wani musamman cuta, sun kasu kashi na roba da kuma collagen.

Dangane da ake bukata vibration mawadãta ƙasũsuwa jijiyoyin iya zama short ko dogon.

Kudi ne kuma rarrabuwa makada kamar yadda na ga gidajen abinci - articular da kuma karin-articular.

Daure ne dole ba kawai ga gamuwa da kasũsuwa, ashe, suna da dama da muhimmanci ayyuka:

• Frame wani ɓangare kamar fara tsoka da jijiyoyin sun hadu.
• Rike kuma gyara tare da daban-daban rabo na kasusuwa ko sassa na jiki (sacro-bugornaya jijiya).
• Tare da jijiyoyin kafa wasu daga ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin (msl, kafa ko sako ga nassi na jijiyoyi da jini).

Iri connective gidajen abinci

Bugu da kari ga jijiyoyin, kasusuwa, da mahadi za a iya kafa ta connective nama da kuma za a kira membranes. Su bambanci ta'allaka ne da cewa membrane cika da sarari tsakanin kasũsuwa, ashe, da kuma nĩsa a tsakãninsa da su ne quite manyan. A mafi yawan lokuta, membranes kunshi na roba zaruruwa. Duk da haka, a cikin aikin da suke yin wannan rawa da jijiyoyin sun hadu.

A gaba da irin connective nama connection tsakanin ƙasusuwan a fontanelle. Wannan irin za a iya gani a jarirai da kuma yara har zuwa shekara har fontanels ba overgrown. Wannan samuwar wanda yana da kadan na roba zaruruwa da aka gabatar da farko na tsaka-tsaki abu. Wannan dangane da damar da ƙashi na daga cikin kwanyar canza sanyi ga nassi ta hanyar da haihuwa canal.

A kabu za a iya samu ta hanyar karatu, misali, mahadi na ƙasũsuwa da kwanyar. A seams iya zama daban-daban da siffofi, da irin wannan sunan - toothed, lebur, scaly.

Welding na alveolar matakai da alaka da hakora. A connective nama a cikin wannan yankin da aka kira "periodontal". Shi yana da kyau jinin samar da juyayi innervation saboda jini da jijiya zaruruwa a cikin tsaka-tsaki abu. A abun da ke ciki kuma ya hada da periodontal na roba da kuma collagen zaruruwa.

hannu raka'a

Wadannan iri kashi sadarwa - dabba ba a kanta. Wadannan sun hada da gidajen abinci (diarthrosis). Discontinuous wadannan iri mahadi ake kira ƙasũsuwa da cewa akwai ko da yaushe wani sarari tsakanin su saman. Domin samar da motsi, da suka kunshi cikin articular saman na hadin gwiwa kwantena da rami.

aka gyara na

Articular surface - Waɗannan su ne sassa na kasũsuwa, ashe, da su ne dab da juna a cikin hadin gwiwa kwantena. Suna rufe guringuntsi kira articular.

Domin irin wannan fili a kai a kai cikin rayuwar mutum don cika ta aiki a cikin jakar akwai wani rami cike da ruwa, lubricating surface na fitattu. Bugu da kari, da ruwa ya aikata depreciation ayyuka, da samar da jimiri gidajen abinci, da kuma bayar da zama dole ikon articular guringuntsi.

Articular hadin gwiwa saman jakar kare da lalacewar yi wannan aiki shi kunshi dama yadudduka: synovial kuma fibrous. Ciki synovial membrane na samar da arziki jini wadata.

Bugu da kari ga m kuma tilas abubuwa iya zama ba a cikin hadin gwiwa: guringuntsi da jijiyoyin, bursae, sesamoid kashi da synovial folds.

Nau'in gidajen abinci a kan daban-daban sigogi

A gidajen abinci na iya zama na daban-daban siffofi: .. globular, elliptical, lebur, sirdi, da dai sauransu A daidai da wannan sunan saniyar ware da kuma gidajen abinci. Rarrabe rarrabuwa da kuma aikin na motsi - uniaxial, biaxial da multiaxial. By uniaxial hada trochlear da cylindrical gidajen abinci (msl, idon, interphalangeal). Biyu-aksali gidajen abinci - ellipsoidal ko sirdi (da wuyan hannu-metacarpal, wuyan hannu). Don kawo multiaxial gidajen abinci da ciwon siffar zobe siffar - kafada, hip.

Bisa ga tsari na hadin gwiwa na iya za a zaci, a cikin abin da yankunan za ta motsi. Alal misali, a ball-dimbin yawa aiwatarwa motsi a cikin daban-daban kwatance, to, akwai uku-axis.

A cikin na'urar rarrabe sauki da kuma hadadden gidajen abinci. Kawai kunshi biyu kasũsuwa, ashe, hadaddun - na uku ko fiye.

Gidajen abinci na iya yi da wadannan iri motsi: lankwashewa-tsawo, sata-adduction, juyawa (ciki da waje, kazalika da madauwari).

Semi-dabba ba a kanta ƙasũsuwa connection

Mutane da yawa ba su gaskata cewa su ne m. By Semi-motsi mahadi hada da wadanda kafa guringuntsi, wato, a daya hannun, ba su motsi kamar yadda gidajen abinci, amma da wani mataki na sassauci.

Connection Type amfani da guringuntsi aka dauke a matsayin daya daga cikin iri na gyarawa dangane - synchondrosis, wanda ba a wasan kusa da na dabba ba a kanta, kamar yadda da yawa tunani. Synchondrosises tsakanin Semi-motsi gidajen abinci da kuma akwai bambanci: a baya akwai kananan rami, saboda abin da bayar da motsi.

Polupreryvnye mahadi ma kira symphysis. A karkashin wani yanayi da suka iya dan kadan diverge a tsakãninsu. Saboda haka, pubic symphysis damar haihuwa don tabbatar da nassi da tayin ta hanyar da haihuwa canal.

maimakon a ƙarshe

Saboda haka, da muka sadu da babban iri gidajen abinci na ƙasusuwansu, su fasali da kuma ayyuka da cewa su yi.

A lokacin da la'akari da irin batutuwa kamar iri adam kashi sadarwa, allunan da Charts zai zama mafi kyau mataimakansa, tun da suka sa shi yiwuwa a fili ga kuma fahimtar da rarrabuwa.