Tiyata na ciki. Tsari da kuma aiki da mutum ciki

Human ciki - babban tafki domin adanar jiki abinci. Idan jiki ba ya da irin wannan damar, a matsayin ciki, za mu ci duk lokaci, ba kawai 'yan sau a rana. Yana kuma Highlights da cakuda acid, gamsai da kuma narkewa kamar enzymes cewa taimake nike da kuma sanitize mu abinci a lokacin ajiya.

babban haltta

Mene ne ciki a cikin mutane? Wannan taso keya, m sashin jiki. Ina da ciki a cikin mutane? An located kasa da diaphragm a hagu na ciki.

A tsarin da jikin mutane ne irin wannan cewa ciki ne dake tsakanin esophagus da duodenum.

Ciki - Extended ɓangare na gastrointestinal fili, wanda yana da jinjirin wata siffar. Its ciki Layer ne cike da wrinkles, sani a gare mu kamar yadda wrinkles (ko folds). Yana da wadannan folds da damar da shi da za a miƙa wa shige cikin shi manyan rabo na abinci, wanda sai zare jiki motsa a cikin narkewa kamar tsari.

A tsari da kuma aiki, da mutum ciki za a iya zuwa kashi hudu sassa:

1. The esophagus haɗu da ciki a wani karamin yanki da ake kira cardia. Shi ne kunkuntar, tube-kamar kashi, wanda ya wuce a cikin fadi rami - jikin ciki. Cardia kunshi ƙananan esophageal sphincter, kazalika da kungiyar tsoka nama wadda kwangila don ci gaba da abinci da kuma acid a cikin ciki.

2. cardiac rabu wuce a cikin jiki na ciki, wanda Forms tsakiyar ɓangare kuma mafi.

3. Kamar sama da domed yankin na jiki ne da aka sani a matsayin da kasa.

4. Ga jiki ne pylorus. Wannan bangare haɗu da ciki zuwa duodenum kuma ƙunshi pyloric sphincter abin da iko da ya kwarara daga cikin partially narkewar abinci (chyme) daga ciki da kuma a cikin duodenum.

Microscopic haltta na ciki

Microscopic bincike ya nuna tsarin da ciki, an yi shi da dama raba yadudduka nama: da mucosa, submucosa, kuma tsoka serous.

mucosa

A ciki Layer aka hada gaba ɗaya na ciki mucosa ne mai sauki epithelial nama tare da wani jam'i na exocrine Kwayoyin. Kananan pores ake kira ciki rami dauke da yawa exocrine Kwayoyin cewa samar da narkewa kamar enzymes da hydrochloric acid a cikin ciki. Mucous Kwayoyin located a ko'ina cikin mucosa da kuma na ciki da rami, asirce gamsai kare ciki daga kansa narkewa kamar secretions. Saboda zurfin cikin rami na ciki da mucosa iya thicken, wanda ba shine mucosa na sauran gabobin na gastrointestinal fili.

A zurfin na mucosa ne mai bakin ciki Layer da santsi tsoka - tsoka farantin. Wannan shi Forms wrinkles kuma qara lamba tare da mucosa na ciki abinda ke ciki.

Around da mucosa da wani Layer - submucosa. Ya kunshi connective nama, jini da kuma jijiyoyi. Connective nama tallafawa mucosal tsarin da kuma gama da shi zuwa ga tsoka Layer. Submucosal jinin samar tabbatar da wadata da na gina jiki ga ganuwar da ciki. M nama a cikin submucosa na ciki abinda ke ciki na controls da kuma kulawa da santsi tsoka da mugunya narkewa kamar abubuwa.

murdede Layer

A tsoka Layer na ciki submucosa kewaye da shi fiye na mai ciki taro. Murdede farantin hada 3 yadudduka da santsi tsoka nama. Wadannan yadudduka da santsi tsoka damar da ciki zuwa kwangila, to Mix abinci da kuma motsa shi ta hanyar narkewa kamar fili.

serosa

A m Layer na ciki, da suke kewaye da tsoka nama ne da ake kira serosa, wanda aka yi da sauki squamous epithelium da sako-sako da connective nama. Serous Layer yana da wani m, m surface da kuma sake ruwa, na ruwa asiri, da aka sani da serous ruwa. Smooth, rigar surface na serous membrane taimaka kare ciki daga gogayya a lokacin da m fadada da kuma ƙanƙancewa.

Anatomy na mutum ciki yanzu fiye ko žasa bayyananne. Duk da cewa aka bayyana a sama, ka yi la'akari kadan daga baya a cikin zane-zane. Amma da farko, za mu fahimci, abin da suke da ayyuka na mutum ciki.

ajiya

A bakin mu tauna da kuma moisturizing m abinci har sai ya zama wani taro yi kama da ciwon da siffar wani kananan ball. Lokacin da muka ingest kowane ball, shi sannu a hankali ya wuce ta esophagus zuwa ciki, wadda aka adana tare da sauran abinci rabo.

A girma daga cikin mutum ciki dabam, amma a kan talakawan shi ne iya ƙunsar 1-2 lita na ruwa abinci da kuma da taimaka narkewa. Lokacin da ciki aka mĩƙe mai yawa abinci, zai iya adana har zuwa 3-4 lita. Distended ciki yin narkewa wuya. Tun da rami ba zai iya sauƙi a iya rage zuwa Mix da abinci yadda ya kamata, shi take kaiwa zuwa wani ji na rashin jin daɗi. A girma daga cikin mutum ciki kuma ya dogara da shekaru da kuma yanayin jiki.

Bayan da na ciki da rami da aka cika da abinci, shi ne kiyaye domin wani 1-2 hours. A wannan lokaci, da ciki ya ci gaba da narkewa kamar tsari, wanda ya fara a cikin bakin da damar da hanjinsu, pancreas, gall mafitsara da kuma hanta fara shirya a gama hanya.

A ƙarshen ciki pyloric sphincter iko da motsi na abinci a cikin hanjinsu. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi yawanci rufe su ci gaba da abinci da kuma warewa daga cikin ciki. Da zarar chyme shirye su bar cikin ciki, da pyloric sphincter ya buɗe don ba da damar a kananan adadin undigested abinci auku a cikin duodenum. A cikin 1-2 hours, wannan tsari yana tafiya ne maimaita sannu a hankali har sai, har sai dukan narkewar abinci ya fita daga ciki. Da jinkirin taki na saki chyme taimaka wa decompose shi a cikin da aka gyara da kuma kara narkewa da sha na gina jiki a cikin Gut.

mugunya

A ciki samar da kula da dama da muhimmanci abubuwa don sarrafa abinci narkewa. Kowace daga cikinsu sanya exocrine ko endocrine Kwayoyin a cikin mucosa.

Na ciki exocrine babban samfurin ne na ciki da ruwan 'ya'yan itace - cakuda gamsai, hydrochloric acid da kuma narkewa kamar enzymes. Na ciki ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ya garwaya da abinci a ciki zuwa taimakon narkewa.

Musamman exocrine mucosal Kwayoyin - mucous Kwayoyin gamsai adana a folds da kuma na ciki da kwazazzabai. Wannan gamsai kara ta mucosal surface, ya rufe rufi na ciki m, resistant zuwa acid da kuma enzymes shãmaki. Na ciki gamsai ne ma mai arziki a cikin bicarbonate ions wanda neutralize PH-factor na ciki acid.

Parietal Kwayoyin a ciki rami, samar da biyu muhimmanci sinadaran: muhimmi factor da hydrochloric acid. Muhimmi factor ne glycoprotein cewa ta ɗaure wa bitamin B12 a ciki da kuma taimakawa shi za a tunawa da kananan hanji. Vitamin B12 ne mai muhimmanci na gina jiki ga samuwar erythrocytes.

A acid a cikin mutum ciki kare jikin mu ta hanyar kashe pathogenic kwayoyin da suke ba a cikin abinci. Haka kuma yana taimaka nike sunadarai, ta hanyar mayar da su a cikin wani cikakken tsari da cewa shi ne sauki tafiyar enzymes. Pepsin - enzyme digesting gina jiki ne kawai a kunne a ƙarƙashin rinjayar hydrochloric acid a cikin ciki.

Primary Kwayoyin suna kuma samu a ciki rami nuna biyu narkewa kamar enzyme: pepsinogen da ciki lipase. Pepsinogen kafin kwayoyin ne sosai iko, mai gina jiki digesting enzyme - pepsin. Tun pepsin zai halakar da babban Kwayoyin cewa samar da shi da kuma guda, ya boye a cikin nau'i na pepsinogen, wanda ba m. Lokacin da pepsinogen aka tuntube da wani acidic PH-factor, wanda yake kunshe a ciki acid, ya canjãwa siffar kuma ta zama aiki pepsin enzyme cewa sabobin tuba sunadaran cikin amino acid.

Na ciki lipase ne wani enzyme wanda digests fats, cire m acid daga triglyceride kwayoyin.

G-sel da ciki - endocrine Kwayoyin located a tushe na ciki rami. G-Kwayoyin samar da hormone gastrin a cikin jini a mayar da martani ga dama samuwar kasashe, kamar sakonni daga vagus jijiya, gaban amino acid a cikin ciki narkewar sunadarai ko mikewa da ciki bango yayin cin abinci. Gastrin tafiya ta cikin jini don daban-daban tsoka mai amsa sigina Kwayoyin a kusa da ciki, da kuma ta babban aiki - a ta da prostate da ciki tsokoki. Gurbin kan ciwon daji gastrin take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a ciki acid mugunya, wanda inganta narkewa. Gastrin ruri daga m tsoka na taimaka wa karfi contractions na ciki da kuma bude na pyloric sphincter don matsawa da abinci a cikin duodenum. Gastrin ma iya ta da Kwayoyin a cikin pancreas da kuma gall mafitsara, inda shi qara mugunya ruwan 'ya'yan itace da bile.

Kamar yadda ka gani, da mutum ciki enzymes yi wani muhimmanci sosai aiki a narkewa.

narkewa

Narkewa a ciki za a iya raba biyu azuzuwan: inji da kuma sinadaran narkewa. Inji narkewa - ba kawai jiki rabuwa da abinci taro cikin karami guda, da kuma sinadaran - hira da ya fi girma kwayoyin cikin karami kwayoyin.

• Mechanical narkewa ne saboda da hadawa mataki na ciki bango. Its m tsokoki kwangila, don haka rabo na abinci aka haxa da na ciki da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda results a cikin samuwar wani lokacin farin ciki ruwa - chyme.

• Duk da yake abinci ne jiki gauraye da na ciki da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, enzymes ba a cikinta, chemically manne manyan kwayoyin cikin karami subunits daga gare ta. Na ciki lipase karya saukar fats triglycerides cikin m acid da kuma diglycerides. Pepsin karya sunadaran cikin karami amino acid. Chemical bazuwar, fara a cikin ciki, ba ya kawo karshen up muddin chyme ba ya fada a cikin hanji.

Amma da aiki na ciki na mutum ba iyakance ga narkewa.

hormones

Aiki da ciki ne karkashin iko da wani yawan hormones cewa tsara samar da ciki acid da kuma saki na abinci a cikin duodenum.

• Gastrin aka sanya na G-sel da ciki, qara ta aiki da haramta motsa wani karuwa a yawan ciki ruwan 'ya'yan itace samar, tsoka ƙanƙancewa da emptying na ciki ta cikin pyloric sphincter.

• Cholecystokinin (CCK) aka yi duodenal mucosa. Shin wani hormone cewa slows da emptying na ciki da rage pyloric sphincter. CCK aka saki a mayar da martani ga wani abinci mai arziki a cikin furotin da kuma kitse, yana da matukar wuya a nike da na jiki. FCS damar abinci a ciki ƙara a adana domin karin sosai narkewa da kuma bada lokaci da pancreas da kuma gall mafitsara da su saki bile kuma enzymes cewa inganta narkewa a cikin duodenum.

• Secretin - wani hormone samar da duodenal mucosa, shi amsa ga acidity na chyme zuwa daga ciki a cikin hanji. Secretin jini ya wuce ta ciki, inda shi slows samar da ciki ruwan 'ya'yan itace exocrine gland mucosa. Secretin stimulates samar da pancreatic ruwan 'ya'yan itace da bile, wanda dauke da bicarbonate ions antacids. Manufar secretin ne hanji kariya daga cutarwa sakamakon acid chyme.

Ciki adam: gina

Bisa ga ƙa'ida, mu riga ya saba da Anatomy da kuma aiki da mutum ciki. Bari mu bincika ta hanyar zane, da ciki, inda wani mutum ne da kuma abin da ya ke.

Figure 1:

Wannan hoto ya siffanta wani mutum ciki, wanda tsarin za a iya bincika a more daki-daki. Akwai suna alama:

1 - esophagus. 2 - ƙananan esophageal sphincter. 3 - cardia. 4- jiki ciki. 5 - kasa na ciki. 6 - serosa. 7 - a tsaye Layer. 8 - madauwari Layer. 9 - QFontDatabase Layer. 10 - mafi curvature. 11 - folds na mucous membrane. 12 - da rami na pylorus. 13 - tashar pylorus. 14 - pyloric sphincter na ciki. 15 - duodenum. 16 - da tsaron. 17 - da kananan curvature.

Figure 2:

A wannan hoton da tankwara na ciki shi ne a fili a bayyane. Figures alama:

1 - esophagus. 2 - da ciki fundus. 3 - jikin ciki. 4 - manyan curvature. 5 - kogo. 6 - da tsaron. 7 - da duodenum. 8 - kananan curvature. 9 - cardia. 10 - gastroesophageal maha? Ar.

Figure 3:

Yana nuna da tankwara na ciki da kuma wurin da ya Lymph nodes. Figures dace:

1 - babba kungiyar na Lymph nodes. 2 - pancreatic kungiyar na nodes. 3 - pyloric kungiyar. 4 - ƙananan kungiyar pyloric nodes.

Figure 4:

A wannan hoton ana iya ganin tsarin da ciki bango. Akwai suna alama:

1 - serosa. 2 - a tsaye murdede Layer. 3 - madauwari tsoka Layer. 4 - mucosa. 5 - a tsaye murdede Layer na mucosa. 6 - madauwari murdede Layer na mucosa. 7 - glandular mucosal epithelium. 8 - jini. 9 - baƙin ƙarfe ciki.

Figure 5:

Hakika, da tsarin da jikin mutane a kan na karshe adadi ba bayyane, amma kimanin wurin da ciki a cikin jiki za a iya daukan.

Wannan hoton ya quite ban sha'awa. Ga ba nuna da tankwara da mutum ciki ko wani abu kamar cewa, ko da yake wasu sassa na shi zai iya har yanzu za a gani. Wannan adadi ya nuna cewa a ƙwannafi, da kuma cewa a lokacin da ta faru.

1 - esophagus. 2 - ƙananan esophageal sphincter. 3 - rage ciki. 4 - ciki acid, tare da abinda ke ciki ne ya ɗaga cikin esophagus. 5 - mai kona ji a cikin kirji da makogwaro.

A ka'ida, da hoto a fili ya nuna abin da ya faru a lokacin da ƙwannafi da kuma kara bayani da aka ba da ake bukata.

mutum ciki, images of wanda aka gabatar a sama, shi ne mai matukar muhimmanci sashin jiki a jikin mu. Ba tare da shi, za ka iya zama, amma wannan rayuwa ne mai wuya don maye gurbin da cikakken. Abin farin, a cikin lokaci, za ka iya kauce wa matsaloli da yawa ta kawai daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ziyartar gastroenterologist. Dace ganewar asali da cutar za ta taimaka wa sauri rabu da shi. Muhimmanci, ba ƙara ja da tafiya zuwa ga likita, da kuma idan wani abu ciwo, ya kamata ka nan da nan miƙa wannan matsala da gwani.